Chapter 7: Basics of Statistical Methods

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Statistics is commonly defined as the science of conducting studies to organize, summarize, and ______ information.

A. interpret

B. set up

C. infer

D. understand

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Statistical Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. There are ______ identified scales identified that are used in quantitative research.

A. five

B. three

C. four

D. two

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ are defined in terms of symbols, such as letters or words.

A. Numbers

B. Numerals

C. Variables

D. Hypotheses

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Values in which one can perform certain mathematical operations and the distance between units is even are referred to as ______.

A. numbers

B. numerals

C. random population

D. constants

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The interval between 101 and 102 is the same as that between 104 and 105, this is indicative of which type of value?

A. numbers

B. numerals

C. variables

D. constants

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The scale which involves description and requires that we assign names or terms is referred to as ______.

A. ordinal scale

B. interval scale

C. ratio scale

D. nominal scale

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The scale that refers to one in which the researcher has assigned differences based upon ranks to distinct categories is known as ______.

A. ordinal scale

B. interval scale

C. ratio scale

D. nominal scale

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. A measurement of research in quantitative research involving the use of numbers with equal units of measurements is referred to as ______.

A. ordinal scale

B. interval scale

C. ratio scale

D. nominal scale

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Scales defined in terms of equal numbered units and there is a true zero is referred to as ______.

A. cluster sampling

B. ordinal scale

C. ratio scale

D. nominal scale

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The statistical methods that are used to describe the frequency distribution of ______.

A. measures of central tendency

B. measures of variability

C. measures of relationship

D. tables and graphs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Statistical methods that are used to describe or summarize how scores are dispersed are referred to as ______.

A. measures of central tendency

B. measures of variability

C. measures of relationship

D. tables and graphs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Visual methods that are used to describe the frequency distribution of a data set are referred to as ______.

A. measures of central tendency

B. measures of variability

C. measures of relationship

D. tables and graphs

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. ______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are independent of each other.

A. Normality

B. Independence

C. Homogeneity of variance

D. Linearity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. ______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are normally distributed.

A. Normality

B. Independence

C. Homogeneity of variance

D. Linearity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nonparametric Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. ______ assumption required to complete inferential statistics states that scores are similar in how they vary from the mean.

A. Normality

B. Independence

C. Homogeneity of variance

D. Linearity

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. To understand and systematically evaluate research, it is first imperative to have an understanding of several basic statistical methods and related terminology.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Basics of Statistical Methods

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The ratio is the least precise of all the scales and the one in which the least number of concise mathematical operations can be done.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Interval scales involve the use of numbers with equal units of measurement and there is a true zero point on the scale.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Descriptive statistics are used to describe the sample on which the study was conducted.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Common Statistical Definitions

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the median.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. One thing that is sometimes confusing is that the same variable can be collected at different levels of measurements.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The mode is determined by counting the least frequent score in the distribution.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Relationships are descriptions of the extent to which two or more variables is generally defined in nonlinear terms.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Parametric statistics are not used when the data are essentially based on normal distribution.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parametric Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Inferential statistics are those based on probabilities of the data being representative of the population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Define statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Basics of Statistical Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define nominal scale and provide an example.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define ordinal scale and provide an example.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Define interval scale and provide an example.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Name the four types of measurement scales.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ refers to how scores are distributed.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Common Statistical Definitions

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. ______ refers to the relationship in a distribution between two variables.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ refers to a symmetrical bell-shaped curve.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Common Statistical Definitions

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ is the way scores vary around the mean and are stated as standard units.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Common Statistical Definitions

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. What is the formula for standard deviation?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Table 7.3: Characteristics of Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the four levels of measurements. Definitions and an example of each.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Measurement Scales

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Discuss the measures of central tendency.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Descriptive Statistics

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss the four basic assumptions of inferential statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain the rationale for when nonparametric statistics are used.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nonparametric Statistics

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Explain the characteristics of parametric inferential statistics seen in Table 7.4. Give the characteristic of each and give an example of two of them from a journal article.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Table 7.4: Characteristics of Parametric Inferential Statistics

Difficulty Level: Hard