Exam Questions The Science Of Biology Ch.1

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

1) The simplest organisms do not have nuclei. In the list below, which group has the simplest organisms?

A) Bacteria

B) Fungi

C) Plantae

D) Animalia

E) Protista

2) The process of using and transforming energy in living cells is called

A) response to stimulation.

B) complexity.

C) metabolism.

D) homeostasis.

E) evolution.

3) There are five properties of living things. Which of the following properties provides an increase in the number of organisms within a population?

A) growth and reproduction

B) metabolism

C) cellular organization

D) homeostasis

E) heredity

4) All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions, whether they are unicellular, or complex, multicellular organisms. This property is called

A) metabolism.

B) homeostasis.

C) heredity.

D) cellular organization.

E) growth and reproduction.

5) In a multicellular organism, different tissues that function together are grouped into

A) organisms.

B) cells.

C) organs.

D) tissue systems.

E) atoms.

6) All the populations of a particular kind of organism, that are able to interact with each other, are members of the same

A) community.

B) species.

C) habitat.

D) ecosystem.

E) kingdom.

7) The different populations of all the species in a given area make up a(n)

A) community.

B) association.

C) ecosystem.

D) population.

E) habitat.

8) Charles Darwin used ________ to visualize the mechanisms of natural selection.

A) artificial selection

B) biology

C) natural history

D) evolution

E) scientific reasoning

9) There are five general themes that serve to both unify and explain the science of biology. Which of the following falls outside of the underlying themes?

A) cooperation

B) flow of energy

C) evolution

D) creation

E) homeostasis

10) The proper order for steps in the scientific process is

A) predictions → testing → observation → hypothesis.

B) testing → observation → predictions → hypothesis.

C) hypothesis → observation → testing → predictions.

D) observation → hypothesis → predictions → testing.

E) predictions → observation → hypothesis → testing.

11) All organisms possess a genetic system that is based on

A) RNA.

B) protein.

C) DNA.

D) cells.

E) sugars.

12) The proper order for the hierarchy of increasing complexity is

A) organelles - cells - molecules - tissues - organs.

B) cells - molecules - organs - tissues - organelles.

C) molecules - organs - cells - tissues - organelles.

D) molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs.

E) organs - organelles - cells - molecules - tissues.

13) The test of a hypothesis is called a(n)

A) control.

B) experiment.

C) variable.

D) prediction.

E) conclusion.

14) Who is credited with discovering cells?

A) Charles Darwin

B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

C) Robert Hooke

D) Francis Crick

E) Joseph Farman

15) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A) contains the information specifying what a cell is like.

B) is a source of energy that can be harvested by a cell.

C) is only present in higher cells.

D) is not passed from cell to cell.

E) is the main structural protein of a cell.

16) The kingdom that includes mushrooms and yeast is the ________.

17) All living things use energy, a property known as ________.

18) As life-forms become more advanced, new properties occur. These properties are referred to as ________.

19) The information that determines what a cell is like, and how it interacts with other cells, is stored in the ________ molecule.

20) The final step in the scientific process is the development of a ________.

21) A collection of related hypotheses that have been shown to be true after extensive testing can be collectively called a ________.

22) A discrete unit of genetic information is called a ________.

23) It is often publicized that excess dietary fats are linked to higher incidences of heart disease and cancer in humans. Choose the hypothesis that a scientist could test to examine this observation.

A) Eating more meat causes cancer.

B) Eating a diet of lard makes you fat.

C) Dietary fat, heart disease, and cancer are all somehow interrelated.

D) Calories from fat are correlated with an increase in heart disease.

E) The intake of 30% more than the recommended dietary fat, is correlated with an increase in heart disease and cancer.

24) A biologist wants to test the effectiveness of a new food additive on growth in mice. An effective control group would be one that

A) ate a higher concentration of food additive.

B) was kept in different conditions across the city with altering food additives.

C) was fed the same ration without the food additive.

D) ate a lower concentration of the food additive.

E) was kept under the same conditions and fed the same ration but without the food additive.

25) A scientist wants to study the effect of vitamin C on colds. He recruits 100 people with colds and gives the experimental group a pill containing 1,000 mg of vitamin C per day. The appropriate control group of this study would be given

A) nothing.

B) 2,000 mg of vitamin C per day.

C) orange juice every day.

D) a pill similar to the one containing vitamin C but lacking vitamin C.

E) 1,000 mg of another brand of vitamin C per day.

26) Imagine that you have discovered a new organism that has all five properties of life. What hereditary material would it have?

27) At the cellular level, explain the hierarchical relationship between macromolecules, atoms, and molecules.

28) Many people think the term "theory" means someone's idea about something. Explain the scientific use of the term "theory," especially as it relates to the biological concept of evolution.

29) Scientists employ ________ at the very beginning of the scientific process.

A) observations

B) deductions

C) predictions

D) experiments

E) theories

30) After scientists observed that an ozone hole was developing over Antarctica, they measured levels of chemicals in the upper atmosphere. They found a surprising concentration of ozone-destroying

A) chlorofluorocarbons.

B) helium.

C) super nitric oxide.

D) mercury.

E) nitrogen.

31) In 1865, Gregor Mendel stated that all genes of an organism are inherited as discrete units. This is known as the

A) theory of evolution.

B) theory of heredity.

C) natural selection observation.

D) gene theory.

E) cell theory.

32) The cell theory

A) is supported by evidence provided by Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann.

B) states cells come from preexisting cells.

C) states living organisms are composed of cells.

D) states cells are the basic unit of life.

E) All of the answer choices related to the cell theory.

33) At the end of an experiment, a conclusion is formed based on the

A) analysis of the experiment.

B) general observations during the experiment.

C) needs of the group funding the experiment.

D) feelings or beliefs of the scientist conducting the experiment.

E) All of these choices are used by scientists to form conclusions.

34) Which kingdom contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that live on the land?

A) Fungi

B) Plantae

C) Animalia

D) Protista

E) Archaea

35) Which kingdom contains nonphotosynthetic multicellular organisms that digest their food externally?

A) Fungi

B) Plantae

C) Animalia

D) Protista

E) Archaea

36) Which kingdom contains nonphotosynthetic multicellular organisms that digest their food internally?

A) Fungi

B) Plantae

C) Animalia

D) Protista

E) Archaea

37) The theory of evolution states that genetic changes are passed to future generations from parent to offspring.

38) Some living organisms possess RNA as their only genetic material.

39) The theory of ________ explains the diversity of finch observed on the Galápagos Islands.

40) Which statement would lose points on an exam about the scientific process?

A) Hypotheses can be rejected.

B) Alternative hypotheses can be proposed and tested after initial experimentation.

C) A scientific theory is mainly an educated "guess."

D) Supernatural phenomena are not scientifically testable.

E) In a control experiment, the variable is not altered.

41) Heat maps of the atmosphere indicate where the ozone layer is thinning. In thinner areas, you could hypothesize that there are higher amounts of ________ being emitted.

42) Explain how a depletion in ozone might lead to a rise in the incidence of skin cancer.