Ch9 DNA and RNA Structure | Test Bank – 7th Edition

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1) Frederick Griffith is responsible for discovering what process?

A) Replication
B) Transmission
C) Transformation
D) Transduction

2) The fact that the type R and S strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae that Griffith worked with possessed small differences in capsule structure satisfies which of the following criteria for genetic material?

A) Transmission
B) Replication
C) Information
D) Variation

3) The individuals who determined that Griffith's transforming principle was DNA were __________.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod,and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

4) The individuals who determined that DNA was responsible for the process of transduction in T2 phage were __________.

A) Hershey and Chase
B) Avery, Macleod,and McCarty
C) Watson and Crick
D) Creighton and McClintock

5) What is a characteristic of T2 bacteriophage?

A) It does not require a host cell for replication.
B) The phage attaches to the cell wall of a target eukaryotic cell.
C) The phages injects its DNA into the host cell.
D) The new phages are formed outside the host cell.

6) What was the conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiments?

A) Their results suggested the presence of a transforming principle.
B) Their results suggested that DNA is a double helix.
C) Their results suggested that A+G=T+C.
D) Their results suggested that the DNA is the genetic material.

7) The building blocks of DNA are called _________.

A) amino acids
B) codons
C) nucleotides
D) alleles

8) What is a component of a single nucleotide?

A) A phosphate group
B) A six carbon sugar
C) All five nitrogenous bases

9) How does DNA differ from RNA?

A) RNA uses only purines.
B) RNA uses a different five-carbon sugar.
C) RNA contains different sized phosphate groups.
D) RNA has multiple bases attached to the sugar.

10) Which base is not found in DNA?

A) Cytosine
B) Guanine
C) Thymidine
D) Adenine
E) Uracil

11) The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ________.

A) peptide bonds
B) ribose sugars
C) nitrogenous bases
D) phosphodiester bonds

12) The individual(s) who used ball and stick models to identify the three-dimensional structure of proteins was __________.

A) Franklin
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hershey and Chase
D) Pauling
E) Chargaff

13) The researcher(s) who initially used X-ray diffraction to gather information on the DNA molecule was __________.

A) Franklin
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hershey and Chase
D) Pauling
E) Chargaff

14) What was the conclusionof Franklin's work regarding the structure of DNA?

A) It did not have a helical structure.
B) The helix had more than one strand.
C) The helix contained about 1 bases per turn.
D) The helix had only one strand.

15) According to Chargaff's rule, if the DNA of a species contains 20% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%

16) The first group of researchers to correctly identify the double-helix structure of DNA were __________.

A) McClintock and Franklin
B) Hershey and Chase
C) Pauling and Avery
D) Watson and Crick

17) In a double-helix DNA strand, the adenine on one strand forms hydrogen bonds with a/an __________ on the other strand.

A) adenine
B) guanine
C) thymine
D) cytosine

18) How many bases are necessary to complete three complete twists (1080 degrees) of a DNA helix?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60

19) The fact that the helixes of the DNA strand are arranged in opposite directions gives DNA its __________ characteristics.

A) antiparallel
B) complementary
C) redundant
D) water-soluble

20) One strand of DNA is 5'–AGGCCTTA–3'. What is the sequence of the opposite strand?

A) 5'–AGGCCTTA–3'
B) 5'–TCCGGAAT–3'
C) 3'–AGGCCTTA–5'
D) 3'–TCCGGAAT–5'

21) What DNA form is most common in living organisms?

A) B DNA
B) Z DNA
C) H DNA

22) Which DNA molecule form is a left-handed?

A) B DNA
B) Z DNA
C) R DNA

23) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty used the enzyme __________ to remove the proteins from the cell extracts.

A) protease
B) DNase
C) RNase
D) All of these choices are correct.

24) T2 phage _______ was labeled using the radioisotope 32P in the Hershey-Chase experiments.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) protein
D) carbohydrates

25) Cells are treated with a drug that blocks purine synthesis. Which bases would not be made in those treated cells?

A) Cytosine, thymine, and uracil
B) Adenine and guanine
C) Adenine and thymine
D) Cytosine and guanine

26) The pyrimidine bases are _______.

A) cytosine, thymine,and uracil
B) adenine andguanine
C) adenine andthymine
D) cytosine andguanine

27) The idea that the adenine and thymine bases of the DNA interact in some manner was first proposed by __________.

A) Watson andCrick
B) Franklin
C) Pauling
D) Chargaff

28) Adenine and thymine form __________ hydrogen bonds between them, while cytosine and guanine form __________ hydrogen bonds.

A) 2; 3
B) 3; 4
C) 3; 2
D) 4; 3

29) What is one of the criteria that all genetic material must meet?

A) It does not contain the information necessary to construct the entire organism.
B) It must be passed from offspring to parent.
C) It must be able tobe copied.
D) It must have alimited amount of variation.

30) Which of the following is a correct matching of the researcher with their discovery?

A) Pauling provided information on primary structure in biological molecules.
B) Franklin suggestedthat DNA was a helix with more than one strand and that there were about 10bases per turn of the DNA.
C) Watson and Crickcollected a large amount of X-ray data on the structure of DNA.
D) Chargaff demonstrated that the adenine and cytosine bases and the uracil and guanine bases interacted in some manner.

31) DNA and RNA are types of __________.

A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) nucleotides
D) nucleosides

32) An enormous variety of genomic structures can be seen among viruses, with a given virus having either a DNA or an RNA genome. The principal genomic component isolated from equine influenza virus is 22% C, 23% A, 22% G and 33% U. Based on this information equine influenza is a __________ virus.

A) single-stranded RNA
B) double-stranded RNA
C) single-stranded DNA
D) double-stranded DNA

33) The arrow points to which type of structure on the RNA molecule depicted below?

A) Bulge loop
B) Internal loop
C) Multibranched junction
D) Stem-loop

34) A nucleoside analog is a synthetic compound that is structurally similar to a naturally occurring nucleoside. Such compounds typically interfere with DNA or RNA synthesis, and are accordingly used as antiviral and anticancer drugs. Illustrated below is the structure of drug used to treat Ebola infection.


Based on its structure, this drug is a(n) _____ analog.

A) adenosine
B) deoxycytidine
C) deoxythymidine
D) guanosine

35) DNA intercalators are molecules capable of fitting between nucleic acid base pairs. A DNA molecule must unwind in order to create a space between consecutive base pairs to allow a given intercalator to insert itself.
The intercalator doxorubicin is used in the treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Treatment of lymphocytes with doxorubicin would disrupt which level of DNA complexity?

A) Nucleotide formation
B) DNA strand formation
C) DNA double-helix formation
D) 3D structure (i.e., DNA folding & bending)

36) With 248,956,422 bp, chromosome 1 is the longest chromosome in the human genome. How long is chromosome 1?

A) 46 cm
B) 85 mm
C) 83 µm
D) 67 nm
E) 9 pm

37) The following sequence forms a stem-loop in the poliovirus (PV) RNA that is bound by PCBP, an RNA-binding protein that functions in both the translation and replication of the PV genomic RNA: 5’-UGGGGUUGUACCCACCCCA-3’. Once formed, how many hydrogen bonds stabilize the stem in this structure?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 14
D) 16
E) 20

38) In the Hershey-Chase experiments, the protein coat of the bacteriophage was labeled with the 32P radioisotope.

⊚ true
⊚ false

39) A nucleoside consists of only a five-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

⊚ true
⊚ false

40) B DNA is recognized as a left-handed molecule.

⊚ true
⊚ false

41) A purine on one strand of the DNA is always paired with a pyrimidine on the other strand.

⊚ true
⊚ false

42) The DNA helix contains major and minor grooves, which assist in the regulating of gene expression.

⊚ true
⊚ false

43) A DNA strand can be described as antiparallel but uncomplementary.

⊚ true
⊚ false