Vaughn Test Bank Docx Ch.8 The Medieval Period

Chapter 8: The Medieval Period

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 01

1) The most powerful trend in the Medieval period was the rise of __________.

a. pagan cults

b. Christianity

c. Islam

d. Neoplatonism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 02

2) __________ was the pivot point between Greco-pagan and Christian thinking.

a. Aquinas

b. Avicenna

c. Augustine

d. Anselm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 03

3) In his youth, Augustine devoted much of his time to __________.

a. sensual indulgence

b. religious observance

c. rampant criminality

d. charitable works

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 04

4) __________ is known for the principle of parsimony.

a. Augustine

b. Ockham

c. Aquinas

d. Anselm

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 05

5) Neoplatonism is a philosophical view that blends __________.

a. Plato’s metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or nonreligious ideas

b. Plato’s metaphysics and other materialist or religious ideas

c. Aristotle’s metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or religious ideas

d. Plato’s metaphysics and other nonmaterialist or religious ideas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 06

6) A truth that could not have been false is a(n) __________ truth.

a. objective

b. necessary

c. modal

d. religious

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 07

7) Augustine argues for degrees of reality, which reflects the influence of __________ on his thought.

a. Plato

b. Aristotle

c. the Stoics

d. Pythagoras

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 08

8) According to Augustine’s hierarchy of being, __________.

a. goodness correlates to reality

b. God is the penultimate reality

c. everything that is, is equally real

d. there is no nothingness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 09

9) Augustine defines evil as the privation of __________.

a. reality

b. good

c. God

d. faith

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 10

10) Augustine rejects total skepticism because __________.

a. God would not deprive us of the means for acquiring knowledge

b. we never make mistakes

c. skepticism is logically contradictory

d. we cannot be mistaken about the fact of our own existence

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 11

11) A teleological argument reasons from __________.

a. apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer

b. the concept of God to the existence of God

c. similarities between divine and material attributes to the existence of God

d. the fact of cause and effect to a first cause, namely God

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 12

12) An ontological argument reasons from __________.

a. apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer

b. the concept of God to the existence of God

c. the existence of the universe or cosmos to the existence of God

d. the fact of cause and effect to a first cause, namely God

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 13

13) Anselm advances a version of the __________ argument.

a. teleological

b. cosmological

c. ontological

d. causal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 14

14) Gaunilo criticized Anselm’s ontological argument because __________.

a. existence is not predicate

b. it can be used to generate absurd conclusions

c. it defines God incorrectly

d. the supposition of its second premise is false

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 15

15) Hildegard was one of the first __________ in the West.

a. female logicians

b. religious mystics

c. philosophical skeptics

d. successful female poets

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 16

16) According to Kant, to say that something exists is to __________.

a. add an additional property to it

b. postulate a change in the thing’s essence

c. not add any additional property to it

d. add a concept to the concept of the thing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 17

17) According to Kant’s criticism of the ontological argument, “being” is not a real __________.

a. predicate

b. concept

c. idea

d. contradiction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 18

18) Aquinas’s thought is deeply influenced by __________.

a. Heraclitus

b. Parmenides

c. Plato

d. Aristotle

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 19

19) A cosmological argument reasons from __________.

a. apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer

b. the concept of God to the existence of God

c. the existence of the universe to the existence of God

d. the fact of cause and effect to a first cause, namely God

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 20

20) Aquinas’s “Five Ways” include the argument from __________.

a. faith

b. divine revelation

c. contingency

d. motion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 21

21) Natural law theory is the view that right actions are those that __________.

a. conform to God’s commands

b. promote human happiness

c. conform to universal law

d. conform to moral standards rationally discernable in nature

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 22

22) __________ developed what is now known as natural law theory.

a. Ockham

b. Augustine

c. Anselm

d. Aquinas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 23

23) According to the doctrine of __________, performing a good action may sometimes be morally acceptable even if it produces a bad effect.

a. bad effect

b. causation

c. double effect

d. good effect

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 24

24) According to the doctrine of __________, __________ is not one of the four “tests” that an action must pass to be judged morally permissible.

a. bad effect; the action itself must be morally permissible

b. causation; the end does not justify the means

c. double effect; the end justifies the means

d. good effect; the bad effect can be foreseen but never intended

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 25

25) Avicenna contributed to distinctions in __________.

a. ontology

b. optometry

c. zoology

d. epistemology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 26

26) __________ advances an argument for the existence of the soul that is later similar to Descartes’s argument for the existence of the self.

a. Aquinas

b. Avicenna

c. Anselm

d. Augustine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 27

27) Avicenna developed a sophisticated __________ argument, used later by __________.

a. ontological; Anselm

b. cosmological; Aquinas

c. cosmological; Anselm

d. ontological; Aquinas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 28

28) Maimonides is best known as a(n) __________ scholar.

a. Islamic

b. Christian

c. Jewish

d. Hindu

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 29

29) Maimonides attempts to reconcile religious tradition with philosophy, especially __________ thought.

a. Anselm’s

b. Aquinas’s

c. Platonic

d. Aristotelian

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 08 Question 30

30) Maimonides sought truth through __________.

a. reason

b. sensation

c. tradition

d. religion

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 31

31) According to Gaunilo’s criticism of Anselm, being is not a predicate.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 32

32) Augustine advocates skepticism because he believes there is nothing about which we cannot be mistaken.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 33

33) Aquinas advances an ontological argument for the existence of God that enlists a perfect island thought experiment.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 34

34) Aquinas fused Plato’s philosophy with Christian doctrine.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 35

35) Aquinas is perhaps best known for his arguments for the existence of God and his ethical system, known as natural law theory.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 36

36) Aquinas offers “Five Ways” or proofs of God’s existence.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 37

37) Avicenna argues for the existence of an immaterial soul.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 38

38) A necessary truth is a truth that one needs to support a claim.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 39

39) According to Augustine, moral evil is evil that comes from demonic influences on people’s choices and actions.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 40

40) Teleological arguments reason from the concept of God to the existence of God.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 41

41) Ontological arguments reason from the concept of God to the existence of God.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 42

42) Teleological arguments reason from apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 43

43) Ontological arguments reason from apparent signs of design or purposeful creation in the world to the existence of a supreme designer.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 44

44) Cosmological arguments reason from the existence of the universe to the conclusion that God exists.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 45

45) Natural law theory is a theory about nature.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 46

46) The doctrine of double effect disallows bad consequences stemming from good actions.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 47

47) Mysticism is the belief in the alleged ability to access, through trances or visions, divine knowledge that is otherwise unattainable.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 48

48) According to Maimonides, there can be no contradiction between religious texts and the deliverances of reason.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 49

49) The principle of parsimony admonishes that in devising explanations or theories to explain a phenomenon, we should be as thorough as possible.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 08 Question 50

50) Natural law theory is undergirded by a teleological conception of nature.

a. True

b. False