Chapter 4 Exam Prep Cells

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 4 Cells

1) Select the membrane molecule that is made up of a polar region with two nonpolar fatty acid tails.

A) phospholipids

B) cell surface proteins

C) transmembrane proteins

D) carbohydrate chains

E) cholesterols

2) Choose the membrane molecule responsible for aiding passage of polar molecules into and out of the cell.

A) phospholipids

B) cell surface proteins

C) transmembrane proteins

D) carbohydrate chains

E) cholesterols

3) The simplest cellular organisms are

A) eukaryotes.

B) prokaryotes.

C) animals.

D) fungi.

E) protists.

4) What structures are found within bacterial cells?

A) ribosomes

B) chloroplasts

C) nucleus

D) mitochondria

E) plasmodesmata

5) Which type of microscope could be used to examine the surface structures of a prokaryotic organism?

A) light microscope

B) scanning electron microscope

C) compound microscope

D) transmission electron microscope

E) All of these scopes could be used to examine the surface structures of a prokaryotic cell.

6) The nucleus of the eukaryotic cell functions

A) as the command center for the cell.

B) to store the cell's hereditary information.

C) to house the nucleolus.

D) as the site of RNA synthesis.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

7) An extensive system of internal membranes, called the ________, is where carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured, and proteins are made that will be exported from the cell.

A) Golgi complex

B) endoplasmic reticulum

C) nucleolus

D) mitochondria

E) nucleus

8) ________ function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of molecules made in the cell.

A) Mitochondria

B) Ribosomes

C) Golgi bodies

D) Vesicles

E) Lysosomes

9) The two organelles that are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are

A) ribosomes and nuclei.

B) Golgi complex and vesicles.

C) peroxisomes and lysosomes.

D) chloroplasts and mitochondria.

E) chloroplasts and Golgi complex.

10) Oxidative metabolism, that provides ATP for cellular energy, occurs in the

A) chloroplasts.

B) peroxisomes.

C) mitochondria.

D) nuclei.

E) lysosomes.

11) The organelles that contain enzymes that digest worn-out parts of cells are called

A) Golgi complexes.

B) lysosomes.

C) vacuoles.

D) secretory vesicles.

E) nuclei.

12) Eukaryotic cilia and flagella differ from each other primarily in

A) function.

B) length.

C) internal structure.

D) internal chemistry.

E) There are no differences between eukaryotic cilia and flagella.

13) Which of the following is found in all prokaryotic cells, but not found in all eukaryotic cells?

A) proteins synthesized by ribosomes

B) a cell wall

C) a plasma membrane for selective transport

D) a semifluid matrix of the cytoplasm

E) DNA as genetic information

14) When a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, expelling its contents outside the cell, the process is known as

A) active transport.

B) exocytosis.

C) endocytosis.

D) pinocytosis.

E) phagocytosis.

15) The sodium-potassium pump requires a transport protein and energy. Therefore, it is an example of

A) active transport.

B) facilitated diffusion.

C) osmosis.

D) simple diffusion.

E) exocytosis.

16) When molecules move through a plasma membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by way of a carrier protein, it is called

A) osmosis.

B) endocytosis.

C) facilitated diffusion.

D) exocytosis.

E) active transport.

17) If you were grading an exam question about the plasma membrane, which answer would lose points?

A) It has a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic region that faces water.

B) Cholesterol affects the fluid nature of the membrane.

C) Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move.

D) Transmembrane proteins span the membrane.

E) It surrounds all living cells.

18) In the sodium-potassium pump, sugars and amino acids, or other molecules, are brought through the membrane along with sodium ions through

A) coupled channels.

B) chemiosmosis.

C) proton pumps.

D) receptor proteins.

E) vesicles.

19) Which of the following consists of prokaryotes?

A) Fungi

B) Archaea

C) Plantae

D) Animalia

E) Protista

20) If you wanted to design a drug to prevent prokaryotic cells from attaching to substrates, which structure should the drug inhibit?

A) capsule

B) nucleoid

C) flagella

D) pili

E) ribosome

21) Which of the following is not an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?

A) nucleus

B) mitochondria

C) lysosome

D) chloroplast

E) actin

22) Without the nucleolus, which of the following would not occur?

A) protein synthesis

B) ribosome subunit assembly

C) protein packaging for export

D) photosynthesis

E) genetic variation

23) A plant's central vacuole functions in

A) manufacturing sugars.

B) capturing energy from sunlight.

C) packaging molecules for export from the cell.

D) storing the genetic information of the cell.

E) storing water, sugars, and ions.

24) If a fellow student told you that they had an animal cell under the microscope, the presence of what structure would tell you that he was wrong?

A) nucleus

B) lysosome

C) Golgi complex

D) central vacuole

E) chromosome

25) You are asked to compile a list of items that support the endosymbiont theory. The items would include information about the mitochondria's and chloroplast's

A) plasma membrane.

B) ribosomes.

C) circular molecules of DNA.

D) division by simple fission.

E) All of these answer choices are correct.

26) Which of the following is not classified as cytoskeletal fiber?

A) microtubules

B) actin filaments

C) intermediate filaments

D) pili

E) All the answer choices are correct.

27) Which process enables a white blood cell to ingest a bacterium?

A) diffusion

B) active transport

C) phagocytosis

D) pinocytosis

E) osmosis

28) You are observing an amoeba cell, you notice clear droplets being taken up by vesicles at the edge of the cell. You would conclude that amoeba can perform

A) diffusion.

B) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

C) phagocytosis.

D) pinocytosis.

E) osmosis.

29) As cells increase in size, cell ________ increases more rapidly than cell ________.

30) A semifluid matrix, called ________, fills the inside of a cell.

31) In addition to a plasma membrane, plant cells have ________ ________, which protect and support the plant cell.

32) The main between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that eukaryotes have membrane-bound ________ and prokaryotes do not.

33) You are labeling the parts of a cell model. If you were asked to label the location of DNA in a eukaryotic cell, you would mark the ________.

34) The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the ________ ________.

35) The passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient in a random movement is called ________.

36) The ability of cells to engulf large particles is called ________.

37) In microscopes, what describes the minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separate points?

A) resolution

B) magnification

C) objectivity

D) amplification

E) refraction

38) List the three major principles of the cell theory.

39) Why are most cells so tiny?

40) If proteins were not sent to the correct location in a cell, you would suspect a malfunction in the lysosome.

41) If you were trying to study a newly discovered bacterial cell, which technique would be best for seeing its internal structures?

A) transmission electron microscopy

B) human eye

C) light microscopy

D) magnifying glass

E) scanning electron microscopy

42) Water diffuses through small channels in the plasma membrane called

A) aquaporins.

B) transport proteins.

C) sodium-potassium pumps.

D) nuclear pores.

E) nonpolar proteins.

43) If you were to place a cell in a hypertonic solution, water would rush in the cell and burst.

44) The movement of ions across the membrane down a concentration gradient using an ion channel is an example of

A) osmosis.

B) endocytosis.

C) active transport.

D) exocytosis.

E) selective diffusion.

45) Many proteins are made and excreted from the cell. Using the list, put the cellular events in order.

a. Vesicles containing proteins and lipids fuse with the Golgi bodies.

b. Vesicles pinched off from the cristernae carry the molecule to its location.

c. Proteins and lipids are made on the ER membrane and put in vesicles.

d. The Golgi bodies tag the molecules to signal their ultimate delivery.

A) d, b, a, c

B) c, a, d, b

C) a, c, b, d

D) b, a, c, d

E) d, c, a, b

46) Mitochondria and chloroplasts have many similarities. Which of the following characteristics only pertains to chloroplasts?

A) circular DNA

B) simple fusion division

C) plasma membrane

D) site of photosynthesis

E) site of oxidative metabolism