Ch.17 Exam Questions Emotion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 1

1) These psychological states are typically less intense than emotions, but may pervade a person’s life for days, weeks, months, or possibly even years at a time.

a. affects

b. feelings

c. moods

d. arousals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 2

2) Psychologists use this term to describe the general quality of feelings and emotions.

a. mood

b. affect

c. arousal

d. activation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 3

3) From an evolutionary perspective, it makes sense that many of our basic emotions are negative rather than positive because

a. harmful situations may have commanded our attention to a greater degree than situations that were benign or helpful

b. the only helpful situation that resulted in an emotion was sexual intercourse

c. humans that displayed more aggressiveness tended to pass on more of their emotional traits to future generations

d. the likelihood of experiencing a harmful situation is less than experiencing a helpful situation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 4

4) According to Damasio (1994), after Elliot suffered damage to a circuit between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala, and his emotional experiences were blocked from consciousness, Elliot’s decision making

a. became more rational and efficient

b. led to a promotion at work

c. became dysfunctional and unintelligent

d. stayed relatively the same as before his injury

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 5

5) The ability to identify, manage, and express one’s emotions constructively and to empathize with the emotions of others has been termed

a. intrapersonal intelligence

b. emotional intelligence

c. intersocial intelligence

d. social intelligence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 6

6) Members of all nationalities, cultures, and both sexes agree on this dimension of ideal affect, that is, we all want to “feel good” rather than “feel bad.”

a. valence

b. activation

c. arousal

d. excitement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 7

7) Which of the following descriptions of ideal affect describes the dimension known as activation?

a. Bob enjoys stamp collecting because he likes the colors of the stamps.

b. Emily enjoys action movies mainly because they are exciting and stimulating.

c. Mary hardly every calls her parents for fear that they might intrude on her happiness.

d. Jackson prefers to listen to music that matches his mood.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 8

8) According to basic emotion theorists, basic emotions are innate, entirely distinct, and can be compared to

a. the set of primary colours that can be blended to make other colours

b. the multitude of traits that make up the human personality

c. the number of cells in the retina of each eye

d. the distinctiveness of individual snowflakes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 9

9) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a basic emotion by most psychologists?

a. fear

b. surprise

c. disgust

d. anxiety

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 10

10) Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial muscles were involved in creating the expressions of basic emotion, and he has catalogued these muscular configurations into a coding scheme known as the

a. facial action coding system

b. emotion representation system

c. facial manipulation schema

d. system of orbicularis oculi

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 11

11) In certain cultures or subcultures one is expected to express grief at funerals of loved ones by wailing, weeping, and pounding the coffin. The cultural standards for such behaviour are called

a. emotion schemas

b. facial recognition

c. display rules

d. activation displays

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 12

12) According to an online survey conducted by the Science Museum, how many lies on average do British adults tell each day?

a. 2

b. 7

c. 1

d. 16

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 13

13) Which of the following is NOT among Ekman’s dimensions of variation for display rules?

a. intensifying

b. neutralizing

c. masking

d. elaborating

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 14

14) According to research, people can tell when someone is lying about

a. 50% of the time

b. 10% of the time

c. 90% of the time

d. 75% of the time

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 15

15) All of the following are reasons why lie detection is difficult, EXCEPT:

a. the cues that a person is lying are faint

b. the cues that a person is lying are obvious

c. a person may be nervous when telling the truth and when lying

d. people are not easy to lie to under laboratory conditions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 16

16) Cognitive psychologists have determined that telling a lie is more demanding such that it increases a person’s

a. perception threshold

b. just-noticeable difference

c. cognitive load

d. affective reasoning

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 17

17) This early theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating

a. James-Lange theory

b. Cannon-Bard theory

c. two-factor theory

d. cognitive appraisal theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 18

18) This theory of emotion asserts that when some sort of emotion-laden event is perceived, the sensory impulses are relayed to the thalamus first. The thalamus in turn stimulates both the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex at about the same time.

a. James-Lange theory

b. Cannon-Bard theory

c. two-factor theory

d. cognitive appraisal theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 19

19) The main weakness of both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion is that neither theory addressed

a. the implicit memory that we have for emotional situations

b. the input of the emotional environment on our well-being

c. the cognitive activity that must take place to experience an emotion

d. the nature of the emotional response in terms of motivation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 20

20) Researchers found that injecting people with stimulant drugs that simulate the physiological fight-or-flight response led to different emotional experiences when participants were exposed to an agitated experimenter or a humorous experimenter. This is consistent with which theory of emotion?

a. James-Lange theory

b. Cannon-Bard theory

c. two-factor theory

d. cognitive appraisal theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 21

21) According to this theory of emotion, the emotional experience is a cognitive appraisal of the autonomic nervous system activity that preceded the emotion.

a. James-Lange theory

b. Cannon-Bard theory

c. two-factor theory

d. cognitive appraisal theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 22

22) According to the cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion, the cognitive appraisal of an event

a. precedes the emotional or physiological changes

b. counteracts the emotional or physiological changes

c. is often confused with the physiological changes

d. is directly related to the motivation that one has to change the event

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 23

23) According to research by LeDoux, the amygdala is activated during many emotions, but appears to be the most important brain region responsible for

a. sexual responses

b. fear responses

c. anger responses

d. approach responses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 24

24) This direct pathway from this area of the brain to the amygdala accounts for the fact that we can respond instantly with fear to the appearance of potentially threatening visual or auditory stimuli.

a. corpus callosum

b. hypothalamus

c. thalamus

d. prefrontal cortex

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 25

25) According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.

a. sensory emotion

b. physiological theory

c. embodied emotion

d. reactivating emotion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 26

26) Researchers found that simply having the muscles of the cheeks associated with smiling lifted with bandages increased happiness ratings in a group of volunteers. This study is consistent with this theory of emotion

a. James-Lange theory

b. Cannon-Bard theory

c. two-factor theory

d. embodied emotion theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 27

27) This emotion is generally the reaction to an unpleasant event or idea, but can also be a personality trait.

a. anxiety

b. fear

c. anger

d. contempt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 28

28) According to this notion, you may be able to push anger around and situate it in various places in your mind, but you cannot get rid of it without expressing it.

a. two-factor theory

b. hydraulic model of emotion

c. general aggression model

d. psychoanalytic release

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 29

29) This term, derived from the Greek word for “cleansing,” was first described by Sigmund Freud and is usually referred to as venting

a. catharsis

b. Oedipus complex

c. anima

d. animus

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 30

30) Recent studies suggest that venting at something other than the specific person who angered you is likely to

a. make you feel relaxed

b. enhance your catharsis technique

c. enhance your physique

d. make you feel more angry

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 31

31) When psychologists refer to happiness, they are talking about

a. specific instances of intense joy

b. the basic emotion of enjoyment

c. general fulfilment and well-being

d. the prospect of attaining eternal joy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 32

32) Since the 1950s, psychological surveys about happiness have suggested that people believe that they would be happier if they had more

a. sex

b. intimate friendships

c. money

d. social resources

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 33

33) Psychologist Ed Diener has found that income is related to happiness primarily in terms of a person’s

a. emotional well-being

b. social psychological prosperity

c. standard of living

d. respect in the community

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 34

34) Having a lot of money may increase your level of happiness if you often spend your money on

a. charitable giving

b. lifestyle and travel

c. material possessions

d. food and drink

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 35

35) There is strong evidence that a tendency toward happiness is inherited and is related to

a. neuroticism

b. temperament

c. attachment style

d. parenting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 36

36) Over our lifetimes, the level of happiness we experience tends to

a. be fixed from birth

b. vary around a “set point,” similar to our baseline body weight

c. vary wildly, especially during later life

d. decrease as we enter old age

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 37

37) Research suggests that about 50% of one’s level of happiness is determined by one’s

a. intentional activities

b. life circumstances

c. happiness set point

d. social development

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 38

38) A smile of genuine enjoyment is known as a

a. Duchenne smile

b. Ekman smile

c. genuine smile

d. FACS smile

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 39

39) The human fear response is regulated by two pathways, one of which runs to the cerebral cortex. This pathway is

a. highly sensitive to fear-provoking stimuli

b. highly specific so that it responds to only certain fear-provoking stimuli

c. often hijacked by the activity in the thalamus

d. only sensitive to visual fear-provoking stimuli

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 40

40) According to this view of emotion, the sights, sounds, physiological processes, and patterns of body movement that occur during experience of the emotion are encoded in clusters of neurons assigned to each of these various sensory modalities.

a. sensory emotion

b. physiological theory

c. embodied emotion

d. reactivating emotion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 41

41) According to this hypothesis, activating the muscles that form facial expressions associated with basic emotions can sometimes create the experience of having an emotion.

a. orbicularis oculi hypothesis

b. imitation hypothesis

c. facial feedback hypothesis

d. facial empathy hypothesis

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 42

42) In a study of police officers evaluating statements made on video tape, the officers’ average accuracy in detecting lies was

a. 86%

b. 50%

c. 15%

d. 72%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 43

43) Which of the following is NOT a correct statement

a. Telling a lie is more demanding on a person’s cognitive resources than telling the truth

b. Lying increases cognitive load

c. Emotions linked to lying may be linked to truth-telling as well

d. On average, people can tell a truth from a lie around 80% of time

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 44

44) The cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotion was proposed by

a. Jerome Singer

b. Joseph LeDoux

c. Richard Lazarus

d. Stanley Schachter

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 45

45) Oishi and colleagues (2018) found evidence that

a. Progressive taxation appears to be good for happiness

b. Regressive taxation appears to be good for happiness

c. There is no difference in happiness depending on different forms of taxation

d. Taxation per se is negatively associated with happiness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 46

46) Ekman and Friesen (1975) found that American subjects rarely varied their reactions to a film while sitting alone and in the presence of others, however Japanese subjects were more likely to keep their reactions to a minimum in the presence of others. This has been used for evidence

a. that Japanese subjects are more shy than American subjects

b. that there are cultural norms and expectations that govern what is or is not a socially acceptable way to display emotion

c. that there was bias in the samples selected for the experiment

d. that display rules do not exist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 47

47) Neutralizing refers to

a. the complete hiding of emotions

b. when one is expected to intensity their emotions because of the social situations

c. pretending to feel a certain emotion while actually feeling a different one

d. the process of change from an intense emotion to a less intense emotion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 48

48) The first cognitive theory, known as the two-factor theory of emotion was devised by

a. Jerome Singer

b. Joseph LeDoux

c. Richard Lazarus

d. Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 49

49) An emotion can be defined as a

a. feeling state that is typically less intense than an mood, but which may last for a much longer time

b. more general feeling state which provides the ‘raw material’ from which emotions and moods are created

c. short-lived, intense psychological state with physiological elements and the subjective experience of a feeling

d. the ability to identify, manage, and express one’s mood constructively and to empathize with others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Part 5, Chapter 17, Question 50

50) High emotional intelligence is associated with the following positive outcomes, EXCEPT

a. Academic performance

b. Organizational leadership

c. Personal relationships

d. The frequency of lying

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 51

51) Although most of us prefer to experience pleasant emotions, the number of possible unpleasant emotional states greatly outnumbers the number of pleasant ones

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 52

52) There seems to be little variation across cultures regarding the level of activation we prefer in emotional experiences

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 53

53) Each of the basic emotions is entirely distinct—a person simply cannot confuse enjoyment/happiness with fear, sadness with disgust, or contempt with surprise

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 54

54) In cross-cultural studies of facial emotion recognition the American participants used the eyes to diagnose the emotion, whereas the Japanese participants tended to use the mouth

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 55

55) Display rules are implicit standards and expectations that regulate the way emotion is displayed in a given culture

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 – Question 56

56) The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 57

57) In most public opinion polls conducted worldwide, relatively few people report being generally happy or satisfied

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 58

58) The hydraulic model of emotions was popularized in the work of Sigmund Freud, and continues to be the best general explanation of anger and venting

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 59

59) According to the facial feedback hypothesis, activating the muscles that form facial expressions associated with basic emotions can not only increase the intensity of the corresponding emotion if one already feels it, but can sometimes actually create the experience of emotion

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 60

60) The two-factor theory differs from the James-Lange theory in that James and Lange believed that the generation of emotion was a virtually automatic response to physiological arousal, without the necessity of “higher order” cognitive processes intervening

a. True

b. False

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 61

61) Paul Ekman eventually discovered that specific facial muscles were involved in creating the expressions of basic emotion, and he has catalogued these muscular configurations into a coding scheme known as the ____.

a. Facial action coding system

b. FACS

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 62

62) The __ theory of emotion asserts that we are happy because we are smiling, sad because we are crying, and frightened because our hearts are racing and our palms are sweating.

a. James-Lange

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 63

63) According to Cannon and Bard, when some sort of emotion-laden event is perceived, the sensory impulses are relayed to the _, which then stimulates the autonomic nervous system and cerebral cortex

a. thalamus

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 64

64) Researchers estimated that about 50% of one’s level of happiness is determined by ___, 10% by one’s life circumstances, and 40% by one’s “intentional activities.”

a. happiness set point

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 65

65) The ___ theory of emotion states that autonomic nervous system arousal occurs not directly, but only after the thought or event has been appraised so that the meaning of the event is interpreted by the person.

a. cognitive-motivational-relational

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 66

66) The relief one may experience by expressing emotion is termed _, which comes from the Greek word for “cleansing.”

a. catharsis

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 67

67) Telling a lie is more _ on a person’s cognitive resources than telling the truth, and increases __.

a. Demanding; cognitive load

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 68

68) Although we all experience similar emotions, there are __ in which emotions have a name and in how we _ and read emotion from facial expressions.

a. cultural; display

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 69

69) The __ hypothesis argues that the facial expression associated with a basic emotion increases the intensity experience of that emotion.

a. facial feedback

Type: fill-in-blank

Title: Chapter 17 - Question 70

70) This cathartic strategy that has been found to significantly benefit physical and mental health, and involves writing about one’s feelings is known as _.

a. scriptotherapy

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17, Question 71

71) Researchers agree that there is a basic set of emotions that are particularly well represented across different cultures. Identify all of the basic emotions and describe some of Paul Ekman’s research on the facial action coding system and display rules

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17, Question 72

72) There are four general theories about how emotions are triggered by activation of the nervous system. Briefly describe all four theories and discuss how none of the theories is necessarily better than any of the other

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17, Question 73

73) Happiness is an important goal in most people’s lives. Discuss genetic and cultural/environmental reasons why some people are happier than others

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 17, Question 74

74) What is meant by embodied emotion? In your answer make reference to research into facial feedback.