TestBank - Chapter 3

1. The fundamental principle that guides gestaltists is:
   1. Koffka's Principle
   2. Weber’s Law
   3. The principle of conservation
   4. The law of Prägnanz
   5. The principle of good contiguity
2. The gestaltist law that states that similar elements will be grouped together perceptually is called the law of:
   1. Proximity
   2. Good continuation
   3. Similarity
   4. Closure
   5. Common fate
3. The gestaltist law that states that visual elements that are located close to each other, tend to be grouped together, is the law of:
   1. Proximity
   2. Good continuation
   3. Similarity
   4. Closure
   5. Common fate
4. Which of the following is a criticism of gestaltist ideas concerning perceptual organisation?
   1. They did not take into consideration the importance of past experience and learning
   2. They rarely provided adequate explanations for the descriptions of perceptual phenomena
   3. They did not identify all the principles of perceptual organisation
   4. Their findings were mostly based on 2-D line drawings
   5. All of the above
5. The principle of visual organisation proposed by Palmer and Rock (1994) is termed:
   1. The law of Prägnanz
   2. The law of good continuation
   3. The grouping principle
   4. The principle of uniform connectedness
   5. The isomorphism principle
6. In Marr’s theory of object recognition, which representations are observer-centred?
   1. The primal sketch
   2. The 2 1/2-D sketch
   3. The 3-D sketch
   4. The primal and 2 1/2-D sketch
   5. The primal and 3-D sketch
7. Biederman’s recognition-by-components theory held that objects consist of components known as what?
   1. Gabors
   2. Geons
   3. Voxels
   4. Pixels
   5. Gratings
8. According to the recognition-by-components theory, the first stage in object recognition involves:
   1. Edge extraction
   2. Detection of non-accidental properties
   3. Parsing of areas of concavity
   4. Determination of components
   5. Matching of components to object representations
9. According to Biederman (1987), which of the following is NOT one of the invariant properties of edges?
   1. Collinearity
   2. Colour
   3. Cotermination
   4. Curvature
   5. Symmetry
10. Neurons responding strongly to one visual object, but weakly (or not at all) to other objects, possess high:
    1. Invariance
    2. Tolerance
    3. Dimensionality
    4. Selectivity
    5. Greebles
11. Milivojevic et al. (2012) stated that object-recognition is typically not influenced by ____ when categorisation is required?
    1. object orientation
    2. colour constancy
    3. within-object discriminations
    4. the identification of voxels
    5. viewpoint change
12. Which disorder involves problems with object recognition that result from deficits in face processing?
    1. Associative prosopagnosia
    2. Apperceptive prosopagnosia
    3. Optic ataxia
    4. Prosopagnosia
    5. Aphasia
13. In which disorder do patients have an inability to access facial memories?
    1. Associative prosopagnosia
    2. Apperceptive prosopagnosia
    3. Optic ataxia
    4. Prosopagnosia
    5. Aphasia
14. According to Bruce and Young’s (1986) model, which process produces various descriptions or representations of faces
    1. Directed visual processing
    2. Structural encoding
    3. Face recognition units
    4. Person identity nodes
    5. Name generation
15. The condition in which people cannot recognise faces, but can recognise common objects, is called:
    1. Associative agnosia
    2. Apperceptive agnosia
    3. Optic ataxia
    4. Prosopagnosia
    5. Aphasia
16. Configural processing is otherwise known as:
    1. Local processing
    2. Feature processing
    3. Semantic processing
    4. Holistic processing
    5. Detailed processing
17. Which brain area responds more strongly to faces than other stimuli categories?
    1. Amygdala
    2. Occipital lobe
    3. Temporal sulcus
    4. Frontal lobes
    5. Fusiform gyrus
18. Kosslyn used which of the following terms to refer to the brain areas in which depictive representations are formed?
    1. Visuo-spatial sketchpad
    2. Episodic buffer
    3. Visual buffer
    4. Working memory
    5. Brodmann Area 13
19. According to Kosslyn, depictive representations are created in which brain area, also known as BA17?
    1. Early visual cortex
    2. Superior temporal cortex
    3. Amygdala
    4. Fusiform gyrus
    5. Thalamus
20. Pylsyhyn’s (2002) propositional theory of mental imagery emphasises the importance of:
    1. Depictive representations
    2. Geons
    3. Verbal skills
    4. Tacit knowledge
    5. Quasi-pictorial representations
21. Which technique was famously used by Hubel and Wiesel (1962, 1979) to investigate visual processes in cats and monkeys?
    1. EEG
    2. Single-cell recording
    3. MEG
    4. fMRI
    5. Lesions
22. Why was Marr’s computational approach influential?
    1. He realised bottom-up processing was highly influential in object recognition
    2. He successfully combined ideas from different approaches
    3. He realised vision told the truth about what is out there
    4. The processess he proposed are simple computationally
    5. All of the above
23. According to Hubel and Wiesel (1962), simple cells are:
    1. Respond to straight-line stimuli in a particular orientation
    2. Are end-stopped cells
    3. Cells that respond to dark bars in a light field and have an “on/off” rectangular region
    4. Have large receptive fields that have “off” regions
    5. Cells that respond to dark bars in a light field and have an “on/off” spherical region
24. Which gestaltist law was revealed when Johansson’s (1973) participants perceived human motion, despite only actually seeing lights that had been strapped to an actor’s joints?
    1. Proximity
    2. Good continuation
    3. Similarity
    4. Closure
    5. Common fate