Chapter 12: Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. According to the 2016 Uniform Crime Report, approximately ______ drug arrests were made in 2016.

a. 500,000

b. 1.5 million

c. 3 million

d. 15 million

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Federal law requires all sentenced federal drug offenders to serve at least ______ of their imposed sentence.

a. 20 percent

b. 50 percent

c. 87 percent

d. 99 percent

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which statement is TRUE about the war on drugs?

a. It decreased the availability of drugs.

b. It created an increase in the prison population.

c. It provided user with opportunities for treatment.

d. It reduced illicit drug use.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Dr. Park's research examines how genetic factors predispose an individual to drug abuse. Dr. Park is most likely which of these?

a. a functionalist

b. a bio-psychologist

c. a conflict theorist

d. a feminist

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Drug Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. From a sociological perspective, which is a concern with biological and psychological theories of drug abuse?

a. They argue that the abuser needs to be fixed.

b. They can’t help us understand drug abuse.

c. They don’t offer effective treatment modalities.

d. They can’t explain the social or structural determinants of drug abuse.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Drug Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Annie has insufficient resources to deal with a number of demanding situations that are arising at her place of work. As a result, she has started to drink every night. Functionalists might say that Annie is suffering from which of these?

a. role conflict

b. role confusion

c. role strain

d. role anomie

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Leana’s society is undergoing a rapid cultural change as technology has replaced traditional craft and religious activities. Which theorist would predict that this will lead to a change in social norms which may also influence deviant behaviors?

a. Émile Durkheim

b. C. Wright Mills

c. Edwin Sutherland

d. Howard Becker

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which theory might point out that drug testing is likely to punish the poor?

a. interactionist theories

b. conflict theories

c. functionalist theories

d. feminist theories

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Data suggests that the dramatic increase in women’s imprisonment is due primarily to which of these?

a. lack of childcare

b. accessibility of cocaine

c. gender equality

d. the war on drugs

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Research indicates that ______ are about ten times more likely than other women to be reported to civil authorities for drug use.

a. Asian American women

b. Native American women

c. Hispanic women

d. African American women

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of these theories would say that we learn to use and misuse drugs following the norms and behaviors of our peer group?

a. role strain theory

b. labeling theory

c. differential association

d. control theory

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interactionist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. One persistent societal myth maintains that as a group, Native Americans have problems handling alcohol. However, research indicates that a factor such as ______ may explain high rates of alcohol related problems in this population.

a. differential association

b. demography

c. biology

d. role strain

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interactionist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which perspective would be likely to point out the importance of considering how society responds to and labels people who use certain types of drugs?

a. functionalist

b. interactionist

c. feminist

d. conflict

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Interactionist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The use of any drug or medication for a reason other than which it was intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed which can lead to clinically significant impairment or distress is referred to as which of these?

a. drug abuse

b. drug rehabilitation

c. drug addiction

d. drug codependency

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What is Drug Abuse?

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The physical or psychological dependence on a drug or medication is known as which of these?

a. drug abuse

b. drug rehabilitation

c. drug addiction

d. drug codependency

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What is Drug Abuse?

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which individual is using an illicit drug?

a. Liz, who smokes a pack of cigarettes per day

b. Shay, who drinks a six-pack of beer every night

c. Jack, who smokes cigars on special occasions

d. Tess, who takes Ketamine at a rave party

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What is Drug Abuse?

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which of these symptoms is NOT associated with alcoholism?

a. loss of control

b. needing less alcohol to achieve the effects

c. physical dependence

d. craving

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following groups of U.S. college students has the lowest drinking rate in the United States?

a. Asian and black

b. American Indian and white

c. white and black

d. Asian and white

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of these factors put women particularly at risk of alcoholism?

a. gender socialization

b. sexual abuse

c. the social role of wife

d. the social role of mother

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The prevalence of smoking is highest among which of these groups in the United States?

a. African Americans

b. Alaska natives

c. Hispanics

d. whites

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tobacco and Nicotine

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which of these drugs kills more people worldwide than all drugs combined?

a. alcohol

b. tobacco

c. marijuana

d. opioids

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tobacco and Nicotine

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. In 2015, it was found that approximately ______ of the U.S. population reported the use current of a tobacco product.

a. 10 percent

b. 20 percent

c. 30 percent

d. 40 percent

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tobacco and Nicotine

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. What is the major active chemical in marijuana?

a. cannabis

b. SAMHA

c. ketamine

d. THC

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marijuana

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Acute marijuana has a number of side effects. Which of these is NOT one of those side effects?

a. lowered heart rate

b. impaired coordination and balance

c. impaired short-term memory

d. addiction

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marijuana

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. ______ Americans die each day from an opioid overdose.

a. 11

b. 41

c. 91

d. 1,000

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Opioid Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which perspective notes that certain individuals and groups who use drugs are labeled and this label shapes how society responds to them?

a. interactionism

b. conflict

c. functionalism

d. feminism

Learning Objective: 12-3: Describe the impact of drug use and discuss issues of treatment and punishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Opioid Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. MacDonald, Wells, and Wild (1999) found that problem drinking or drug use was linked to all but which of these?

a. drinking subculture at work

b. degree of autonomy at work

c. safety of the workplace

d. quality and organization of work

Learning Objective: 12-3: Describe the impact of drug use and discuss issues of treatment and punishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Use in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Of the workers below, which has the highest rate of current illicit drug use and heavy drinking?

a. construction workers

b. bartenders

c. food service staff

d. sales personnel

Learning Objective: 12-3: Describe the impact of drug use and discuss issues of treatment and punishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Use in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Infrequently drinking a large quantity of alcohol in a short period is called which of these?

a. toxic alcohol consumption

b. episodic high-risk drinking

c. black-out drinking

d. high-density drinking

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Problem Drinking Among Teens and Young Adults

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Based on their self reports of drinking, what percentage of college students meet the criteria for alcohol abuse?

a. 11 percent

b. 31 percent

c. 51 percent

d. 71 percent

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Problem Drinking Among Teens and Young Adults

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. The 1996 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study highlighted binge drinking among college students. Which group of students did they find most likely to be among the groups who binge drink?

a. non-traditional students

b. anti-social students

c. whites

d. members of honor societies

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Problem Drinking Among Teens and Young Adults

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which of the following is a common element of NIDA, the ONDCP, and the NIAAA?

a. They are all federally funded programs.

b. They were all signed into law by President Obama.

c. They have all advocated for the legalization of drugs.

d. They all target drug use among young people.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Federal Programs

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. What is the term for entirely removing drugs from the control of the law?

a. legalization

b. decriminalization

c. harm-reduction

d. mainstreaming

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Legalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. What is the term for keeping in place drug penalties but reducing their severity?

a. legalization

b. decriminalization

c. harm-reduction

d. mainstreaming

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Legalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which age cohort is most likely to support legalization of marijuana?

a. Silent

b. Boomers

c. Gen X

d. Millennials

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Legalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Which of these is TRUE of drug addiction and treatment in the U.S.?

a. Treatment is common as over three quarters of those who need treatment receive it.

b. Traditional treatment programs focus on treating families, not individuals.

c. The immediate goal of treatment is abstinence.

d. Research shows that treatment works to reduce drug intake and drug-related crimes.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Drug Treatment and Prevention Programs

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. Which of these is TRUE of The Fair Sentencing Act?

a. It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton.

b. It reduces the sentencing disparity in the amounts of powder cocaine and crack cocaine required for the imposition of mandatory minimum sentences.

c. It cannot be retroactively applied to cases that were sentenced before the act was signed.

d. It was abolished by Executive Order under the administration of Donald Trump.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Punishment or Treatment?

Difficulty Level: Hard

38. Which of these is TRUE of workplace strategies around drug treatment and prevention?

a. All employers are legally required to have drug-free workplaces.

b. Drug-testing in the workplace has been litigated as a challenge to employees’ right to privacy.

c. Drug-free workplaces have little to no effect on the use of drugs in the workplace.

d. Peer support groups are the most common ways that employers manage drug use in the workplace.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Drug Treatment and Prevention Programs

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. Which of these is TRUE of the Drug Free Communities Act?

a. It was intended to increase substance abuse reduction among the elderly.

b. It is directed by the Department of Justice.

c. It currently supports more than 700 coalitions of participants, community agencies, law enforcement, and other stakeholders.

d. International groups have been unable to adapt this specifically U.S.-focused program because it relies heavily on the norm of individualism.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Community Approaches

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Since 1980, the number of drug offenders in federal prison has dramatically decreased.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The United States has been involved in the war on drugs for the past 100 years.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Biological and psychological theories look for individual solutions to alcohol or drug abuse problems.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The most common illicitly used drug in the United States is prescription pain relievers.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Alcohol is the most abused drug in the United States.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Native Hawaiians and whites have among the lowest adult alcohol drinking rates in the United States.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. In 2015, 52 million Americans report current use of tobacco product.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Tobacco and Nicotine

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Opioids are a class of drugs used to reduce pain.

Learning Objective: 12-2: Define drug abuse and drug addiction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Opioid Use

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The stigma of opioid use in the U.S. differs depending on one’s race and social class.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Describe the impact of drug use and discuss issues of treatment and punishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Opioid Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. According to the findings of MacDonald, Wells, and Wild (1999), the presence of a drinking subculture at work is the strongest risk factor for alcohol and drug use.

Learning Objective: 12-3: Describe the impact of drug use and discuss issues of treatment and punishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Use in the Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. According to researchers, teens who binge drink are likely to naturally continue on to become full-blown alcoholics.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Problem Drinking Among Teens and Young Adults

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The Netherlands defines drug abuse as a phenomenon to be punished rather than treated.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Punishment or Treatment?

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The National Institute on Drug Abuse was established in 1984 as the federal office for research, treatment, and data collection on the nature of drug dependency.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. In 2016, the Trump administration requested $26 billion dollars for prevention, treatment, law enforcement and incarceration for 2018.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The U.S. medical and public health community is strongly supportive of drug legalization.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Opponents of drug legalization argue that drug users are more likely to engage in risky behaviors and criminal activity.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Federal Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Drug addiction is a treatable disorder with those who stay in treatment longer than three months having better outcomes than those who undergo shorter treatments.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Treatment and Prevention Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. All employers of more than five employees are required by law to have drug-free workplace programs.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Workplace Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Identify, compare and contrast two of the four sociological perspectives as to how they understand and explain the causes and solutions for drug and alcohol problems in the United States. Which of the perspectives that you selected do you find most useful in understanding this social problem and why?

• Functionalists point out the importance of norms and social structure in drug abuse. Students may select terms such as anomie and role strain.
• Conflict or feminist theorists focus on how economic, ethnic, and gender inequalities and power structures create drug policies and moral crusades. Feminists point out that scientific literature did not even broach the problem of women’s addiction until the 1970s. Both perspectives point out the inequalities resulting from policy decisions such as the war on drugs.
• Interactionists highlight the social construction of drug abuse as well as the ways in which drug use and alcohol consumption is learned (students should include the term differential association highlighting the importance of groups and contact). They can also show how groups such as Native Americans are stigmatized by labels that hide the complexity of the impact of alcoholism and the fact that a large segment of the Native population does not drink.

Learning Objective: 12-1: Explain how the different sociological perspectives account for alcohol and drug problems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Drug Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the difference between legalization and decriminalization. Discuss the pros and cons of both. Where do you stand and why?

Debates focus around harm reduction, the unworkability of current laws, the impact on individual’s health, the charge that drug users are more likely to engage in other types of risky and criminal behavior, potential increases in drug use and cost of crimes and treatment.

Students should cite evidence to show where they stand and why.

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Analysis

Answer Location: Drug Legalization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Identify and briefly describe the two forms of individual treatment. Which treatment option is more effective?

Learning Objective: 12-4: Evaluate political and social efforts to mitigate the negative effects of drug use.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Drug Treatment and Prevention Programs

Difficulty Level: Medium