Chapter 10 Vaughn From Hobbes To Hume Exam Prep

Chapter 10: From Hobbes to Hume

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 01

1) The career and writings of __________ mark the beginning of the modern world.

a. Descartes

b. Locke

c. Spinoza

d. Hobbes

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 02

2) Hume divides propositions into two types: __________.

a. impressions and ideas

b. relations of ideas and matters of fact

c. divinely revealed and empirically perceived

d. a priori and posteriori

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 03

3) According to Hume, __________ alone renders our experience useful to us.

a. sensation

b. divine guidance

c. reason

d. custom

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 04

4) Berkeley thinks that an object is __________.

a. a collection of sensations

b. the collection of its primary qualities

c. a collection of God’s attributes

d. its cumulative causal power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 05

5) Locke says that a __________ quality is one that is utterly inseparable from a body.

a. tertiary

b. primary

c. secondary

d. divine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 06

6) Locke claims that __________ qualities are nothing in the objects themselves.

a. tertiary

b. primary

c. secondary

d. divine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 07

7) Locke argues against __________.

a. innate ideas

b. ideas derived from contemplation

c. ideas derived from sense perception

d. fictitious ideas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 08

8) According to Hobbes, notions of morality and justice __________ in the state of nature.

a. still apply

b. refer to objective standards

c. have no place

d. serve as guiding ideals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 09

9) Berkeley asserts that existing and perceiving are __________.

a. one and the same thing

b. both nonexistent

c. two distinct things

d. imaginary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 10

10) Berkeley insists that heat and cold are __________.

a. illusions

b. physical objects

c. only things existing apart from our minds

d. only sensations existing in our minds

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 11

11) Berkeley believes that sensible things cannot exist except in __________.

a. a mind

b. absolute existence

c. material substance

d. a material universe

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 12

12) Berkeley concludes that God exists because __________.

a. material substance exists

b. all sensible things must be perceived by him

c. God perceives all things having absolute subsistence

d. God is material substance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 13

13) Locke’s purpose is to inquire into __________.

a. authoritative opinions about knowledge

b. the structure and functions of the brain

c. the origin and extent of human knowledge

d. the essence of the soul

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 14

14) Locke asserts that all the components of reason and knowledge come from __________.

a. memory

b. experience

c. the mind of God

d. logic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 15

15) Locke believes that we have nothing in our minds that did not come from __________.

a. sensation and reflection

b. reflection on innate ideas

c. reason alone

d. cultural memory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 16

16) According to Locke, secondary qualities are __________.

a. inherent in the object

b. powers the object has to produce sensations in us

c. fundamental features of the human mind

d. what makes an object distinct from another object

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 17

17) The difficulty of justifying the assumption that the future will be like the past is known as the problem of __________.

a. science

b. deduction

c. induction

d. incoherence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 18

18) Hume argues that the principle of induction can be neither an a priori truth nor a(n) __________.

a. a priori falsehood

b. a posteriori falsehood

c. truth of mathematics

d. a posteriori fact

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 19

19) Hume observes that to argue that the principle of induction can be established by experience is to __________.

a. make a valid argument

b. prove too much

c. state the obvious

d. beg the question

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 20

20) According to Hume, we rely on the principle of induction because it is __________.

a. an established truth

b. a habit of mind

c. confirmed by science

d. inductively proven

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 21

21) According to Hume, all our thought is restricted to manipulating the materials provided to us by __________.

a. logic

b. a priori knowledge

c. the senses and experience

d. theorems

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 22

22) Hume believes that propositions that are discoverable by the mere operation of thought are those regarding __________.

a. matters of fact

b. the knowledge of the sciences

c. sensory relations

d. relations of ideas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 23

23) Hume says that all reasonings concerning matters of fact are founded on the relation of __________.

a. a priori ideas

b. propositions of certainty

c. cause and effect

d. logical ideas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 24

24) Hobbes defines injustice specifically as __________.

a. disobeying a sovereign

b. disobeying God’s law

c. breaking a contract or covenant

d. an unequal distribution of goods

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 25

25) According to Hobbes and Locke, political states are made legitimate by __________.

a. their power

b. the divine right of kings

c. a social contract

d. their utility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 26

26) __________ advances both materialism and egoism.

a. Hobbes

b. Hume

c. Locke

d. Berkeley

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 27

27) According to Hobbes, human beings are by nature __________.

a. irrational and violent

b. benevolent and trusting

c. selfish and dishonest

d. altruistic and caring

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 28

28) Locke rejected the notion of __________.

a. empirical knowledge

b. relations of ideas

c. innate ideas

d. sense data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 29

29) The heart of Spinoza’s metaphysics is his concept of __________.

a. matter

b. substance

c. mind

d. cause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 30

30) According to Leibniz, the philosophies of Descartes, Spinoza, and Locke all lack a plausible understanding of __________.

a. matter

b. substance

c. mind

d. cause

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 31

31) According to Spinoza’s metaphysics, there is only one substance and that substance is God.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 32

32) According to Hume, judgments reflecting relations of ideas are empirical in nature.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 33

33) According to Hume, judgments reflecting matters of fact are a priori in nature.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 34

34) Hume believes that external objects resemble internal perceptions.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 35

35) Berkeley declares that there is no such thing as material substance.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 36

36) Berkeley thinks that the sweet or bitter taste of food is inherent in the food itself.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 37

37) Berkeley accepts the conventional philosophical distinction between primary and secondary qualities.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 38

38) Berkeley thinks that sensible things have real existence, that is, existence independent of a perceiver.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 39

39) Locke says that a primary quality is one that is utterly inseparable from a body.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 40

40) Locke claims that secondary qualities are nothing in the objects themselves.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 41

41) According to Locke, objects do not exist independently of a perceiver.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 42

42) According to Locke, all knowledge begins with sensory experience.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 43

43) Hume argues that science should stop relying on the principle of induction.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 44

44) Empirical evidence can show that the principle of induction is true.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 45

45) The principle of induction cannot be justified a priori.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 46

46) Leibniz argues that compound substances are composed out of simple material atoms he calls monads.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 47

47) Locke accepts the view that we have innate ideas about metaphysical truths.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 48

48) Locke argues that even if there were particular truths that all people agreed on, that fact would not prove the existence of innate ideas.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 49

49) Hume thinks that causes and effects are discoverable by reason.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 50

50) According to Leibniz, God has free will but human beings do not.

a. True

b. False