Chapter 8: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ analysis is more specific than ______ analysis.

A. Quantitative; qualitative

B. Qualitative; quantitative

C. Qualitative; mixed methods

D. Mixed methods; quantitative

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Quantitative analysis is at times ______.

A. circular

B. triangular

C. linear

D. rectangular

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Creswell’s (2012) proposed stages of qualitative research include all but which of the following?

A. organizing and familiarizing

B. coding and reducing

C. interpreting and representing

D. triangulating and increasing

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Interviews, natural observation, focus groups, and archival data are all examples of what?

A. generating data

B. organizing data

C. triangulating data

D. interpreting data

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Lofland, Snow, Anderson, and Lofland (2006) proposed that there are ______ units of analysis or data collection for qualitative research.

A. six

B. seven

C. eight

D. nine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Social practices are defined as the ______ unit of analysis in social settings and are characterized by repetition of communications and behaviors in interactions.

A. smallest

B. largest

C. most robust

D. leading

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A second type of data unit analysis, ______, has been characterized as unusual dramatic experiences.

A. rituals

B. episodes

C. encounters

D. roles

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ are defined in terms of there being two or more individuals sharing social space and who are focused on maintaining a mutual interaction.

A. Rituals

B. Episodes

C. Encounters

D. Roles

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ are composed of clusters of behaviors that are connected to a specific position.

A. Rituals

B. Episodes

C. Encounters

D. Roles

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A(n) ______ interview is essentially wide-open and left to the interviewer to determine the direction.

A. semi-structured

B. structured

C. unstructured

D. open

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interviews

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. ______ interviews is a combination of unstructured and structured formats.

A. Semi-Structured

B. Structured

C. Unstructured

D. Open

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interviews

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. ______ step has been described as the “core” of qualitative analysis.

A. Organizing and familiarizing

B. Coding

C. Interpreting and representing

D. Triangulating and increasing

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Management of Data: Coding and Reducing

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. ______ are similar codes aggregated together to form a major idea in the database.

A. Intercodes

B. Units of Meaning

C. Themes

D. Descriptions

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Management of Data: Coding and Reducing

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Creswell (2012) noted that “qualitative analysis is messy and nonlinear.”

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. One important consideration that frequently is left out of the generating data process is determining what the unit of analysis is.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Prior to deciding how to collect the data there is no need to make a decision on the units of data gathering.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction | Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. According to Lofland et al. (2006), units are arranged hierarchically and increase in social complexity from practices to lifestyles.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Episodes, according to Lofland et al. (2006), may involve only a few people or may include thousands of people.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Episodes are long term and not episodic.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Encounters are not well defined and generally involve specific roles and boundaries between participants.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Creswell noted that there are several different types of interviews: unstructured, semi-structured, and structured.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interviews

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Structured interviews are planned and every participant is asked the same set of questions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interviews

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A qualitative researcher may take on the role of complete participant; participant as observer; covert participant; or complete observer in naturalistic observation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Natural Observation

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. What are the three phases of qualitative data analysis proposed by Hogan, Dolan, and Donnelly?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Management of Data: Coding and Reducing

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. List the nine units of analysis or data collection (gathering) for qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Provide examples of “episodes.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Give an example of an encounter in counseling.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Give examples of “social types.”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Generating Data: Units of Data Collection

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. List the three different approaches to organizing and coding qualitative data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Management of Data: Coding and Reducing

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Explain what the first step is in organizing data, according to Creswell (2018).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Organizing Data

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Discuss what is included in the methods section of an article.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpreting and Reporting

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. What is an unstructured interview? And provide an example.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. What is a semi-structured interview? And provide an example.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. What is a covert participant? Provide an example of a study when this may be utilized.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Natural Observation

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What is a focus group and when would one be used in research?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Focus Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Describe the benefits of qualitative research data.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Basics of Qualitative Research Data Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss the element of Interpreting and Reporting.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Interpreting and Reporting

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. List and discuss the four phases of data analysis in qualitative research.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Summary

Difficulty Level: Hard