Chapter 5 Energy And Life Test Bank Johnson

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 5 Energy and Life

1) Which type of energy is found in objects that are not actively moving but have the capacity to do so?

A) kinetic energy

B) potential energy

C) entropy

D) living energy

E) chemical energy

2) The process of lowering the activation energy of a reaction is called

A) respiration.

B) catalysis.

C) oxidation.

D) photosynthesis.

E) activation.

3) Reactions that tend to occur spontaneously, releasing energy, are called

A) endergonic.

B) exergonic.

C) catalytic.

D) productive.

E) endothermic.

4) Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to

A) lower activation energy.

B) raise activation energy.

C) supply activation energy.

D) supply the reactants.

E) without energy.

5) The site on the surface of a reactant, or substrate, where it binds to the enzyme is called the

A) reactive site.

B) allosteric site.

C) active site.

D) binding site.

E) controlling site.

6) Thinking about the biological system, which factor is least important for enzyme function?

A) temperature of the cytoplasm

B) amount of reactant in the cell

C) pH of the cytoplasm

D) relative humidity

E) presence of a repressor

7) ATP is composed of a ribose, the organic base adenine, and

A) triphosphate group.

B) diphosphate group.

C) trinitrate groups.

D) phenylalanine.

E) hydrogen bonds.

8) The process of converting the energy from food molecules into energy of ATP is

A) cellular respiration.

B) catalysis.

C) thermodynamics.

D) photosynthesis.

E) endothermic reactions.

9) In reference to enzyme activity, repressors ________ the active site, while activators ________ it.

A) restore; disrupt

B) promote; disrupt

C) disrupt; restore

D) disrupt; bind to

E) stimulate; repress

10) The site on the enzyme where the reactant fits is referred to as the ________ site.

A) reactive

B) allosteric

C) active

D) binding

E) controlling

11) Objects that are moving are said to possess

A) kinetic energy.

B) potential energy.

C) entropy.

D) living energy.

E) endergonic activity.

12) Which statement about energy is false?

A) The biological world gets its energy from the sun.

B) Chemical bonds store potential energy.

C) All forms of energy can be converted to heat.

D) Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

E) An object at rest has kinetic energy.

13) The first law of thermodynamics states that energy

A) can be changed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed.

B) is constantly being created by entropy events.

C) can be used and then destroyed because of entropy's actions on it.

D) can be destroyed while it is producing entropy.

E) is lost at a constant rate.

14) Chemical reactions that take up energy are called ________ reactions.

A) exergonic

B) endergonic

C) catalysis

D) catalytic

E) exothermic

15) A competitive inhibitor interferes with the ________ site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.

A) active

B) repressor

C) allosteric

D) oxidized

E) controlling

16) The extra energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds and to initiate a chemical reaction is called ________ energy.

A) exergonic

B) endergonic

C) kinetic

D) activation

E) catalytic

17) To halt the flow of energy into the biological world, you would need to do away with

A) oceans.

B) plants.

C) the sun.

D) volcanoes.

E) large animals.

18) Most human enzymes work best with range of pH

A) 3 to 5.

B) 4 to 6.

C) 6 to 8.

D) 8 to 10.

E) 11 to 14.

19) In biology lab, you are asked to build a model of an ATP molecule. Which group of components would you need?

A) deoxyribose, 3 phosphates, 1 guanine

B) ribose, 2 phosphates, 1 thymine

C) deoxyribose, 1 phosphate, 1 cytosine

D) ribose, 3 phosphates, 1 adenine

E) ribose, 1 phosphate, 1 guanine

20) During the ATP cycle, ATP is assembled from two phosphates added to an ADP molecule.

21) The site where a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to the surface of an enzyme is the ________ site.

22) A parked car, with the key in the off position, has ________ energy.

23) If a ball begins to roll down an incline, the ________ energy is converted into ________ energy.

24) If you add a metal powder to a solution, and the activation energy of a chemical reaction in that solution decreased, the addition of the metal resulted in ________.

25) In ________ reactions, the products contain more energy than the reactants.

26) The site on an enzyme where a substrate binds is the ________ site, and the site on the substrate that binds to the enzyme is the ________ site.

27) Do all cells contain the same active enzymes? Support your answer.

28) What happens to enzymes when the temperature increases beyond their optimal reaction requirement?

29) Explain how enzymes are regulated by feedback inhibition.

30) State the components of an ATP molecule.

31) Distinguish between reactants, substrates, and products.

32) List and explain four uses for ATP in a cell.

33) Describe the ATP-ADP cycle.

34) All living organisms require energy for work.

35) Check all that describe the second law of thermodynamics.

A) conserves energy

B) promotes energy use

C) disorder occurs

D) is measured in entropy

E) random organization

36) Entropy is the measure of order in a system.

37) Many biological pathways require feedback inhibition to control the number of products that are provided for the cell. If a product binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme in the pathway, this would result in ________ inhibition.

A) competitive

B) noncompetitive

C) active

D) controlling

E) repressible

38) If a signal molecule, called a ________, binds to the allosteric site of an enzyme, the enzyme's active site will change shape.

39) Check all that describe coupled reactions.

A) One part of the reaction requires ATP.

B) One part of the reaction makes ATP.

C) Both parts of the reaction are exergonic.

D) They are found in biological systems.

E) They rely on the transfer of inorganic phosphates to provide energy.