Chapter.15 Test Bank Women And Politics

CHAPTER 15

Women and Politics

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was the first woman elected to the House of Commons?

1. Kim Campbell
2. Agnes Macphail
3. Nellie McClung
4. Ellen Fairclough
5. Cairine Wilson

2. Which of the following is not a significant event in women's progress towards legal and political equality in Canada?

1. In 1929, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overturns the Supreme Court's decision in the Persons case.
2. In 1930, the first woman was appointed to the Senate.
3. In 1921, the first woman was elected to federal parliament.
4. In 1918, women were granted franchise in federal elections.
5. In 1919, the first women's post-secondary institution was established.

3. In 1929 the Supreme Court of Canada addressed which question?

1. Whether the Canadian Labour Code should be amended to permit maternity leave
2. Whether women had access to post-secondary education
3. Whether Canada's abortion law and affiliated provisions of the Canadian Criminal Code were constitutional
4. Whether women had the status of persons under certain laws
5. Whether women should be granted the franchise

4. Who said, "One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman"?

1. Simone de Beauvoir
2. Nellie McClung
3. Irene Parlby
4. Henrietta Muir Edwards
5. Emily Murphy

5. Until a few decades ago, popular opinion and scientific consensus agreed that biological attributes of the sexes played a major role in the determination of which of the following?

1. Their general abilities
2. Their intellectual aptitudes
3. Their personality traits
4. Their social roles
5. All of the above

6. Which of the following was an objective of the first wave of the women's movement?

1. Protecting the family and traditional values
2. Extending voting rights
3. Achieving labour reforms geared towards encouraging men and women to work together and perform the same jobs for equal pay and benefits
4. Both A and B
5. All of the above

7. Which of the following was a not a cause that was central to the character of the early women's movement in Canada?

1. Child labour law reforms
2. Educational reform
3. Public service reform
4. Free publication of works illustrating women's lives
5. Temperance

8. Arguments that women were the morally superior sex and that their participation in politics would make the world a better, more civilized place formed the basis of what branch of feminism?

1. Second-wave feminism
2. Maternal feminism
3. Third-wave feminism
4. Socialist feminism
5. Postmodern feminism

9. Maternal feminists accepted which of the following assumptions?

1. Men and women should be relegated to the spheres biology assigned to them.
2. Men are the physically superior sex.
3. Gender role differences are the inevitable product of biology.
4. Gender roles are a product of the social conditions in which people are raised.
5. Women had to separate themselves into a distinct society.

10. What is the premise of the second wave of the women's movement?

1. Men, who tend to have more aggressive approaches, are better suited to politics.
2. Gender role differences are not inherent; they are socially constructed.
3. Anything men could do, women could do better.
4. Forgoing the need for full equality, partial gains for women were sufficient.
5. No more little white gloves

11. When was Olympe de Gouges' book Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen published?

1. 1891
2. 1791
3. 1918
4. 1991
5. 1819

12. What contributes to the under-representation of women in public life?

1. The provisions in political party constitutions
2. The professional and political networking abilities of men and women
3. The potential earning power of men and women
4. The different roles played by men and women in the family and the social learning that prepares them for these roles
5. Supreme Court decisions

13. Who said, "It is necessary to society that women should marry and produce children. They will not do so unless they are compelled. Therefore it is necessary to compel them."

1. Friedrich Engels
2. Simone de Beauvoir
3. Margaret Mead
4. John Stuart Mill
5. Karl Marx

14. How does John Stuart Mill analogize the condition of (married) women in society?

1. Legalized division of labour
2. Legalized subordination
3. Legalized slavery
4. Legalized abuse
5. None of the above

15. What argument did John Stuart Mill make about married women?

1. The subservient condition of a married woman would not be voluntarily chosen by many women, especially women capable of doing something else.
2. The subservient condition of a married woman would be voluntarily chosen by many women, especially women capable of doing something else.
3. The subservient condition of a married woman is mandated by the Bible and is therefore not negotiable.
4. The subservient condition of a married woman is happily assumed until her children are independent and married.
5. The subservient condition of a married woman is happily assumed.

16. Friedrich Engels sought to show that that the subservience of women to men within the family, and by extension, in society is which of the following?

1. Based on religious foundations
2. Based on historical foundations
3. A thing of the past
4. Based on economic foundations
5. Based on cultural foundations

17. How did Engels analogize the relationship between man and woman within the institution of marriage?

1. To that of doctors and patients
2. To that of a board of directors and stock/shareholders in a corporation
3. To that of teachers and students in a classroom
4. To that of upper-middle management and entry level employees in the workplace
5. To that of the bourgeoisie and the proletariat in society

18. What percentage of the Montreal labour force in the 1890s was comprised of women?

1. 54 per cent
2. 48 per cent
3. 50 per cent
4. 58 per cent
5. 20 per cent

19. At one time in 2013, how many premiers were female?

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four
5. Five

20. What year did women in Manitoba gain the right to vote?

1. 1896
2. 1949
3. 1916
4. 1930
5. 1870

21. As of 2016, what percentage of the senior officers of federal Crown corporations was female?

1. 33 per cent
2. 43 per cent
3. 23 per cent
4. 63 per cent
5. 53 per cent

22. Which of the parties had a female leader in the 2011 federal election?

1. Green Party
2. Liberal Party
3. New Democratic Party
4. Canadian Alliance
5. Bloc Québécois

23. Since Justice Bertha Wilson became the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada, how many women have been appointed to the Supreme Court?

1. 12
2. Four
3. 10
4. Six
5. Eight

24. Approximately what percentage of all federally appointed judges are women?

1. 11 per cent
2. 51 per cent
3. 21 per cent
4. 41 per cent
5. 31 per cent

25. Which of the five main parties had the highest percentage of female candidates in the 2019 election?

1. NDP
2. Liberals
3. Conservative
4. Green
5. Bloc Québécois

26. What year did women in Newfoundland and Labrador gain the right to vote?

1. 1916
2. 1949
3. 1870
4. 1925
5. 1896

27. What phrase did Sylvia Bashevkin use to describe the political participation gap between males and females?

1. The rungs on the ladder are disappearing.
2. The lower, the fewer
3. A level playing field
4. The glass ceiling is about to shatter.
5. The higher, the fewer

28. What explains different levels of interest in public life?

1. Social learning
2. Convention/traditions
3. Economic standing
4. Educational levels
5. Age

29. What year did women in Prince Edward Island gain the right to vote?

1. 1870
2. 1896
3. 1918
4. 1949
5. 1922

30. What year was the Wartime Elections Act passed?

1. 1896
2. 1949
3. 1922
4. 1870
5. 1917

31. In 1970 what percentage of the workforce was female?

1. 20 per cent
2. 40 per cent
3. 50 per cent
4. 10 per cent
5. 30 per cent

32. In 1950 what percentage of the workforce was female?

1. 30 per cent
2. 10 per cent
3. 20 per cent
4. 50 per cent
5. 40 per cent

33. In matters of law and property, a woman was subsumed under the person of her father and, after marriage, her husband. This state of affairs has been the focus of calls for reform by whom?

1. Ellen Fairclough
2. Mary Wollstonecraft
3. Elizabeth Blackwell
4. Abigail Adams
5. Emily Murphy

34. What observation did John Stuart Mill refute against in arguments promoting political and legal inequality of men and women?

1. Granting equal rights to women will not promote the interests of society.
2. The subjugation of women to men is natural.
3. The rule of men over women is accepted voluntarily by the female population.
4. What good could possibly come from extending full political and legal rights to women?
5. All of the above

35. Which of the following is not an issue on which the early women's movement focused?

1. Political rights
2. Legal rights
3. Social reforms
4. Abortion rights
5. Anti-militarism

36. Which of the following is not an issue on which the early women's movement focused?

1. Prison abolishment
2. Pensions for widowed mothers
3. Working conditions for women
4. Alcohol abuse
5. Child labour

37. Which province was first to extend political rights to women?

1. Alberta
2. Manitoba
3. Newfoundland and Labrador
4. Prince Edward Island
5. Quebec

38. What province was last to extend political rights to women?

1. Alberta
2. Nova Scotia
3. New Brunswick
4. Newfoundland
5. Quebec

39. Why was Quebec the last province to extend political rights to women?

1. Opposition from the Catholic Church
2. Opposition from wealthy political supporters
3. Complications with gender parity provisions of separatist party constitutions
4. Complications with the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
5. Quebec was not the last province to extend political rights to women.

40. What piece of legislation extended voting rights to the small number of women serving in the military and to females whose male relatives were in military service?

1. The Wartime Elections Act
2. The Election Reform Act
3. The Military Personnel and Dependents Act
4. The Reform Elections Act
5. The Canadian Forces and Administration Act

41. Why were early feminists reluctant to rely on established political parties for reform?

1. Even very egalitarian men politicians expressed sexist views.
2. The attitudes of political parties were not supportive of the goals of the women's movement.
3. Early feminists did not work within the existing system, as it was considered oppressive.
4. Political parties rejected the issue-based approach of the women's movement.
5. Party leaders were often dismissive and hostile towards women's concerns.

42. Why did the successes of a few women have a negligible impact on the political and social status of women in general?

1. The nature of early feminism
2. The attitudes of society
3. The party system
4. Both A and C
5. All of the above

43. Which of the following is not an explanation as to why second wave feminism was more effective than the early women's movement?

1. The second wave's secular attitude was much more in keeping with the post-1950s climate.
2. The second wave challenged conventional views of sexuality as part of its argument.
3. The second wave effectively appealed to the public's conventional views, rather than protesting.
4. Women's participation in the labour force had increased since the first wave.
5. The expansion of the service economy led to a domination of service jobs by women.

44. Which of the following is not an explanation favoured by economists to explain the increase in the presence of married women working outside the home?

1. Labour-saving household appliances and higher female educational attainment have produced feelings of boredom and dissatisfaction in the home, leading increasing numbers of women to seek outside employment.
2. As real wages associated with some "female" jobs increased, outside employment appeared increasingly attractive to women.
3. Falling real family incomes compelled women to enter the work force to maintain the household's purchasing power.
4. As women attained higher academic achievements, focusing on their careers became a higher priority, forcing their traditional responsibilities to take a back seat.
5. All of the above are favoured explanations.

45. What year was Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique published?

1. 1943
2. 1970
3. 1983
4. 1950
5. 1963

46. What year was Germaine Greer's The Female Eunuch published?

1. 1950
2. 1963
3. 1970
4. 1943
5. 1983

47. Most pre-Charter litigation on sexual equality resulted in defeats for women's claims, with the exception of which case?

1. Vriend case
2. Morgentaler case
3. Chaoulli case
4. Persons case
5. Oakes case

48. What section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms may women's rights groups turn to for legal and constitutional protection of their rights?

1. Section 15
2. Section 23
3. Section 28
4. Section 35
5. Both A and C

49. What aspect of judicial interpretation have feminists argued undermine sexual equality guarantees of the Charter?

1. The court's unwillingness to elevate equality rights over other rights and freedoms guaranteed in the Charter
2. A tendency of judges to interpret equality in formal rather than substantive terms
3. The necessity to respect the separation of powers among government branches and to engage in appropriate dialogue with the legislative branch when proscribing remedies
4. A recent goal of achieving judicial consensus when interpreting the law and rendering decisions
5. Both A and B

50. Which of the following is a category of modern feminist achievements?

1. Legislative reform
2. Improvements in the material/social conditions of women
3. Changes in the process of decision-making
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

51. Who led the federal NDP from 1989 to 1995?

1. Kim Campbell
2. Alexa McDonough
3. Audrey McLaughlin
4. Lisa Raitt
5. Rona Ambrose

52. By 1970, what percentage of married women worked outside of the home?

1. 30 per cent
2. 50 per cent
3. 20 per cent
4. 40 per cent
5. 10 per cent

53. What year did the #MeToo movement gain momentum?

1. 2017
2. 1917
3. 1947
4. 1967
5. 1987

54. As of 2019, how many federal and provincial parliamentarians and legislators were women?

1. One in three
2. One in two
3. One in four
4. One in five
5. One in six

55. As of 2019, how many municipal councillors were women?

1. One in four
2. One in two
3. One in six
4. One in three
5. One in five

56. What percentage of seats were won by women in the 1988 federal election?

1. 7 per cent
2. 3 per cent
3. 50 per cent
4. 23 per cent
5. 13 per cent

57. Who was the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada?

1. Beverley McLachlin
2. Louise Charron
3. Andromache Karakatsanis
4. Louise Arbour
5. Bertha Wilson

58. When was the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada?

1. 1982
2. 1999
3. 1989
4. 2004
5. 2014

59. As of 2018, how many CEOs of the 100 leading businesses listed on the composite Standard & Poors/Toronto Stock Exchange were women?

1. 50 of 100
2. 40 of 100
3. 10 of 100
4. 25 of 100
5. 1 of 100

60. Who led the federal NDP from 1995 to 2002?

1. Alexa McDonough
2. Rona Ambrose
3. Lisa Raitt
4. Audrey McLaughlin
5. Kim Campbell

True or False Questions

1. The 1929 Persons case determined that women should be considered people under the law.

2. The first wave of the women's movement, dedicated to extending voting rights to women, did not take place until the 1900s.

3. Nellie McClung is one of the pioneers of the Canadian women's movement.

4. Women make up less than 50 per cent of the Canadian population.

5. While there has been a female prime minister, there has never been a woman premier.

6. The average income of a full-time female worker in 2013 was 82.4 per cent of what the average male earned.

7. In the 2011 federal election, approximately 70 per cent of the candidates were men.

8. The early women's movement was focused on political rights, legal rights, and social reform.

9. In 1916, Ontario became the first province to allow women the right to vote.

10. Quebec was the last province to allow women the right to vote.

11. Beginning in the late 1800s, the objects of the women's movement focused on extending voting rights to women and on legal and social reforms geared towards the protection of the family and traditional values.

12. Early suffragists steered clear of organizations promoting such causes as temperance, educational reform, child labour laws, and public service reform.

13. Agnes Macphail was elected to the House of Commons for the riding of Grey Southeast in the 1921 federal election.

14. Early industrialization saw positive developments for the women's movement.

15. The mainstream organizations of the women's movement were politically moderate in terms of their goals and their strategies for attaining them.

16. After only one year of campaigning, Manitoba women gained the right to vote.

17. Opposition from the Catholic Church in Quebec blocked political rights for women until 1940.

18. The Wartime Elections Act of 1917 extended federal voting rights to the relatively small number of women serving in the military and to the much larger pool of females whose male relatives were in military service.

19. The first woman was appointed to the Senate in 1940.

20. Prime Minister Mackenzie King appointed the first woman to the Senate.

21. Sexism was known as the "problem that has no name".

22. Female participation in the workforce remained the same between 1950 and 1970.

23. In the first four years after the equality section came into effect, 44 cases of sexual discrimination under section 15 were decided by the courts.

24. Third wave feminism has clear and agreed upon objectives.

25. By 2004, the National Action Committee on the Status of Women no longer had enough money to staff a permanent office and answers its phones.

Short Answer Questions

1. What were some of the key elements of the first wave of the women's movement?

2. Who was Agnes Macphail?

3. From a psychological perspective, why aren't more women involved in public life?

4. From the perspective of status and personal achievements, why aren't more women involved in public life?

5. What is the relationship between industrialization and women?

6. What are the political tactics employed by early mainstream women's groups?

7. What was the nature of early feminism?

8. What has been the role of sexuality in the women's movement?

9. What role did economic change play in the second wave of the women's movement?

10. What is the word "sexism" meant to portray?

11. What was the connection between the first wave of feminism and religious conviction?

12. What were some of the first provincial landmarks in terms of the suffrage movement?

13. Discuss women gaining the vote and the right to hold office at the federal level.

14. How has the exploitation of female workers been an important concern of social feminists?

15. How was the term "sexism" coined?

Essay Questions

1. "The higher, the fewer." What does this mean and what evidence is there that this is in fact the case?

2. Discuss the roots of early feminism, focusing particularly on events and figures from Canadian history.

3. What factors contributed to the emergence of modern feminism in the 1950s and 1960s?

4. Explain the organization and strategies for the influence of the modern feminist movement in Canada.

5. Explain whether and why you think that a feminist movement, including women's organizations, is still necessary in Canada.

6. What were John Stuart Mill's contributions to the discussion of women and society?

7. What were Friedrich Engels' contributions to the discussion of women and society?

8. What were the expectations and the impact of the Charter on women's equality?

9. What is the concept of intersectionality?

10. What clash took place between older and newer feminist in the early 1990s?