Ch9 Test Bank Answers The Sensory System

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) All sensory receptors can generate action potentials.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The thalamus functions as a sensory relay center in the brain.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) The rate of action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle stretch.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) The conjunctiva covers the cornea.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Rods and cones are evenly distributed throughout the entire retina.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) The image, ╓ is projected onto the retina as ╜.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Recalling memories of visual images and recognizing image forms are functions performed by visual association cortex.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) The pitch of a sound depends on which part of the basilar membrane vibrates.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) The fluid in between the bony and membranous labyrinths is perilymph.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) The base of the spiral organ responds to low frequencies of sound.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) Movement of fluid in a semicircular duct will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia of hair cells, triggering a response.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Rotational movements of the head are a component of static equilibrium.

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
15) Choose the structures that light passes through to get to the retina.

A) Sclera
B) Pupil
C) Aqueous humor
D) Vitreous humor
E) Ciliary body
F) Lens
G) Choroid

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
16) When astimulus occurs, sensory systems start the process of signaling its occurrencewith a(n)

A) action potential.
B) all-or-none response.
C) receptor potential.
D) postsynaptic potential.
E) ectopic response.

17) Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors?

A) Taste
B) Olfaction
C) Proprioception
D) Taste and olfaction

18) What type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

A) Mechanoreceptor
B) Thermoreceptor
C) Photoreceptor
D) Chemoreceptor

19) Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the

A) somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.
B) prefrontal area of the frontal lobe.
C) visual area of the occipital lobe.
D) primary motor area of the frontal lobe.

20) Which type of receptor are proprioceptors, pressure receptors, and equilibrium receptors?

A) Pain receptors
B) Photoreceptors
C) Chemoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors

21) Which receptors detectwhen a body tissue is damaged?

A) Pain receptors
B) Photoreceptors
C) Proprioceptors
D) Golgi organs

22) Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of

A) pain.
B) temperature.
C) pressure.
D) limb position.

23) Information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are used for

A) maintaining equilibrium and posture.
B) processing pain.
C) registering pressure.
D) registering light touch.

24) The function of muscle spindles is to detect

A) muscle stretch.
B) muscle contraction.
C) muscle relaxation.
D) None apply.

25) The response to signals from muscle spindles is to

A) decrease the degree of muscle contraction.
B) increase the degree of muscle relaxation.
C) increase the degree of muscle contraction.
D) decrease the frequency of impulses to muscles.

26) The response to signals from Golgi tendon organs is to

A) decrease the degree of muscle contraction.
B) decrease the degree of muscle relaxation.
C) increase the degree of muscle contraction.
D) None apply.

27) Excessive muscle contraction will activate

A) muscle spindles.
B) Golgi tendon organs.
C) Merkel disks.
D) Meissner corpuscles.

28) Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT sensitive to fine touch?

A) Meissner corpuscles
B) Root hair plexus
C) Pacinian corpuscles
D) Merkel disks

29) Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT sensitive to pressure?

A) Ruffini endings
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Pacinian corpuscles

30) Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus?

A) Merkel disks - fine touch
B) Free nerve endings - heat or cold
C) Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch
D) Ruffini endings - pressure

31) What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the forearm?

A) Ruffini ending
B) Pacinian corpusle
C) Meissner corpuscle
D) Root hair plexus

32) Temperature receptors of the skin are

A) Ruffini endings.
B) Krause end bulbs.
C) free nerve endings.
D) Merkel disks.

33) Which type of receptor is mainly found in the papillary layer of the dermis of hairless skin?

A) Ruffini endings
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Meissner corpuscles
D) Merkel disks

34) The feeling of pain on the body surface that has its origin in an internal organ is called

A) nociception.
B) proprioception.
C) referred pain.
D) visceral pain.

35) Which type of receptor helps sense the pain of a heart attack (when cardiac muscle is deprived of oxygen)?

A) Somatic mechanoreceptors.
B) Somatic nociceptors
C) Visceral mechanoreceptors
D) Visceral nociceptors
E) Autonomic baroreceptors

36) Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor?

A) Taste of pizza
B) Carbon dioxide level of the blood
C) An ice cube on the skin
D) Smell of roses

37) The sensory receptors for taste are located in

A) taste buds.
B) salivary glands.
C) the teeth.
D) the cheeks.

38) Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

A) Umami
B) Sweet
C) Bitter
D) Minty
E) Salty

39) The gustatory (taste) area of the cerebrum is located in the

A) parietal lobe.
B) insula.
C) frontal lobe.
D) parietal lobe and insula.

40) Taste cells have __________ that project through the taste pore.

A) cilia
B) desmosomes
C) dendrites
D) microvilli

41) Which of the following is INCORRECT about olfaction (smell)?

A) Olfactory cells are modified neurons.
B) Olfactory cilia have receptors for odor molecules.
C) There are 23 primary odors.
D) What we taste is related to what we smell.

42) The olfactory receptors are located

A) in the roof of the nasal cavity.
B) on nasal mucosa end bulbs.
C) in the back of the throat.
D) in the paranasal sinuses.

43) The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the

A) insula.
B) parietal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) frontal lobe.

44) An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved.

A) reticular activating system
B) limbic system
C) somatosensory area
D) cerebrospinal fluid

45) Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye?

A) Ethmoid
B) Palatine
C) Zygomatic
D) Temporal

46) The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the

A) conjunctiva.
B) lacrimal apparatus.
C) aqueous humor.
D) sclera.

47) The structures that produce and drain tears is called the

A) conjunctiva.
B) lacrimal apparatus.
C) aqueous humor.
D) sclera.
E) palatine process.

48) What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes?

A) Lubricate the eye surface
B) Protect the eye from infection
C) Remove debris from the eye surface
D) Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface

49) The three pairs of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called ____ muscles.

A) intrinsic
B) extrinsic

50) The medial rectus muscle

A) rolls the eye upward.
B) turns the eye outward, away from the midline.
C) turns the eye inward, toward the midline.
D) rotates the eye clockwise.

51) The superior oblique muscle

A) rolls the eye upward.
B) turns the eye outward, away from the midline.
C) rotates the eye counterclockwise.
D) rotates the eye clockwise.

52) The inferior rectus muscle

A) rolls the eye downward.
B) rotates the eye clockwise.
C) turns the eye inward, toward the midline.
D) rolls the eye upward.

53) Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) Oculomotor
B) Abducens
C) Trigeminal
D) Trochlear

54) Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

A) Lateral rectus muscle
B) Medial rectus muscle
C) Superior oblique muscle
D) Inferior rectus muscle

55) If someone wanted to gaze at something to their right, they would contract the

A) lateral rectus of both eyes.
B) medial rectus of both eyes.
C) lateral rectus of the right eye and medial rectus of the left eye.
D) medial rectus of the right eye and lateral rectus of the left eye.

56) Photoreceptors are located in the

A) retina.
B) cornea.
C) choroids.
D) sclera.

57) Absorption of stray light rays (not absorbed by photoreceptors) occurs in the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) choroid.
D) sclera.

58) The shape of the lens is controlled by the

A) retina.
B) cornea.
C) choroids.
D) ciliary body.

59) Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye.

A) retina
B) cornea
C) choroid
D) sclera

60) What is the function of the iris?

A) Changes the shape of the lens
B) Absorbs stray light rays
C) Regulates the size of the pupil
D) Refracts light rays

61) Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called

A) refraction.
B) accommodation.
C) convergence.
D) transmutation.

62) The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the

A) aqueous humor.
B) lacrimal secretions.
C) vitreous humor.
D) fovea centralis.

63) What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?

A) Vitreous body
B) Bipolar cell layer
C) Blind spot
D) Fovea centralis
E) Optic disk

64) The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the

A) lens.
B) blind spot.
C) ciliary body.
D) fovea.

65) Many people over age forty require reading glasses or bifocals because of

A) elongation of the eye.
B) weakening of the iris.
C) loss of lens elasticity.
D) corneal clouding.
E) dehydration astigmatism.

66) The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the

A) aqueous humor.
B) lacrimal secretions.
C) vitreous humor.
D) fovea centralis.

67) The cones are most densely packed in the

A) blind spot.
B) vitreous humor.
C) fovea centralis.
D) choroids.

68) The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges

A) for distant vision.
B) for close vision.
C) when a person is frightened.
D) when sleeping.

69) To focus on a nearby object

A) the ciliary muscle contracts drawing the suspensory ligaments taut.
B) the ciliary muscle contracts and releases tension on the suspensory ligaments.
C) the ciliary muscle relaxes drawing the suspensory ligaments taut.
D) the ciliary muscle relaxes releasing the tension on the suspensory ligaments.

70) Which is (are) involved in refraction?

A) lens
B) iris
C) choriod
D) All apply.

71) Which of the following is NOT involved in refraction?

A) Cornea
B) Aqueous humor
C) Lens
D) Pupil

72) When light is absorbed by a rod photoreceptor it causes the cell to

A) close ion channels and stop releasing neurotransmitter.
B) close ion channels and release more neurotransmitter.
C) open ion channels and stop releasing neurotransmitter.
D) open ion channels and release more neurotransmitter.

73) Which of the following is (are) true of the rods?

A) See color
B) Function in dim light
C) Located in the fovea centralis
D) All apply.

74) The photopigment rhodopsin is found in

A) rods.
B) cones.

75) Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones?

A) Red
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Blue

76) A ganglion cell receives input from ______ rods.

A) one or a few
B) over one hundred

77) Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?

A) Optic nerve, optic radiations, optic chiasma, ganglion cells, thalamus, optic tract, occipital lobe
B) Optic tract, ganglion cells, optic radiations, thalamus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, temporal lobe
C) Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations, occipital lobe
D) Optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, ganglion cells, parietal lobe

78) The left optic tract contains axons from

A) the left half of each retina.
B) the right half of each retina.
C) the left half of the left retina and the right half of the right retina.
D) the right half of the left retina and the left half of the right retina.

79) Some optic nerve axons from each eye cross the midline at the

A) thalamus.
B) optic chiasma.
C) optic radiations.
D) optic disk.

80) The _______ lead from the eyes to the optic chiasma.

A) optic radiations
B) optic nerves
C) optic tracts

81) The _______ leads from the optic chiasma to the thalamus.

A) optic radiation
B) optic nerve
C) optic tract

82) The _______ lead from the thalamus to the occipital lobe.

A) optic radiations
B) optic nerves
C) optic tracts

83) Clouding of the lens is called

A) a cataract.
B) macular degeneration.
C) detached retina.
D) glaucoma.

84) The most common form of color blindness is related to a recessive mutation on the X chromosome and is more common in _____; as a result, a pigment normally found in _____ is missing.

A) men; cones
B) men; rods
C) women; cones
D) women; rods

85) Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is

A) cataracts.
B) macular degeneration.
C) glaucoma.
D) conjunctivitis.

86) People who can see close objects but who struggle to see those that are far away have

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) astigmatism.

87) Nearsightedness is due to a(n)

A) shortened eyeball.
B) elongated eyeball.
C) damaged lens.
D) damaged cornea.

88) The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as

A) cataracts.
B) glaucoma.
C) a sty.
D) astigmatism.

89) The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________, which will diverge the light rays so that they focus on the retina.

A) concave
B) convex

90) People who can see distant objects better than they can see those that are close have

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) astigmatism.

91) Farsightedness is due to a(n)

A) shortened eyeball.
B) elongated eyeball.
C) damaged lens.
D) damaged cornea.

92) The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______, which will bend the light rays more so that they focus on the retina.

A) concave
B) convex

93) Astigmatism is due to a(n)

A) shortened eyeball.
B) elongated eyeball.
C) misshapen cornea or lens.
D) increased pressure inside the eye.

94) The external auditory canal is part of the

A) middle ear.
B) outer ear.
C) inner ear.

95) The cochlea is part of the

A) middle ear.
B) outer ear.
C) inner ear.

96) The ossicles are part of the

A) middle ear.
B) outer ear.
C) inner ear.

97) Which of the following is NOT an ossicle?

A) Stapes
B) Malleus
C) Cochlea
D) Incus

98) Which of the following is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory (Eustachian) tube?

A) Inner ear
B) Cochlea
C) Middle ear
D) Outer ear

99) What structure does the stapes attach to?

A) Tympanic membrane
B) Oval window
C) Malleus
D) Round window

100) What is the function of the auditory (Eustachian) tube?

A) Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear
B) Allows fluid to drain out of the inner ear
C) Allows passage of the auditory nerve
D) Allows us to hear ourselves speak

101) What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

A) Auditory tube
B) Round window
C) Oval window
D) Tympanic membrane

102) Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing?

A) Ossicles
B) Cochlea
C) Semicircular canals
D) Pinna

103) The receptors for hearing and balance are in the

A) outer ear.
B) middle ear.
C) inner ear.

104) Which of the following structures have hair cells as receptors?

A) Cochlea
B) Semicircular canals
C) Vestibule
D) All apply.

105) The sense organ for hearing is the

A) crista ampullaris.
B) macula.
C) spiral organ.
D) saccule.

106) Which is the correct order, from outer to inner, of the auditory ossicles?

A) Malleus, incus, stapes
B) Incus, malleus, stapes
C) Stapes, incus, malleus
D) Incus, stapes, malleus

107) Which is found inside the membranous labyrinth?

A) Air
B) Perilymph
C) Blood
D) Endolymph

108) The auditory cortex is located in the

A) temporal lobe.
B) parietal lobe.
C) insula.
D) occipital lobe.

109) Where is the spiral organ located?

A) Cochlear duct
B) Vestibular duct
C) Tympanic duct
D) Semicircular duct

110) The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the

A) basilar membrane.
B) tympanic membrane.
C) oval window.
D) tectorial membrane.

111) What substance is found in the cochlear duct?

A) Endolymph
B) Air
C) Perilymph
D) Mucus

112) Which part of the spiral organ responds to low-pitched sounds?

A) The tip
B) The middle
C) The base
D) Along the entire length

113) Which of the following functions in gravitational equilibrium?

A) Saccule
B) Cochlea
C) Semicircular canals
D) Ampulla

114) Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium?

A) Saccule
B) Utricle
C) Semicircular canals
D) Both saccule and utricle are correct.

115) Which of the following is NOT a component of the semicircular canals?

A) Ampulla
B) Cupula
C) Otoliths
D) Endolymph

116) Which of the following is NOT involved in the sense of equilibrium?

A) Vision
B) Hearing
C) Proprioceptors in joints and muscles
D) Cerebellum

117) What structures in the utricle and saccule interact with the stereocilia of hair cells to trigger a response?

A) Ampullae
B) Cupulae
C) Otoliths
D) Cochlea

118) Which ear component tells your brain that you are standing on your head?

A) Semicircular canals
B) Utricle
C) Spiral organ
D) Saccule

119) Which ear component tells your brain that you are doing a sit-spin on the ice?

A) Semicircular canals
B) Utricle and saccule
C) Spiral organ
D) Ossicles

120) Which ear component tells your brain that you slid forward on ice and ran into a wall?

A) Semicircular canals
B) Utricle
C) Spiral organ
D) Saccule

121) The most frequent cause of blindness in the elderly is

A) glaucoma.
B) presbyopia.
C) macular degeneration.
D) presbycusis.
E) diabetic retinopathy.

122) Destruction of the central region of the retina that contains the fovea centralis and results in loss of fine detail vision is known as

A) glaucoma.
B) presbyopia.
C) macular degeneration.
D) cataracts.

123) Age-related decline in hearing is called

A) presbycusis.
B) otosclerosis.
C) conduction deafness.
D) sensorineural deafness.

124) Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the

A) organ of Corti.
B) incus, malleus, and stapes.
C) cochlear nerve.
D) All apply.

125) Poor visual accommodationwith age is known as _______; overgrowth of the ear's ossicles is known as ______.

A) presbyopia; sensorineural deafness
B) presbyopia; otosclerosis
C) macular degeneration; otosclerosis
D) macular degeneration; sensorineural deafness
E) presbycusis; tinnitus