Chapter 13: Managing Health Care

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Genetic screening is NOT available for ______ cancer.

A. breast

B. colorectal

C. ovarian

D. pancreatic

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Health Screening

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The textbook states, “that by detecting a treatable disease or abnormality in its early stages, screening may enable the individual’s life to be prolonged or enhanced.” This statement means that screening enables ______ prevention.

A. primary

B. secondary

C. positive

D. tertiary

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits of Screening

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Bloch and colleagues (1989) found one-______ of those sampled reported they would consider suicide if they learned they tested positive Huntington’s disease.

A. fifth

B. quarter

C. third

D. half

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Costs of Screening

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Callie is 52 and considering a mammogram. All else being equal, this screening procedure is ______.

A. almost certainly useless

B. probably useless

C. probably useful

D. almost certainly useful

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Costs of Screening

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. The textbook suggests that the likelihood of following recommended screening guidelines is positively associated with ______.

A. both education and income

B. education, but not income

C. income, but not education

D. neither education nor income

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Predictors of Screening

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. If one were to graph the function relating anxiety regarding a particular health condition and the probability of receiving a screening for the same condition, one would draw ______.

A. a horizontal line

B. a positively sloped diagonal line

C. a negatively sloped diagonal line

D. an inverted U

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Predictors of Screening

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Chandni’s state is gripped by a flu epidemic. Chandni is alert to the slightest hint of a scratchy throat, and the faintest suggestion of aching joints. After all, her friend Pippa tested positive for the flu, and is staying home from school and work, drinking hot tea and sleeping most of the day. Which statement is true?

A. Both Chandni and Pippa display illness behavior.

B. Both Chandni and Pippa display sick-role behavior.

C. Chandni exhibits illness behavior, whereas Pippa displays sick-role behavior.

D. Chandni exhibits sick-role behavior, whereas Pippa displays illness behavior.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Health Care Utilization

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Tyree is 11; his parents have recently divorced. He feels nauseous and throws up most Sunday evenings, when he returns home to his mother after staying with his Dad over the weekend. Tyree may be a ______.

A. somatizer

B. blunter

C. hypochondriac

D. monitor

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Individual Differences

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Recall the stages of delay model of seeking medical help. In order, the first and second stages of delay in the model are ______ delay and ______ delay.

A. appraisal; behavioral

B. appraisal; illness

C. behavioral; illness

D. illness; appraisal

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Stages of Delay

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. About one-______ of all Americans use some form of complementary or alternative medicine.

A. fifth

B. quarter

C. third

D. half

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Research (e.g., Freedman et al., 2001) reveals that critically ill patients may experience as many as ______ disruptions per night in the hospital.

A. 15

B. 25

C. 40

D. 60

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Negative Effects of Hospitalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which alternative reflects the relative likelihood of a cesarean section among pregnant women with chronic hypertension (H), pregnant women with “white-coat” hypertension only (WCH), and pregnant with no hypertension (NH)?

A. WCH > H > NH

B. H > (WCH = NH)

C. H > WCH > NH

D. (WCH = H) > NH

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Negative Effects of Hospitalization

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. In general, the amount of information patients receive about what to expect during their hospital stay is ______ correlated with the length of the hospital stay.

A. negatively

B. not

C. perfectly

D. positively

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Provide Information

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Kulik and colleagues (1996) found that as compared to other heart surgery patients, heart surgery patients who had a hospital roommate who had already undergone the same type of surgery had ______.

A. shorter stays, but about the same amount of anxiety

B. less anxiety, but hospital stays that weren’t any shorter

C. about the same amount of anxiety, and hospital stays that weren’t any shorter

D. not only less anxiety, but shorter stays as well

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Provide Information

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. With respect to increasing hospitalized patients’ feeling of control, providing relaxation training is to increasing ______ control as offering training in distraction techniques is to increasing ______ control.

A. behavioral; emotional

B. behavioral; cognitive

C. emotional; cognitive

D. cognitive; behavioral

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Train in Coping Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. In research cited in the textbook, Ulrich (1984) reviewed the records of patients who had gallbladder surgery during a period of about 10 years and noted whether the patient’s hospital room overlooked a group of trees or a brick wall. This is an example of ______ research.

A. experimental

B. survey

C. quasi-experimental

D. archival

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Change the Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. As compared to the ability of physiological measures to predict health, how patients say they feel is ______.

A. much worse

B. somewhat worse

C. equally good

D. better

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Challenges in Patient–Practitioner Communication

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Men who hold traditional views about masculinity ______.

A. prefer male to female doctors, and conceal more information from their doctors

B. conceal more information from their doctors, but show no preference for male over female doctors

C. prefer male to female doctors, but disclose as much information to their doctors as women do

D. show no preference for male over female doctors, and disclose as much information to their doctors as women do

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patients Fail to Share Information

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. With respect to models of patient–practitioner interaction, ______ is to doctor-centered as ______ is to patient-centered.

A. activity-passivity; mutual interaction

B. mutual interaction; activity-passivity

C. activity-passivity; guidance-cooperation

D. guidance-cooperation; mutual interaction

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Models of Patient–Practitioner Interaction

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. Patients who undergo a 20-min assertiveness training session are better at eliciting information from their doctors. In addition, they report fewer symptoms and take fewer sick days for about ______ month(s) after visiting their physicians.

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 6

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Strategies for Improving Patient-Practitioner Interaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The rate of nonadherence to medical regimes averages about ______.

A. 15%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 55%

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adherence

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The ______ day is the median day on which patients prescribed a 10-day course of penicillin stop taking the medicine.

A. third

B. fifth

C. sixth

D. eighth

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adherence

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Within a very short period, people tend to forget ______ of the instructions they receive at medical appointments.

A. very little

B. some

C. about half

D. almost all

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Causes of Unintentional Nonadherence

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. The “adherence ceiling” in medical regimens seems to be about ______ pills per day.

A. two

B. three

C. five

D. six

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Decreasing Intentional Nonadherence

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Sylvia’s pharmacy includes a fridge sticker reminding customers to take their medication in the bag along with the pill bottles. Before tossing the sticker along with the receipt and the bag, Sylvia should know that the sticker is likely to increase the likelihood that she will take the medicine as instructed by a factor of ______.

A. 1.25

B. 1.5

C. 2

D. 2.5

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Seeking Professional Help

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Genetic testing is now available for over 1,000 disorders.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Critiques of Early Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The anxiety that follows a positive health screening result almost always declines fairly quickly.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Examine issues in health screening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Costs of Screening

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Concerns about the potential cost may lengthen the delay in seeking health care by as much as a factor of 5.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Income

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Acupuncture and massage are the most common forms or complementary and alternative medicine.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The average length of a hospital stay in the United States is 2–3 days.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Experience of Hospitalization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Physicians provide more information than their patients really want.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Doctors Fail to Listen and Communicate

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Physicians now spend literally half their time completing “paperwork.”

Learning Objective: 13-4: Compare different issues in health care interactions.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Burnout in Health Care Professionals

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Evidence against the safety of vaccinations has been discredited.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain factors involved in measuring, predicting, and increasing adherence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Decreasing Intentional Nonadherence

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Identify and define three of the five stages of delay in the stages of delay model of seeking medical care. Provide a concrete example of each. Finally, identify two influences on the length of delay at one or more of the stages.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Review factors that influence health care utilization.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Stages of Delay

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Administrators at a large hospital wish to lower costs by decreasing the mean length of hospital stays by 1 day. The team consults with a health psychologist who suggests a number of relatively inexpensive practices that have been empirically demonstrated to shorten hospital stays. Outline some of the health psychologists’ suggestions, noting their effect on hospital stays and citing research evidence where applicable.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Summarize the experience of hospitalization.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Improving the Hospital Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium