Chapter.18 Test Bank Docx Issues in mental health

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 1

1) People are sometimes surprised that there is not a perfect consensus among psychologists about what constitutes

a. mental retardation

b. psychological disorders

c. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

d. psychiatry

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 2

2) This set of diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

b. International Classification of Diseases

c. Psychiatric and Counseling Psychology Manual

d. Manual of the American Psychological Association

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 3

3) The study of states of mind and behaviour that deviate both from the statistical norm and from what the mental health field considers to be healthy psychological functioning is called

a. clinical psychology

b. antisocial psychology

c. abnormal psychology

d. social psychology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 4

4) This aspect of the DSM view of psychological disorders is not as objective as it might be in diagnosing medical disorders.

a. personal distress

b. dysfunction

c. physical discomfort

d. cognitive dissonance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 5

5) Except for certain cases of personality disorders, a person with a psychological disorder generally exhibits

a. impairment in language

b. personal distress

c. mental retardation

d. neurosis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 6

6) Which of the following is the most accurate critique of the DSM view of psychological disorders?

a. The criteria for having a disorder are partly subjective and dependent upon social judgments and cultural values.

b. The consensus of psychologists is that the DSM model of psychological disorders is unreliable.

c. The DSM does not account for the fact that psychological disorders involve some sort of demonstrable, structural change and malfunction of a part of the body.

d. DSM provides too many objective standards for deciding when psychological symptoms have actually caused significant impairment in important areas of one’s life.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 7

7) This view of mental illness, introduced by Thomas Szasz, is very critical of the medical model of mental illness.

a. the DSM model

b. the myth of mental illness view

c. the diathesis-stress view

d. the spiritual view

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 8

8) Proponents of the “myth of mental illness view” of psychological disorders were primarily concerned with this problem, which is now a relatively rare occurrence.

a. involuntary commitment

b. voluntary commitment

c. deinstitutionalization

d. managed care

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 9

9) Due in part to managed health care and psychiatric medication, it is no longer necessary for most people with psychological disorders to stay in mental institutions for any lengthy period of time. This is called

a. deinstitutionalization

b. involuntary commitment

c. point of service

d. deindustrialization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 10

10) Thomas Szasz’s myth of mental illness view is critical of this model of mental illness, in which psychological problems are diagnosed in ways similar to that of physical illness.

a. psychiatric model

b. medical model

c. physical model

d. mental model

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 11

11) According to the harmful dysfunction view of psychological disorders, psychological dysfunction should be defined in terms of

a. social and cultural standards of behavior

b. evolutionary adaptation

c. brain function

d. nervous system function

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 12

12) Which of the following is NOT a part of the category of DSM disorders called major mental disorders?

a. anxiety disorders

b. personality disorders

c. feeding and eating disorders

d. depressive disorders

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 13

13) This is the psychological term that refers to an unpleasant feeling of tension, physiological arousal (e.g., increased heart rate), and worry in anticipation of a threat.

a. mood

b. anxiety

c. panic

d. depression

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 14

14) Anxiety disorders have a high likelihood of coexisting or overlapping with one another and with other types of disorders, a problem called

a. generalization

b. comorbidity

c. diagnostic confound

d. conflict resolution

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 15

15) This disorder can be thought of as the “basic” anxiety disorder.

a. generalized anxiety disorder

b. panic disorder

c. hypophobia

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 16

16) Patrick is driven by uncontrollable worry and apprehension about the future. His condition has lasted for several years and sometimes leads to physical symptoms like headaches. Patrick most likely has

a. generalized anxiety disorder

b. panic disorder

c. major depression

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 17

17) These are the most common of the anxiety disorders but are the least disabling because of the focus of the anxiety

a. specific phobias

b. agorophobias

c. obsessive-compulsive disorders

d. panic disorders

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 18

18) A person with this phobia is highly anxious about situations involving exposure to unfamiliar people

a. social phobia

b. agoraphobia

c. acrophobia

d. sangophobia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 19

19) In terms of the harmful-dysfunction view, if shyness evolved to cause us to be wary of strangers or avoid embarrassment in front of a group, then

a. extremely shy people cannot be said to be dysfunctional

b. social phobia is a myth of mental illness

c. phobias are actually adaptive if they do not involve panic

d. extremely shy people cannot be afraid of social judgments of others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 20

20) Though they seem to arrive “out of the blue,” these intense anxiety experiences tend to be caused by a specific trigger like experiencing an anxiety-provoking situation

a. obsessive thoughts

b. compulsions

c. panic attacks

d. dissociations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 21

21) Which of the following is NOT a component of the triple vulnerability theory of the cause of mental disorders?

a. generalized biological vulnerability

b. specific-global vulnerability

c. specific psychological vulnerability

d. generalized psychological vulnerability

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 22

22) Which of the following is true regarding the categorization of obsessive-compulsive and trauma-related disorders in the DSM-5?

a. Both disorders are absent from the DSM-5, and now considered medical diagnoses.

b. Post-traumatic stress disorder is now considered a kind of extreme panic disorder, while obsessive-compulsive disorder is considered a type of bipolar disorder.

c. Instead of being grouped with anxiety disorders, both disorders form independent categories of disorders in the DSM-5.

d. These two classes of disorders have been replaced by personality disorders that are marked by similar symptoms.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 23

23) This disorder was formerly grouped with anxiety disorders prior to the DSM-5, and is characterized by persistent, intrusive, anxiety-provoking thoughts, often combined with a strong urge to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviours.

a. agoraphobia

b. post-traumatic stress disorder

c. obsessive-compulsive disorder

d. generalized anxiety disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 24

24) Post-traumatic stress disorder is unique among psychological disorders because

a. the genetic markers for the disorder are well known

b. the symptoms are generally mild and do not cause distress

c. the cause of the disorder may be specified with certainty

d. the risk factors are generally correlational

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 25

25) The mood state characterized by exaggerated and prolonged feelings of sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, grief, guilt, and low feelings of self-worth is called

a. mania

b. depression

c. hypomania

d. dysthymia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 26

26) Which of the following statements about major depressive disorders is NOT true?

a. Depression is not associated with a decline in physical health.

b. Depression and anxiety symptoms tend to be comorbid.

c. Depression is not a chronic disorder and is quickly responsive to treatment.

d. Depression can result from genetic vulnerabilities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 27

27) The chemical imbalance description of depression and the link to serotonin levels in the brain is controversial because

a. it is an oversimplification of the relationship between neurotransmitters and mood

b. serotonin is not involved in the brain’s control of mood

c. studies show that delivering dopamine to depressed patients is as effective as delivering serotonin

d. it is a false statement proposed by pharmaceutical companies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 28

28) Martin Seligman proposed that if human beings come to believe for whatever reason that they have no control over the negative events of their lives, they may experience this aspect of depression.

a. learned helplessness

b. hopeless cognition

c. negative triadic thoughts

d. stable pessimism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 29

29) The proponents of hopelessness theory claimed that learned helplessness is not enough to explain depression because helplessness is

a. equally present in anxiety sufferers

b. not a scientific term

c. not a component of most major depressive symptoms

d. equally present in schizophrenics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 30

30) Which of the following statements is least likely to lead to depression, according to hopelessness theory?

a. “It’s my fault that I failed the exam because I’m not smart.”

b. “I’m always going to fail statistics exams, I’m not cut out for science.”

c. “I’ll probably get kicked out of school because I’m stupid.”

d. “I’ll never win the respect of my colleagues.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 31

31) Which of the following is NOT part of Beck’s negative cognitive triad?

a. feelings of self-worthlessness

b. false beliefs about the negative aspects of the world

c. feelings of anxiety about the past

d. predictions of hopelessness about the future

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 32

32) All of the following are reasons why women suffer depression more frequently than men, EXCEPT

a. Early sexual development in girls can bring unwanted harassment

b. Girls may be more likely to possess the short allele of 5-HTTLPR

c. Women are less resistant to the effects of stormy relationships.

d. Hopelessness and rumination are more prevalent in women.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 33

33) The tendency to focus inwardly and brood on the possible causes and consequences of negative emotions and events is called

a. hopelessness

b. rumination

c. anxiety

d. negative cognitive triad

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 34

34) This category of psychological disorders is characterized by a large increase in the risk of suicide among sufferers.

a. anxiety and trauma-related disorders

b. depressive and bipolar disorders

c. personality disorders

d. dissociative disorders

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 35

35) The statement that suicide is the third leading cause of death among 10- to 18-year-olds is misleading mainly because

a. the mortality rate of this age group is generally very low

b. the mortality rate of adults is well below the mortality rate of adolescents

c. the statistic underemphasizes the risks of adolescent depression

d. the statistic does not include schizophrenic children

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 36

36) This is a group of related psychotic disorders characterized by severely distorted perception and experience of reality, disorganized thought and speech, and inappropriate emotions or emotional responses.

a. hypomania

b. dysthymia

c. schizophrenia

d. dissociative identity disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 37

37) Schizophrenic symptoms in which something is added to the person’s behaviour that should not be there, such as hallucinations and delusions, are called

a. positive symptoms

b. psychotic symptoms

c. negative symptoms

d. active symptoms

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 38

38) Which of the following is the best characterization of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

a. David is often silent and motionless for long periods of time.

b. Sam will not use a phone because he believes the FBI has been tracking him for 10 years.

c. When Denis is asked questions, his tone of voice never changes no matter whether he is interested in the conversation or not.

d. Peter has been homeless for the last 13 years and is severely depressed.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 39

39) Though similar to delusions of persecution, these schizophrenic delusions often cause the sufferer to interpret newspaper headlines and other mass forms of communication as hidden messages intended for him or her alone.

a. delusions of grandeur

b. delusions of spirituality

c. delusions of reference

d. delusions of importance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 40

40) These types of schizophrenic symptoms are marked by their absence, as in lack of affect, or apathy.

a. positive symptoms

b. psychotic symptoms

c. negative symptoms

d. passive symptoms

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 41

41) This is the term for any single characteristic or symptom that is present in people with a specific psychological disorder and is also present at a high rate in close genetic relatives who do not have the disorder.

a. schizotype

b. genotype

c. endophenotype

d. heterotype

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 42

42) People who experience recovery from symptoms of schizophrenia are usually labelled as

a. cured

b. in remission

c. latent

d. in vitro

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 43

43) People with this personality disorder are argumentative, preoccupied with threats both real and imagined, and tend to interpret the words of others’ as hostile.

a. borderline personality disorder

b. paranoid personality disorder

c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

d. schizoid personality disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 44

44) People suffering from this personality disorder also frequently attempt to injure themselves in some way—with substantial numbers attempting or committing suicide.

a. borderline personality disorder

b. paranoid personality disorder

c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

d. schizoid personality disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 45

45) According to the DSM-5, those with personality disorders suffer impairments in several aspects of personality functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of these areas.

a. intimacy

b. identity

c. self-direction

d. impulsivity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 46

46) Which of the following is NOT true of Schizophrenia

a. Schizophrenia has a strong genetic component

b. Poor early relationships are associated with risk of schizophrenia

c. Smoking cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia

d. Schizophrenia is the most common mood disorder

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 47

47) According to research by Bender et al (2015), what type of attachment style may lead to anxiety problems

a. Insecure attachment

b. No attachment

c. Secure attachment

d. Inconsistent attachment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 48

48) The negative cognitive triad includes irrational beliefs about

a. The self, the world, the future

b. The self, the mind, family

c. The self, the world, relationships

d. Friends, family and the self

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 49

49) Unlike the DSM, the ICD is intended for

a. children only

b. global use

c. professional diagnoses

d. academic research purposes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 18, Question 50

50) Which of the following terms refers to a mark of shame resulting from a person’s behaviour or membership in a disapproved or discriminated-against group

a. withdrawal

b. deinstitutionalisation

c. statistical abnormality

d. stigma

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 51

51) The DSM view of psychological dysfunction reflects social judgments or cultural values and cannot be said to be as objective as medical judgments of dysfunction in physical organs such as the heart or lungs

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 52

52) Since the development of psychiatric medications and the advent of managed care, the trend has been to do everything possible to keep patients in the confines of mental institution

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 53

53) When a person is depressed but has never experienced mania, his or her depression is said to be unipolar in quality. If the person has experienced mania at least once, the depression is said to be bipolar

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 54

54) Almost all patients with schizophrenic symptoms experience partial or full recovery by age 50

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 55

55) The disorders with the highest mortality rates from suicide are the anxiety disorders, particularly post-traumatic stress disorder

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 56

56) According to the myth of mental illness view of disorders, it is likely that all psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, are the result of over diagnosis

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 57

57) Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by hallucinations and delusions that one is being followed or closely monitored

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 58

58) Negative cognitive style not only makes one vulnerable to depression, it also increases the chances of experiencing stressful and depressing events in much the same way that genetic makeup can help shape the environment in gene-environment correlations

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 59

59) The most common negative symptoms experienced by schizophrenics are hallucinations and delusions

a. True

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b. False

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Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 60

60) Anxiety disorders have a high likelihood of coexisting or overlapping with one another and with other types of disorders

a. True

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b. False

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Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 61

61) According to Wakefield, _ occurs when a psychological attribute or mechanism fails to perform the function for which it was shaped through evolution by natural selection.

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a. dysfunction

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 62

62) Anxiety disorders have a high likelihood of coexisting or overlapping with one another and with other types of disorders, a problem called _.

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a. comorbidity

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Title: Chapter 18 - Question 63

63) For those who go on to develop panic disorder, a large number also develop _—a fear of being in public places, crowds, or potentially unsafe situations from which escape would be difficult.

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a. agoraphobia

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 64

64) Experiences of extremely severe trauma which evoke horror, feelings of helplessness, and fear for one’s life or the lives of those for whom one cares, may result in ____.

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a. Post-traumatic stress disorder

b. PTSD

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 18 - Question 65

65) ___ is the rarest but also the most crippling of the anxiety disorders.

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a. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

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Title: Chapter 18 - Question 66

66) The __ theory of anxiety disorders, proposes that anxiety disorders result from the interaction of general biological vulnerability, _ general vulnerability and specific psychological vulnerability.

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a. Triple vulnerability; psychological

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Title: Chapter 18 - Question 67

67) Schizophrenia is the most common of the _ disorders, those that are characterized by severely impaired ability to grasp reality.

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a. psychotic

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Title: Chapter 18 - Question 68

68) _ are false sensory experiences, such as hearing voices, while _ are incorrect and grossly distorted thoughts and beliefs, not widely shared by other members of one’s culture.

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a. Hallucinations; delusions

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 18 – Question 69

69) The __ model of psychological disorder proposes that mental illness is most likely to be found in a person who has both genetic vulnerability to the condition and exposure to life experiences which contribute to the onset of the illness.

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a. Diathesis stress

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Title: Chapter 18 - Question 70

70) _ is the cognitive ability to perceive one’s own thoughts, emotions, motives, and goals.

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a. Metarepresentation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18, Question 71

71) Both the DSM view and the myth of mental illness view of mental disorders recognize the difficulty of defining psychological dysfunction. Discuss two points of controversy about definitions of psychological dysfunction, harmful dysfunction, and personal distress. Use examples from research and the textbook

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Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18, Question 72

72) Among the causes for depression, genetic vulnerability and cognitive vulnerability are often heavily researched. Describe what is meant by both terms and explain the difference between helplessness, hopelessness, and negative cognitive triad

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Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18, Question 73

73) Though depressive disorders and anxiety disorders are common, they also may be over diagnosed. Identify two potential harms of over diagnosis for both depression and anxiety disorder

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Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 18, Question 74

74) The genetic and neurodevelopmental causes of schizophrenia have been extensively researched. Describe three examples of findings related to those types of causes

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