Chapter 3 Complete Test Bank Molecules Of Life

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 3 Molecules of Life

1) Which level of protein structure ultimately determines all the other levels of the protein structure?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

2) Which level of protein structure results from hydrogen bonds forming between different parts of the polypeptide chain?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

3) You are handed a model of a protein. It has a three-dimensional shape, and by twisting it, you can see that there is only one polypeptide chain in the model. You see two alpha helices lined up next to one another in the model. From this observation, you are looking at what level of protein structure?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

4) When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ________ structure.

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

5) Enzymes function to

A) add in structural support.

B) provide defense.

C) provide contractile ability of muscles.

D) assist with chemical reactions in the cell.

E) send chemical signals throughout the body.

6) Which level of protein structure has α-helixes or β-pleated sheets?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

7) When a protein is denatured, which level of protein structure is unaffected?

A) primary

B) secondary

C) tertiary

D) quaternary

E) quinary

8) Which polymer serves as the genetic information storage molecule for cells?

A) carbohydrate

B) nucleic acid

C) protein

D) lipids

E) polysaccharide

9) If one strand of DNA is CCAATTG, then the complementary strand would be

A) CCAATTG.

B) AAGGUUC.

C) GGUUAAC.

D) GGTTAAC.

E) It is impossible to determine.

10) The two complementary DNA strands, of the double helix, are held together by ________ bonds.

A) covalent

B) ionic

C) hydrogen

D) phosphate

E) There are no bonds connecting the strands.

11) Plants use the glucose polysaccharide, ________, to store energy.

A) starch

B) cellulose

C) fructose

D) sucrose

E) chitin

12) The carbohydrate that is found in plant cell walls, for structural support, is

A) starch.

B) cellulose.

C) chitin.

D) fructose.

E) sucrose.

13) If you were told to prepare for lab by getting a sample of a structural carbohydrate from an invertebrate, you would look in your supplies for some

A) starch.

B) cellulose.

C) chitin.

D) glycogen.

E) sucrose.

14) A polysaccharide of glucose found in animals that is highly branched is

A) starch.

B) cellulose.

C) chitin.

D) glycogen.

E) sucrose.

15) Fatty acids that have double bonds that have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are

A) saturated.

B) liquids at room temperature.

C) solid at room temperature.

D) generally found in animal fats.

E) semi-solid at room temperature.

16) Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

A) waxes

B) cholesterol

C) female sex hormones

D) phospholipids

E) glycogen

17) Which of the following is a main component of cell membranes?

A) cellulose

B) sucrose

C) phospholipids

D) triglycerides

E) glycogen

18) To chemically synthesize RNA, you would need a supply of

A) lactose.

B) glucose.

C) ribose.

D) deoxyribose.

E) glycogen.

19) Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

A) They function as energy storage.

B) They can be enzymes.

C) They are composed of monosaccharides.

D) The sequence of amino acids determines the secondary structure of the protein.

E) Some proteins are resistant to being denatured.

20) The monomers of carbohydrates are

A) amino acids.

B) polypeptides.

C) monosaccharides.

D) nucleotides.

E) glycerols.

21) If you were designing a chemical to reduce energy storage in animals, you would need an inhibitor of ________ synthesis.

A) starch

B) glycogen

C) cellulose

D) chitin

E) protein

22) You are performing chemical tests on a sample of lipid. You find that no more hydrogen bonds will form leading you to suspect that it is

A) polyunsaturated.

B) monounsaturated.

C) saturated.

D) super unsaturated.

E) not a fat.

23) Proteins are made up of ________ linked together by ________ bonds.

A) amino acids; peptide

B) monosaccharides; nucleotide

C) monomers; ionic

D) polymers; hydrogen

E) amino acids; hydrogen

24) In terms of speed, making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of ________ to help the reactions proceed.

A) heat

B) water

C) blood

D) enzymes

E) chemicals

25) You are sorting carbohydrate models into storage containers. Glucose would go with other examples of

A) polysaccharides.

B) disaccharides.

C) monosaccharides.

D) nucleotides.

E) amino acids.

26) Which statement accurately describes DNA?

A) It exhibits base pairing of adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine.

B) It forms a double helix.

C) It is a polymer of nucleotides.

D) It carries the genetic information of the cell.

E) All of these statements describe DNA.

27) Which of the following is a characteristic of DNA and not a characteristic of RNA?

A) double stands of nucleotides

B) polymer made of nucleotides

C) phosphate groups on the nucleotides

D) nitrogenous base on the nucleotides

E) nucleotides linked through dehydration synthesis

28) Denaturation of proteins is always a reversible process.

29) Lipids are insoluble in water because they are nonpolar.

30) Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature.

31) In studying a sample of single stand of nucleic acid, you find no thymine. Instead, you find ________.

32) Nucleic acids are long polymers of repeating subunits called ________.

33) You are examining a piece of material you believe to be part of a plant cell wall. What carbohydrate could you test for to confirm your observation?

34) Many mammals supply energy to their young in the form of ________, which is a disaccharide.

35) List the four major types of macromolecules, their subunits (building blocks), and their functions.

36) You are examining a protein structure which contains several labeled methionine amino acids. Your instructor has indicated these amino acids are nonpolar. Because of this, you predict that when the protein is added to water it will

A) not change.

B) turn inward, away from the water, at the location of the methionine amino acids.

C) turn outward, toward the water, at the location of the methionine amino acids.

D) denature.

E) change from a secondary to tertiary structure.

37) Monosaccharides, such as glucose, are linked together to form polysaccharides, like starch.

38) A reaction requires the removal of a water molecule to link two monomers together. This process is called ________ synthesis.