Chapter 11: Leading Causes of Mortality: Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Coronary heart disease is BEST described as ______.

A. the leading cause of death among adults

B. one of the top 3 leading causes of death among adults

C. one of the top 5 leading causes of death among adults

D. one of the top 10 leading causes of death among adults

Learning Objective: 11-1: Describe the biology of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Coronary Heart Disease

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Clogged arteries are to ______ as hardened arteries are to ______.

A. arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis

B. myocardial infarction; angina

C. atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis

D. angina; myocardial infarction

Learning Objective: 11-1: Describe the biology of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Coronary Heart Disease

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Miles clutches his chest as he experiences a sharp pain and a feeling of tightness. It passes quickly, but Miles worries that he may have a heart attack “for real” in the future if he doesn’t make some changes. Miles has experienced ______.

A. hypertension

B. atherosclerosis

C. angina

D. a myocardial infarction

Learning Objective: 11-1: Describe the biology of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding Coronary Heart Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. About ______ of all strokes and cases of heart disease worldwide are due to high blood pressure.

A. one-third

B. one-half

C. two-thirds

D. three-quarters

Learning Objective: 11-1: Describe the biology of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medical Conditions

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A longitudinal study of over 23,000 men found that those who didn’t smoke, exercised regularly, and maintained recommended weight were almost ______ less likely to experience heart problems than were men with all of these risk factors (Lee and colleagues, 2009).

A. 40%

B. 50%

C. 60%

D. 70%

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Behavioral Choices

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Some researchers have hypothesized a link between the experience of discrimination and high blood pressure among people of color. This link has been found among ______.

A. both working-class and professional African Americans

B. neither working-class nor professional African Americans

C. working-class African Americans, but not professional African Americans

D. professional African Americans, but not working-class African Americans

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Stress

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. ______ is NOT one of the components of the Type A personality.

A. Hostility

B. Competitiveness

C. Time-urgency

D. Insecurity

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Type A Behavior Pattern

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Morrie is anxious, tense, and pessimistic. Morrie is BEST described as having a Type ______ personality.

A. A

B. B

C. D

D. X

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Type D Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Recall the Big Five personality dimensions, sometimes called the Five-Factor Model of personality. Low agreeableness is to Type ______ as high neuroticism is to Type ______.

A. A; B

B. A; D

C. B; D

D. D; A

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Type D Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Every year, ______ people who have already had at least one heart attack have a second or subsequent attack.

A. 50,000

B. 100,000

C. 200,000

D. 500,000

Learning Objective: 11-3: Summarize strategies for reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Recurring Heart Attacks

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. With respect to reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks, a health education program is LEAST likely to contain a unit on ______.

A. exercise routines

B. healthy diet

C. smoking cessation

D. problem-focused coping

Learning Objective: 11-3: Summarize strategies for reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stress Management Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. One disadvantage of programs that combine health education and stress management techniques is that they ______.

A. have no effect on rates of coronary heart disease

B. can be quite expensive

C. produce only short-lived changes

D. are difficult for patients to follow

Learning Objective: 11-3: Summarize strategies for reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Combined Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Close to ______ of all Americans will be diagnosed with cancer at some point in their lives.

A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

Learning Objective: 11-4: Describe the biology of cancer and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cancer

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The leading cause of cancer deaths ______.

A. differs between men and women; it is lung cancer among men and breast cancer among women

B. differs between men and women; it is prostate cancer among men and ovarian cancer among women

C. is the same for men and women: it is pancreatic cancer

D. is the same for men and women: it is lung cancer

Learning Objective: 11-4: Describe the biology of cancer and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cancer

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. As compared to benign tumors, malignant tumors ______.

A. grow more slowly

B. are less likely to spread

C. are less similar to surrounding tissue

D. less often reflect mutations

Learning Objective: 11-4: Describe the biology of cancer and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Positive Effects

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Which choice BEST expresses the proportion of cancers that are influenced by inherited genetic factors?

A. a small minority

B. a substantial minority

C. most

D. nearly all

Learning Objective: 11-4: Describe the biology of cancer and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Genetics

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. As much as ______ of cancers may be preventable.

A. 55%

B. 65%

C. 75%

D. 85%

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavioral Choices

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. In order, the top 2 preventable causes of cancer are ______.

A. obesity and smoking

B. smoking and obesity

C. smoking and alcohol use

D. alcohol use and obesity

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Behavioral Choices

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Kiara and Tiana are both African American 21-year-olds. Neither smokes; neither is overweight. Both eat similar diets. Kiara, however, exercises 4 times each week; Tiana does not exercise. Tiana’s risk of breast cancer is ______ times as high as Kiara’s.

A. 1.5

B. 2

C. 2.5

D. 3

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Exercise

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. The stereotype of the suburbanite who presents a perfect, pretty picture to the world, scrupulously denying or repressing any hint of difficulty or unpleasantness, BEST illustrates the Type ______ personality.

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Which character BEST reflects the Type C personality?

A. “Perfect” Paula

B. “Angry” Ann

C. “Dramatic” Dawn

D. “Nervous” Nell

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. As compared to women with breast cancer who are less involved in decision-making regarding their treatment and follow-up, women who are MORE involved in decision-making show ______.

A. less improvement

B. similar levels of improvement

C. more improvement for a short period, then the same level of improvement

D. more improvement for a long time

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Perceiving Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. After surviving breast cancer, Carol finds her closest relationships are deeper than they had been, and her spiritual life seems richer. Carol’s example BEST illustrates ______.

A. benefit finding

B. post-traumatic growth

C. positive reappraisal

D. problem-focused coping

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Focusing on the Positive

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. As compared to married cancer patients, single cancer patients are more likely to ______.

A. have metastatic cancer

B. get treated at an earlier stage

C. get more appropriate treatment

D. live longer

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. With respect to the evaluation of the effectiveness of social support groups for cancer patients, the research evidence is BEST described as ______.

A. nonexistent

B. negative

C. mixed

D. positive

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Support Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Each year, one in four deaths are due to heart disease.

Learning Objective: 11-1: Describe the biology of coronary heart disease and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Coronary Heart Disease

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Moderate alcohol use increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Feeling lonely or socially isolated may increase the risk of angina, a heart attack, or stroke by about 30%.

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Loneliness

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. An anger management program is likely to reduce the risk of a heart attack recurring.

Learning Objective: 11-3: Summarize strategies for reducing the risk of recurring heart attacks.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stress Management Strategies

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. About 15–20% of breast cancers are clearly linked to genetic factors.

Learning Objective: 11-4: Describe the biology of cancer and its risk factors.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Genetics

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. About 65% of all cases of cancer stem from smoking cigarettes.

Learning Objective: 11-5: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Smoking

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Over 20% of those diagnosed with cancer meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD 6 months later.

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Factors Influencing Coping with Cancer

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Cancer is more likely to spread if the patient is single.

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Coronary heart disease is the Number 1 cause of death among adults. Consider the categories of psychosocial risk factors described in the textbook: behavioral choice, stress, the environment, and personality. Which specific psychosocial risk factors might elevate your own chances of developing CHD? How might you mitigate or eliminate these factors? Provide as thoughtful a response as you can.

Learning Objective: 11-2: Explain how psychosocial factors contribute to coronary heart disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Psychosocial Factors Contributing to Coronary Heart Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Distinguish among personality Types A and D, and identify which is/are associated with coronary heart disease, and which is/are associated with cancer.

Learning Objective: 11-6: Summarize strategies for coping with cancer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium