Chapter 10: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Researchers use ______ type of study to focus on a relationship in determining how two or more specific variables correlate.

A. a comparison study

B. a frequency study

C. participatory observation study

D. ethnographical study

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Investigators who may be interested in clarifying phenomena or events may achieve this through ______.

A. descriptive or some qualitative research methods

B. comparison study

C. correlational study

D. population study

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. When the purpose statement denotes an attempt to identify phenomena, events, or exercises, he or she is using ______.

A. clarifying methods

B. quantitative methods

C. ethnographic methods

D. unreliable method

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Identifying whether a study involves a comparison or a relationship directs the researchers in choosing ______.

A. the appropriate variables

B. the proper operationalization of the variables

C. a statistical method

D. results evaluation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The three types of hypotheses mentioned by Houser are null, nondirectional, and ______.

A. working

B. bidirectional

C. major

D. directional

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ stated that the purpose statement should include delineation of the variables studied.

A. Burton

B. Spaulding

C. Lexell

D. Moore

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. “The aim of this current study was to describe how women with spinal cord injuries perceive the importance of social support for participation in occupation” is an example of ______.

A. correlational methods

B. clarifying phenomena or events

C. population studied

D. understanding of the variables

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A study may be considered researchable if the independent variables, dependent variables, and/or variables of interest can be ______.

A. operationalized

B. quantified

C. qualified

D. identified

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. H₀ µ₁≠µ₁ represents ______.

A. null hypothesis

B. alternative nondirectional hypothesis

C. alternative directional hypothesis

D. working hypothesis

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. When there is enough evidence from previous research to suggest that there is likely to be a difference in groups but there is not enough evidence to predict the exact direction is referred to as ______.

A. null hypothesis

B. alternative nondirectional hypothesis

C. alternative directional hypothesis

D. working hypothesis

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. ______ type of hypothesis is used when the researcher has enough evidence from previous research to support the prediction of a direction of outcome.

A. null hypothesis

B. alternative nondirectional hypothesis

C. alternative directional hypothesis

D. working hypothesis

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. A concern about whether the hypothesis is consistent with current theories is referred to as ______.

A. parsimony

B. validity

C. reliability

D. none of these

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. In behavioral theory, phenomena must be ______.

A. observable

B. within the margin of error

C. open ended

D. transtheoretical

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Stating the hypothesis as concisely as possible is referred to as ______.

A. parsimonious

B. brevity

C. valid

D. reliable

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. What is the rationale for treating research as indirect proof?

A. Data are collected from the population.

B. Data are collected from samples and may or may not be representative of the population.

C. One is never sure about the results.

D. There is bias in results.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Indirect Proof: An Orientation to the Scientific Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The purpose statement should not be based on the argument developed in the literature review.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The purpose statement may be expressed in either a declarative statement or in the form of a question or questions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The purpose statement is typically found in the abstract review section of an article, toward the end of the review.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. In qualitative research and in quantitative descriptive studies, researchers typically do not have independent and dependent variables.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When interpreting a study, readers of research articles do not need to know the specific population the results may be applied to.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Research focusing on philosophical or vague ideas according to Moore (1983) is researchable.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Even though the purpose statement may be only a sentence or two, it can provide the reader with significant information and clues about the type of study conducted the population of interest and the variable of interest.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. We all engage in hypothesis testing on a regular basis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. In our everyday lives, we generally make predictions based on theory or previous research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. According to Moore (1983), we can always prove a hypothesis.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Indirect Proof: An Orientation to the Scientific Approach

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Identifying whether a study involves a ______ or a ______ directs the researches in choosing a statistical method.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. A ______ may be identified when the researcher, in the purpose statement, affirms that there will be an attempt to determine differences between two or more groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In addition to ______ and ______, investigators may be interested in ______ or ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Identify the independent and dependent variable(s) in this statement:

“The primary purpose of the present study was to test a new strategy for treating burnout and to compare it to the traditional strategy normally used in rehabilitation for burnout in Finland. We analyzed the short-term and long-term effects of both interventions on the outcome variables (burnout symptoms and perceived job conditions) over an intervention lasting one year.”

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The independent and dependent variables should be clearly and concisely identified in the purpose statement when the researchers decide to use ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. In evaluating the purpose, a poorly written intent or goal or a study is a problem because the reader may not know whether the researchers have accomplished a(n) ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Evaluating the Purpose Statement and Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A ______ is a formally stated expectation of outcomes.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The difference between everyone engaging in hypothesis testing on a regular basis and the scientific approach is ______.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A ______ is developed from a clear argument based on the literature review.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A hypothesis may be used in research methods of: ______, ______, and ______ designs.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quantitative Research Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the guidelines and questions for evaluating the purpose statement.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Guidelines and Questions for Evaluating the Purpose Statement

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss the concept of Indirect Proof.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Indirect Proof: An Orientation to the Scientific Approach

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Discuss the guidelines for evaluating Hypotheses?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Guidelines and Questions for Evaluating Hypotheses: Quantitative Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss and provide example of the three types of Hypotheses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Hypotheses

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss the study conducted by Henderson, Rosen, and Mascaro (2007) focusing on the healing aspects of the use of mandalas in relationship to the guidelines and questions associated with evaluating hypotheses.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Quantitative Research

Difficulty Level: Hard