Ch11 DNA Replication – Test Bank with Answers | 7e

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1) Which of the following best describes the double-helix of DNA?

A) It has directionality
B) The strands are arranged in an anti-parallel arrangement
C) The strands are complementary
D) All of these choices are correct.

2) The purpose of DNA replication is to produce __________.

A) two daughter strands
B) two parental strands
C) two template strands
D) None of these choices are correct.

3) Which of the following best describes the mechanism of DNA replication in which both parental strands remain together following replication?

A) Dispersive
B) Semiconservative
C) Conservative
D) All of these choices are correct.

4) What is the name for the mechanism of DNA replication in whichone parental strand and one daughter strand are combined following replication?

A) Dispersive
B) Semiconservative
C) Conservative
D) All of these choices are correct.

5) The first round of replication in the Meselson and Stahl experiment disproved which theory of replication?

A) Semiconservative
B) Conservative
C) Dispersive
D) None—it took more than one round to disprove the theory

6) You have isolated what appears to be alien DNA. While studying its replication, you performed the exact experiment Meselson and Stahl did. After three generations, the DNA is subjected to a CsCl gradient and only one band appears. What type of replication does this DNA undergo?

A) Semiconservative
B) Conservative
C) Dispersive

7) Bacterial DNA has how many origins of replication per chromosome?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) Depends on the size of the DNA

8) Which of the following is not correct concerning the initiation of bacterial replication?

A) It involves a region of the DNA called oriC
B) DnaA proteins bind to the DNA to begin separation of the strands
C) The strands are initially separated at GC-rich regions of DNA
D) Following initial separation, DNA helicase enzymes continue to unwrap the DNA

9) DNA helicase enzymes move in what direction along the DNA during DNA replication?

A) 5' to 3'
B) 3' to 5'
C) They remain stationary

10) Which of the following removes supercoiling ahead ofthe replication fork?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

11) Which enzyme synthesizes a 10-12 base segment of RNA that is used by DNA pol III?

A) DNA ligase
B) Primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

12) Which of the following fills in small regions of DNA where the RNA primers were located?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

13) Which of the following is responsible for the majority of DNA replication?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

14) Which of the following attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

15) Which enzyme synthesizes most of the lagging strand of the DNA?

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA primase
C) Topoisomerase
D) DNA polymerase I
E) DNA polymerase III

16) How many DNA polymerases are found in prokaryotes?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 12

17) DNA polymerases add new nucleotides in what direction?

A) 5' to 3'
B) 3 ' to 5'
C) Both directions

18) You have discovered a strain of E. coli that has a higher mutation rate than the normal parental strain from which the mutated strain was created. Upon further investigation, you find a mutation in the DNA polymerase III gene. What subunit of the holoenzyme does this mutation probably NOT affect?

A) α
B) β
C) ε
D) Θ

19) Okazaki fragments do which of the following?

A) Assist in forming the replication fork
B) Bind to the oriC region
C) Assist in the synthesis of DNA from the lagging strand
D) Reform the double-helix following replication
E) None of these choices are correct.

20) Which of the following is an example of a processive enzyme?

A) DNA A protein
B) DNA polymerase III
C) DNA ligase
D) Single stranded DNA binding protein

21) Which of the following stops the replication of DNA in prokaryotes?

A) Tus proteins
B) DNA ligase
C) Okazaki fragments
D) The end of the chromosome

22) What functions are accomplished by the primosome?

A) Tracking along DNA
B) Tracking along DNA, separating double stranded DNA
C) Tracking along DNA, separating double stranded DNA, synthesizing RNA primers
D) Tracking along DNA, separating double stranded DNA, synthesizing RNA primers, adding nucleotides

23) The proofreading of newly synthesized DNA by DNA Pol III occurs in __________.

A) the 5' to 3' direction
B) the 3' to 5' direction
C) both directions

24) You extract DNA from an E. coli cell and observe it is hemimethylated (only methylated on one strand). Which strand of DNA is older?

A) The methylated strand.
B) The strand that is not methylated.
C) Neither—they are the same "age."

25) What types of mutants were essential to the discovery of new replication enzymes?

A) Gain-of-function mutations
B) Lethal mutations
C) Temperature-sensitive mutations
D) None of these choices are correct.

26) In eukaryotes, which of the following is similar to the oriC region of prokaryotes?

A) Dam
B) ARS elements
C) Promoters
D) Telomeres

27) DNA polymerase is a primer-dependent enzyme that functions only in the 5'-3' direction. These are the two most fundamental concepts to understanding this enzyme. Based on this, which of the following enzyme pairs are analogous in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) DNA pol I : DNA pol α
B) DNA pol II : DNA pol β
C) DNA pol III : DNA pol δ
D) All of these choices are correct.

28) Translesion-replicating polymerases are _________.

A) only active in skin cells
B) used to replicate damaged DNA
C) used to induce genetic diversity
D) None of these choices are correct.

29) Which of the following is NOT a reason for the high fidelity of DNA synthesis of DNA Pol III?

A) The hydrogenbonding between purines and pyrimidines is stable.
B) The DNA polymeraseis unlikely to form bonds between nucleotides if they are mismatched.
C) The DNA polymerasehas exonuclease functions.
D) The DNA polymerase has the ability to change the structure of the base inorder to form the correct bond.

30) Which of the following is a restriction placed on DNA polymerase?

A) DNA polymerase canattach new nucleotides only in the 5' to 3' direction.
B) DNA polymerases must begin synthesis using an RNA primer.
C) DNA polymerasesmust have a template strand to copy from.
D) All of these choices are restrictions of DNA polymerase.

31) DNA polymerases are unable to replicate what areas of the chromosome?

A) Centromeres
B) 3' end of telomeres
C) Origins of replication

32) If eukaryotic cells evolved such that lagging strand DNA synthesis could occur continuously (without the use of Okazaki fragments), what enzyme would likely no longer be needed for DNA replication?

A) Flap endonuclease
B) Helicase
C) Primase
D) Topoisomerase

33) You are performing a biochemical purification of enzymes involved in DNA replication. You have purified thereplisome. You wish to purify the primosome. You perform further separation techniques on your purified replisome. How will you test to determine that you have purified the primosome?

A) You should confirm that your sample hashelicase and primase activity, but not the ability to synthesize DNA.
B) You should confirm that your sample has the ability to synthesize DNA and hasprimase activity, but no helicaseactivity.
C) You should confirm that your sample has helicase and primase activity. This is the only test that is needed.
D) You should confirm that your sample has primase activity and can synthesize DNA. This is the only test that is needed.

34) You are in the lab trying to synthesize DNA in vitro. You are upset because the lab seems to be out of dNTPs (deoxynucleosidetriphosphates) but you find a tube of dNMPs(deoxynucleoside monophosphates) in the freezer. You add this to your replication reaction instead of dNTPs. Will your reaction work? Why or why not?

A) No, cleavage of dNTP drives the formation of the covalent bond between the nucleoside monophosphate and the growing DNA strand.
B) Yes, only the nucleoside monophosphate ultimately is incorporated into the growing DNA strand.
C) No, all three phosphates on the nucleoside triphosphateare incorporated into the growing DNA strand.
D) Yes, the formation of the covalent bond between the nucleoside monophosphate and the growing DNA strand is energetically favorable.

35) If the piece of partially double stranded DNA below was added to a reaction mixture that contained DNA pol III and all the reaction components necessary to synthesize DNA what would be the next base added?
5' AGCATGACGATCCAT 3'
3' ACTGCTAG 5'

A) A
B) G
C) C
D) T

36) DNA is isolated from the nucleus of an organism and the base composition is determined. Which answer would best represent an organism that has double stranded DNA for its genome?

A) 20% A20% G30% C30% T
B) 20% A20% G20% C40% T
C) 30% A15% G15% C30% T
D) 15% A25% G15% C35% T

37) If the partially double stranded DNA piece seen below was placed in a reaction with DNA pol III that contained all the necessary components for DNA synthesis except that the deoxynucleotide triphosphate A was replaced with a dideoxynucleotide triphosphate A, what would happen?
5′ GATCATGGACTAGCTT 3′
3′ GTACCTG 5′

A) No bases would be added.
B) The dideoxynucleotide would be added but then DNA synthesis would stop.
C) DNA synthesis would occur normally and the upper strand would be copied.
D) DNA synthesis would occur normally and the lower strand would be copied.

38) DNA polymerase II is a processive enzyme because it __________.

A) does not release the strand of DNA after nucleotide addition
B) does release the strand of DNA after nucleotide addition
C) needs a primer in order to begin synthesis
D) has a 3′to 5′exonuclease function

39) If in a Dictyostelium cell, the telomerase RNA was replaced with a human telomerase RNA what would happen?

A) Telomere length would increase.
B) The telomeres would not be synthesized but the telomere lengths would not change.
C) Telomeres would be synthesized and remain the same length.
D) Telomeres would not be synthesized and so they would shorten.

40) Several temperature sensitive mutant strains of bacteria that are defective in DNA replication are isolated. To study what genes might be affected, the mutant strains are cultured along with the normal parental strain at the permissive temperature and then shifted at 10 minute intervals to the non permissive temperature. The amount of DNA at each step is measured by determining the amount of labeled nucleotides that have been incorporated into the DNA. The numbers refer to the relative amount of labeled nucleotides that have been incorporated. The following results are obtained.

Which strain most likely has a mutation in the dnaE gene?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E