Ch7 Genetic Transfer in Bacteria | Test Bank – 7e

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1) What are the mechanisms by which bacteria preferentially take up DNA from individuals of the same species? Check all that apply.

A) A specific sequence in the species' DNA allows for uptake of DNA fragments that carry that sequence.
B) Peptides that are secreted by the bacteria reach a high concentration when members of the same species are close to one another and these peptides stimulate cells to produce competence proteins.
C) Some speciesrequire a specific calcium level for uptake and the levels of calcium arecorrelated with the number of bacteria in localized area.

2) Select the true statements about conjugation. Choose all that apply.

A) The bacteria must be in physical contact.
B) Strains called donor strains can transfer genetic information.
C) Donor strains can convert recipient strains into donor strains.
D) Bacteriophages are required.
E) Competent cells are used.

3) You are in a lab and are planning to grow bacteria with the genotype met- bio- thr- leu- thi+on agar plates. What amino acids or vitamins must you include on the plates in order for this bacteria to grow? Check all that apply.

A) Methionine
B) Biotin
C) Threonine
D) Leucine
E) Thiamine

4) Among the plasmid types listed here, which two have the most direct relevance to human health?

A) F factors
B) R factors
C) Degradative plasmids
D) Col-plasmids
E) Virulence plasmids

5) Which of the following is true regarding bacterial genetics?

A) Bacteria are usually diploid organisms.
B) Bacteria primarily reproduce sexually.
C) The patterns of inheritance in bacteria are studied using different mechanisms than eukaryotes.
D) Bacteria generally have linear chromosomes.

6) Which of the following represents a mechanism of genetic transfer in bacteria?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

7) Which of the following uses a bacteriophage as an intermediary for the genetic information?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

8) Which of the following mechanisms refer to when a bacteria assimilates genetic material (DNA) directly from the environment?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

9) Which of the following mechanisms of genetic transfer utilizes a physical connection between two bacteria?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

10) Which of the following mechanisms of genetic transfer was first observed by Lederberg and Tatum (1946) in Escherichia coli?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

11) Which mechanism of genetic transfer utilizes a sex pilus?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

12) What is a mechanism of genetic transfer that uses competent cells?

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of these choices are correct.

13) Which of the following is correct concerning F factors?

A) It may integrate into the host chromosome.
B) It stands for fertility factor.
C) It allows conjugation to occur.
D) F+ bacteria act as donor strains in conjugation.
E) All of these choices are correct.

14) A histidine, methionine auxotroph _________.

A) can synthesize only histidine and methionine
B) can only use histidine and methionine as nutrition sources
C) cannot synthesize histidine and methionine
D) is killed by histidine and methionine
E) lacks proteins with histidine or methionine

15) The protein complex that initiates the process of conjugation following contact between two bacteria is called the _________.

A) origin oftransfer
B) T DNA
C) relaxosome
D) nucleoprotein

16) In conjugation the DNA that will be transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell is __________.

A) single-stranded
B) double-stranded
C) triple-stranded
D) a mixture of single and double stranded

17) The enzyme that allows the reforming of a circular plasmid following conjugation is called _________.

A) relaxosome
B) relaxase
C) F' factor
D) nucleoprotein
E) pili protein

18) The site on a plasmid that is digested, producing a single strand of DNA, to allow conjugation to occur is called the ____________.

A) origin of transfer
B) relaxase
C) nucleoprotein
D) T DNA

19) Interrupted mating is defined as ____________.

A) the inability of a bacteriophage to transfer genetic material
B) a mechanism of transformation
C) a process of asexual reproduction in bacteria
D) a process by which conjugation is stopped using a blender

20) The process of interrupted mating may be used to do which of the following?

A) Inhibit transduction
B) Convert the recipient cell to F +
C) Determine the relative position of bacterial genes
D) Alter the genotype of the donor cell

21) The units of genetic distance derived from bacterial conjugation studies are called __________.

A) seconds
B) map units
C) centimorgans
D) recombination units
E) minutes

22) During conjugation, one gene (A) is found to transfer to the recipient bacteria 26 minutes following the start of conjugation, while a second gene (M) is found to transfer 37 minutes following the start of conjugation. A third gene (T) transfers 45 minutes following the start of conjugation. Based on this information, which of the following is true?

A) The genetic distance between genes A and M is 11 minutes.
B) The genetic distance between genes A and T is 19 minutes.
C) The genetic distance between genes M and T is 8 minutes.
D) The order of the genes is A M T.
E) All of these choices are correct.

23) Who was the first to discover the process of natural transformation?

A) Morgan
B) Sturtevant
C) Griffith
D) Avery

24) Which of the following conditions must be correct for transformation to occur?

A) Temperature
B) Ionic conditions
C) Correct nutrient balance
D) All of these choices are correct.

25) Competence factors do which of the following?

A) Allow the formation of a sex pilus.
B) Promote bacteriophages binding for transduction.
C) Allow DNA in the environment to bind to the cell surface.
D) Inhibit genetic transfer between donor and recipient cells.

26) A structure called a/an __________ allows the transfer of genetic information during conjugation.

A) F factor
B) plasmid
C) sex pilus
D) transformationbridge

27) A cell with an F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosome is called __________.

A) Hfr
B) F+
C) conjugative plasmid

28) Which of the following matings would have the highest frequency of chromosomal gene transfer?

A) F + x F -
B) F' x F -
C) Hfr x F -

29) Small circular pieces of DNA that are not associated with the bacterial chromosome are called __________.

A) heteroduplex
B) plasmids
C) relaxosome

30) The general term for the process by which an organism incorporates genetic material from another organism and is not the offspring of that organism is called __________.

A) vertical gene transfer
B) conjugation
C) sexual reproduction
D) binary fission
E) horizontal gene transfer

31) In the experiment performed by Lederberg and Tatum bacteria of different genotypes had to be mixed together to obtain genetic transfer. However, Davis performed the experiment in a slightly different manner by separating cells with a filter incapable of allowing bacteria to pass. What possibility did the experiment by Davis exclude that could have occurred by the protocol used by Lederberg and Tatum?

A) Transformation
B) Conjugation
C) Transduction

32) Although there are several different types of plasmids they all __________.

A) can confer some kind of selective growth advantage depending on environmental conditions
B) can induce a mating phenotype
C) result in horizontal transfer
D) make cells resistant to antibiotics

33) An Hfr strain is produced when __________.

A) an F factor integrates into the E. coli chromosome
B) an F factor leaves the E. coli chromosome
C) an F factor is transferred to a new cell
D) an F factor leaves the host chromosome and removes some of the host chromosome

34) What is the correct order for the steps in transduction?

A) (1) Phage infects cell. (2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell. (3) Host DNA digested into fragments. (4) Some phage accidentally carry host DNA fragment. (5) Phage infects new cell.
B) (1) Phage infects cell. (2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell. (3) Host DNA digested into fragments. (4) Phage infects new cell. (5) Some phage accidentally carry host DNA fragment.
C) (1) Phage infects cell. (2) Host DNA digested into fragments. (3) Some phage accidentally carry host DNA fragment. (4) Phage infects new cell. (5) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell.
D) (1) Phage infects cell. (2) Phage transported DNA recombines with chromosome of new cell. (3) Some phage accidentally carry host DNA fragment. (4) Phage infects new cell. (5) Host DNA digested into fragments.

35) Based on this graph, during which time period did did the % of S. aureusresistant to methicillin increase the most?

A) 1984-1985
B) 1990-1991
C) 1993-1994
D) 1999-2000

36) What is the approximate distance in minutes between the argR and pyrB genes on the E. coli chromosome?

A) 16 minutes
B) 96 minutes
C) 26 minutes
D) 70 minutes

37) If the origin of transfer was located directly to the right of the galE gene on this map of the E. coli chromosome, and gene transfer proceeded counterclockwise, how many minutes after the galE gene was transferred would the dnaB gene be transferred in an interrupted mating experiment?

A) 25 minutes
B) 75 minutes
C) 107 minutes
D) 16 minutes

38) During a phage life cycle sometimes a phage is packaged carrying a portion of the host cell chromosome, which results in transduction. During conjugation, which plasmid can most directly be compared to the phage that carries a fragment of the host cell chromosome?

A) F factor
B) F' factor
C) R factor
D) Col-plasmid

39) During transformation, if the extracellular endonuclease was not functioning properly, at which stage would transformation be halted?

A) During heteroduplex repair
B) During DNA transport into the cell
C) During homologous recombination
D) After DNA fragment binding to a cell surface receptor on the bacterium

40) You are in a lab that studies ways to fight infections by the bacteria H. influenzae. The lab has designed a plasmid with a gene that causes rapid and effective cell death once the plasmid is inside of the cell. You are charged with finding a way to get the plasmid into the cell. What strategy will you use?

A) Placing a DNA uptake signal sequence into the plasmid
B) Placing a gene that encodes the competence-stimulating peptide into the plasmid
C) Placing an antibiotic resistance gene into the plasmid
D) Making sure the H. influenzae to be treated are competent

41) During conjugation, one strand of the F factor DNA remains in the donor cell and one strand is transferred to the recipient cell.

⊚ true
⊚ false

42) The process of conjugation may introduce new alleles into the recipient strain, altering its genotype.

⊚ true
⊚ false

43) A minute is the basic unit of map distance in bacterial conjugation studies.

⊚ true
⊚ false

44) An episome is a segment of bacterial DNA that can exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

⊚ true
⊚ false

45) Competent cells are those used in studies of conjugation.

⊚ true
⊚ false

46) Acquired antibiotic resistance between two different species is an example of vertical gene transfer.

⊚ true
⊚ false