Test Bank Plant Reproduction And Growth Chapter.32

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 32 Plant Reproduction and Growth

1) Asexual reproduction in plants

A) produces identical offspring.

B) is less advantageous than sexual reproduction.

C) is very uncommon.

D) requires more energy than sexual reproduction.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

2) Some plants reproduce asexually through horizontal stems underground. These are called

A) suckers.

B) runners.

C) rhizomes.

D) adventitious plantlets.

E) suckers and runners.

3) Male gametophytes are also known as ________, and they develop from microspores.

A) embryos

B) megaspores

C) pollen grains

D) anthers

E) sporophyte

4) Corn plants, with flowers organized as male tassels and female ears, are

A) perfect.

B) monecious.

C) clones.

D) gametophytes.

E) sporophytes.

5) When a plant's pollen moves to one of its own stigmas, this is called

A) self-incompatibility.

B) self-germination.

C) outcrossing.

D) self-pollination.

E) cross-pollination.

6) Which has evolved in angiosperms to attract pollinators to their flowers?

A) nectar

B) colorful petals

C) different petal shapes

D) long floral tubes

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

7) Wind-pollinated angiosperms

A) have small, yellow flowers to attract pollinators.

B) grow in close proximity to each other.

C) rely on birds to assist in pollination.

D) have unique nectar tubes.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

8) In angiosperms, a reproductive process that involves two sperm cells is called

A) double fertilization.

B) self-pollination.

C) pollen tube formation.

D) germination.

E) cross fertilization.

9) Early in the development of an angiosperm embryo, the embryo becomes dormant as a result of drying. This dormancy occurs

A) after fertilization.

B) once the root and shoot have penetrated the seed coat.

C) after the apical meristems and the cotyledons are differentiated.

D) after germination.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

10) Germination cannot take place until

A) any amount of sunlight strikes the seed.

B) daylength is appropriate for the plant.

C) water and oxygen reach the embryo.

D) the seed has passed through the gut of an animal.

E) the cotyledons form.

11) The primary purpose of fruit is to

A) aid in seed dispersal.

B) reward animals for pollination.

C) feed the growing embryo of the plant.

D) deter predators.

E) provide a source of carbohydrates to the plant.

12) The phenomenon known as phototropism is due to the plant hormone ________, which regulates cell growth.

A) abscisic acid

B) cytokinin

C) auxin

D) gibberellin

E) ethylene

13) ________ auxins, such as 2,4-D, are routinely used to control weeds and are applied in concentrations higher than would occur in the plant tissues such that weeds literally "grow to death."

A) Synthetic

B) Natural

C) Organic

D) Methylated

E) Inorganic

14) When applied to underripe fruit, the hormone ________ hastens ripening.

A) auxin

B) gibberellin

C) ethylene

D) abscisic acid

E) cytokinins

15) ________ is a plant hormone that controls stomatal closure and has some effect on the dormancy of many seeds.

A) Abscisic acid

B) Cytokinin

C) Auxin

D) Gibberellin

E) Ethylene

16) The response of plants to touch is known as

A) phototropism.

B) gravitropism.

C) thigmotropism.

D) photoperiodism.

E) gibberellins.

17) The plant response in which stems grow upward and roots grow downward is called

A) phototropism.

B) gravitropism.

C) thigmotropism.

D) photoperiodism.

E) gibberellins.

18) What is the mechanism by which synthetic auxins are routinely used to control weeds?

A) They cause weeds to grow so fast that they reduce their ATP production so no energy is left for other essential plant functions.

B) They disrupt the plasma membrane of plant cells, causing them to leak and die.

C) They interfere with protein synthesis in the cell.

D) They interfere with DNA synthesis in the cell.

E) They cause the plant cell wall to disintegrate.

19) Which hormone, in combination with auxin, stimulates cell division in plants?

A) abscisic acid

B) cytokinin

C) auxin

D) gibberellin

E) ethylene

20) Which hormone is used commercially to space out the flowers of grape vines by promoting stem elongation?

A) abscisic acid

B) cytokinin

C) auxin

D) gibberellin

E) ethylene

21) The gene for which hormone has been disrupted to delay the ripening of genetically engineered tomatoes?

A) gibberellin

B) auxin

C) cytokinin

D) abscisic acid

E) ethylene

22) In some plants, flowering is controlled by seasonal changes in relative day and night length, also called

A) phototropism.

B) gravitropism.

C) thigmotropism.

D) photoperiodism.

E) periodism.

23) Within the embryo sac of the angiosperm, ________ haploid nuclei result from repeated mitotic divisions.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

E) 10

24) An example of a drupe would be

A) olives.

B) peaches.

C) plums.

D) cherries.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

25) Your instructor shows you and your classmates a basket of fruit. Which would you choose if she asked for a pome?

A) a pear

B) grapes

C) tomatoes

D) a peach

E) olives

26) Which plant produces seeds that germinate successfully under water?

A) corn

B) apples

C) rice

D) wheat

E) daffodils

27) The ________ and ________ give rise to all of the other cells of the adult plant.

A) phloem; xylem

B) shoot apical meristem; root apical meristem

C) vascular cambium; cork cambium

D) pericycle; bud primordia

E) bud primordial; leaf primordia

28) In plants, hormones are produced in endocrine glands.

29) Who wrote the book The Power of Movement in Plants?

A) Linus Pauling

B) Louis Pasteur

C) Charles Darwin

D) Francis Crick

E) Frits Went

30) Which type of plant produces "suckers," or sprouts, which give rise to new plants?

A) cherry

B) apple

C) raspberry

D) blackberry

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

31) The house plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana produces ________ to reproduce asexually.

A) runners

B) adventitious plants

C) suckers

D) rhizomes

E) sporophytes

32) All plants have both male and female reproductive structures together in the same flower.

33) Once a pollen grain reaches the stigma of a flower, it begins to grow a ________, which pierces the style.

34) The female gametophyte is the ________ ________, which develops from a megaspore.

35) The first leaves that emerge from a seed are the ________.

36) ________ is the mechanism by which organisms measure seasonal changes in relative day and night length.

37) When pollen from a flower's anther pollinates the same flower's stigma, the process is called ________.

38) Fruits that lack fleshy tissue and rely on animal fur or bird features for dispersal are called ________ fruits.

39) Flowering plants respond to day and night length in part through the pigment ________, which exists in two interconvertible forms.

40) The bending of growing plants toward light is a response called ________.

41) The hormone that causes growing plants to bend toward light is called ________.

42) Explain the significance of F. C. Steward's experiments in the 1950s.

43) Describe how adventitious plantlets form in Kalanchoë.

44) Describe double fertilization.

45) F. C. Steward's research proved that plants have irreversible cell differentiation similar to animals.

46) In monocots, the ________ protects the shoot and leaves as they push through the surface and begin photosynthesis.

A) cotyledon

B) coleoptile

C) seed coat

D) hypocotyl

E) adventitious root

47) Seeds need to absorb ________ and ________ to initiate germination.