Ch.8 Indigenous Peoples And Social Work Verified Test Bank

Chapter 8

Indigenous Peoples and Social Work

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. According to the Canadian Constitution, Canada's Indigenous Peoples are ________.

a) First Nations only

b) Indians, Métis, and Inuit

c) Indians and Inuit only

d) ethnic Canadians

e) Indians, Maori, and Inuit

2. ________ refers to the invasion or taking over sovereignty of another nation.

a) Migration

b) Relocation

c) Colonization

d) Dissipation

e) Transference

3. ________ describes processes that destroy the traditions, values, languages, and other elements unique to a group of people.

a) Cultural globalization

b) Ethnic cleansing

c) Tradition elimination

d) Ethnocentrism

e) Cultural genocide

4. The Haudenosaunee are ________.

a) the people whose traditional territory is now southern Quebec and Ontario

b) the original inhabitants of Yukon and Alaska

c) the language groups of Indigenous Peoples in Canada

d) Indigenous beliefs focused on holistic healing

e) people of mixed ancestry of First Nations and European descent

5. A(n) ________ is the lens through which a group of people sees the world, their values, and their relationships.

a) directive

b) requirement

c) worldview

d) legacy

e) edict

6. In the 2016 Census, approximately ________ of the total population of Canada reported some Indigenous heritage.

a) 12 per cent

b) 4.9 per cent

c) 1.4 per cent

d) 17.5 per cent

e) 20.8 per cent

7. Included in a holistic approach to life is a belief that ________.

a) focused medical treatment should be used to treat illness

b) only spiritual processes can address addictions

c) a person is composed of spiritual, physical, emotional, and psychological elements

d) each aspect of a person's life should be addressed on its own

e) what one person does to another does not have an impact on someone else

8. Métis Peoples are descendants of ________.

a) First Nations and Inuit

b) First Nations and European settlers

c) Inuit and European settlers

d) European and South Asian settlers

e) Non-status First Nations

9. ________ is a belief that all people should share equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities.

a) Individualism

b) Spiritualism

c) Holism

d) Conformity

e) Egalitarianism

10. Approximately ________ per cent of Indigenous Peoples live in urban centres.

a) 10

b) 25

c) 60

d) 22

e) 35

11. According to the 2016 Census, Indigenous youth under the age of 25 compose ________ of the Indigenous population of Canada.

a) approximately one third

b) one quarter

c) nearly one half

d) two thirds

e) less than one fifth

12. ________ is NOT considered a general value within Indigenous worldviews.

a) Non-interference

b) Respect for Elders

c) Independence

d) Harmony with nature

e) Humility

13. The Indian Act was created by Parliament in ________.

a) 1904

b) 1866

c) 1843

d) 1876

e) 1902

14. A ________ system is one where social and political inheritance is transferred through female lineage.

a) patriarchal

b) status

c) constitutional

d) self-determining

e) matriarchal

15. Under the Indian Act, if Indigenous Peoples became Canadian citizens, they would lose their status. This process was called ________.

a) enfranchisement

b) registration

c) unenfranchisement

d) codification

e) de-listing

16. Individuals who are Indigenous but are not registered under the Indian Act are referred to as ________.

a) statutory

b) self-determining

c) enfranchised

d) non-status

e) land-delimited

17. A ________ refers to groups of families that have the same inherited social and political roles.

a) kin group

b) band

c) reserve

d) clan

e) cluster

18. The people who are the original inhabitants of the area in which they live are referred to as ________. This umbrella term is used by the United Nations to describe these groups globally.

a) Aboriginal

b) Indigenous

c) Native Canadians

d) Native

e) First Peoples

19. Until well into the 1940s, an Indian agent ________.

a) had the power to enforce the Indian Act

b) was elected by Indigenous peoples to represent their interests

c) was responsible for administering health programs in Indigenous communities

d) was the Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada representative to Parliament

e) was a member of an Indigenous community assigned to peacekeeping

20. Assimilation refers to ________.

a) the process whereby a person participates in a society's social, economic, cultural, and political spheres while maintaining a relationship with the culture of origin

b) the process by which a person's identity of origin is lost and replaced by the identity of another, typically more dominant, group

c) the process by which a person becomes isolated from both the broader society as well as the cultural and ethnic group of origin

d) the extent to which one's identity is maintained or transformed by the experience of coming into contact with another culture

e) the process by which a person participates in social organizing for their community of origin

21. Children as young as ________ were removed from their homes and communities and forced to attend residential schools.

a) three

b) five

c) six

d) ten

e) eleven

22. The last residential school for Indigenous children in Canada closed in ________.

a) 1912

b) 1955

c) 1976

d) 1986

e) 1996

23. The "Sixties Scoop" refers to the period when ________.

a) large numbers of Indigenous children were removed from their families by child welfare workers and placed in non-Indigenous homes

b) residential schools increased enrollment by removing children from Indigenous families and forcing school attendance

c) 60 Indigenous leaders marched on Ottawa to protest child welfare practices in Indigenous communities

d) thousands of Indigenous children were removed from their families and placed in Indigenous communities far away from their homes

e) settlers appropriated land lived on by Indigenous Peoples in order to develop urban areas

24. The last residential school to close was in ________.

a) Saskatchewan

b) Ontario

c) Manitoba

d) Alberta

e) Nova Scotia

25. In 2008, Dr. Cindy Blackstock estimated that there were ________ Indigenous children placed in the care of the child welfare system than were placed in residential schools at the height of their operation.

a) nearly as many

b) half as many

c) three times as many

d) two times as many

e) ten per cent fewer

26. Indigenous children are placed in the care of child welfare at a rate ________ times higher than non-Indigenous children.

a) two

b) three

c) six

d) seven

e) twelve

27. The ________ was established in 2008 to uncover the histories of Canada's residential school system.

a) Indian and Northern Affairs Commission

b) Aboriginal and Inuit Healing Commission

c) Truth and Reconciliation Commission

d) Residential School Legacy Commission

e) Aboriginal Truth Commission

28. Many Indigenous social work programs use ________ to address individual, family, and community healing, positive change, and social justice.

a) a holistic approach

b) the Medicine Wheel

c) restorative therapy

d) cognitive-behavioural therapy

e) self-care

29. ________ refers to the people who originally lived in what is now central and northern Ontario and Manitoba.

a) Anishinaabe

b) Iroquois

c) Métis

d) Haudenosaunee

e) Inuit

30. In Indigenous social work, family group conferencing, a form of restorative justice, started with ________.

a) the Cree in Canada

b) the Maori in New Zealand

c) the Nunga in Australia

d) the Sioux in the USA

e) the Haida in Canada

31. With regard to Indigenous communities, an ally is a person who is focused on ________.

a) working solely with non-Indigenous officials to create change in Indigenous communities

b) educating Indigenous communities about colonization

c) exploring his or her own role in past and present social problems facing Indigenous communities

d) overseeing social welfare services in Indigenous communities

e) overseeing certification for psychotherapists who want to practice in Indigenous communities

32. ________ refers to a time when Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples will come together to develop new relationships.

a) The eighth fire

b) Decolonization

c) Reconciliation

d) Appeasement

e) Creation

33. Inuvialuit is one of the Inuit regions that composes ________.

a) Inuit Nunangat

b) the Northwest Territories

c) Yukon Territory

d) the Queen Elizabeth Islands

e) Nunatsiavut

34. For Indigenous Peoples, historical trauma implies that ________.

a) all Indigenous Peoples have been victims

b) victims have been to a residential school

c) victims have been taken away from their families by child welfare authorities

d) victims live in poverty

e) none of the above

35. The ________, in operation from 1998 to 2014, was an initiative to support the development of sustainable healing programming for the survivors of residential schools and their descendants.

a) Truth and Reconciliation Foundation

b) Aboriginal Healing Foundation

c) Aboriginal Wellness Strategy

d) Residential School Healing Commission

e) Healing and Wellness Commission

36. A challenge facing Indigenous Peoples living in urban settings is ________.

a) a lack of access to traditional foods

b) a disconnect from land-based resources

c) a lack of access to traditional medicines

d) structural barriers and stereotypes

e) all of the above

37. Typically referring to Jewish or African peoples and their forced migration and dispersion from their homelands, the term ________ could also be applied to the mobility of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.

a) refugee

b) migrant

c) resettlement

d) diaspora

e) relocation

38. ________ refers to trauma experienced by someone who may not have been exposed to past atrocities or personally experienced any form of individual trauma but who still carries a collective memory of victimhood as a key identity marker without being aware of this.

a) Co-occurring disorder

b) Collective trauma

c) Intergenerational trauma

d) Trauma bonding

e) Strategic trauma

39. According to teachings of the Medicine Wheel, ________ is/are depicted in the centre of the Wheel.

a) the family

b) the community

c) ancestors

d) the self

e) harmony

40. ________ describes a continual process of establishing and maintaining respectful relationships, and, where necessary, repairing damaged ones through concrete actions.

a) Reparations

b) Reconciliation

c) Settlement

d) Arbitration

e) Restoration

41. ________ is NOT considered a gift included in the Medicine Wheel.

a) Insight

b) Action

c) Purpose

d) Vision

e) Relationships

42. The Medical Services Branch of Health Canada delivers programs and services to ________.

a) all Indigenous Peoples in Canada

b) status First Nations and Inuit only

c) status and non-status First Nations only

d) First Nations and Métis only

e) Métis and Inuit only

43. ________ theory debunks the notion of European superiority.

a) Constructivist

b) Colonial

c) Postcolonial

d) Settlement

e) Migration

44. ________ are beliefs presented as being accepted by the entire world.

a) Common themes

b) Common sense ideas

c) Global logic strategies

d) Universal realities

e) Universal truths

45. ________ refers to the idea that an inevitable series of events for the future is predetermined. This idea was used to justify the expansion and appropriation of land by European settlers and the colonization of Indigenous Peoples in North America.

a) New World Order

b) Manifest destiny

c) Expansionism

d) Ethnocentrism

e) Protestant work ethic

46. The Idle No More movement began in order to ________.

a) create physical education programs in elementary and secondary schools

b) bring attention to Indigenous issues in Canada

c) call for the closing of all residential schools in Canada

d) seek compensation for residential school survivors

e) challenge Bill C-31 regarding membership in First Nations communities

47. The Idle No More movement began in ________.

a) 1990

b) 2008

c) 2012

d) 1985

e) 2001

48. Between 2000 and 2008, Indigenous girls and women represented ________ per cent of all female homicides in Canada, although they are only ________ per cent of the female population.

a) 10; 3

b) 2; 1

c) 5; 1

d) 6; 2

e) 4; 2

49. Nearly ________ per cent of missing girls and women in Saskatchewan are of Indigenous ancestry.

a) 25

b) 33

c) 45

d) 59

e) 15

50. Before their inclusion in the final report in June 2019 of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, there was little attention paid to violence against ________.

a) urban Indigenous women

b) trans and two-spirit Indigenous Peoples

c) women and girls living in remote regions of Canada

d) Indigenous Elders

e) youth in care

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Turtle Island is the Haudenosaunee term to describe Canada.

2. The term "Indians" means "those who are descendants of the original inhabitants."

3. The Métis Nation is a distinct Indigenous group in Canada.

4. Indigenous Peoples live only in rural regions of Canada.

5. Indigenous Peoples in Canada share the same culture.

6. Canada's Indigenous Peoples include the Inuit, who traditionally occupied the four northern regions of Canada that comprise Inuit Nunangat.

7. The Indian Act formed much of the basis of the introduction of oppressive apartheid policies against Black people in South Africa.

8. Indigenous Peoples' worldviews generally emphasize the collective, rather than the individual.

9. In 1904, the Indian Act was modified, removing the requirement that First Nations Peoples had to obtain written permission to leave the reserves from the government-appointed Indian Agent.

10. One aspect of a holistic approach in Indigenous communities is that biological parents are solely responsible for raising children.

11. The land is a negligible feature of Inuit cultures and spirituality.

12. Traditional Anishinaabe territory is Manitoba and central and northern Ontario.

13. A difference between religion and spirituality is that religion is a structured form of spirituality that usually has a group following, whereas spirituality can include individual experiences with or without a structured belief system.

14. The Indian Act is the only legislation in the world designed for a particular "race" of people.

15. In Canada, the term Indigenous refers to First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Peoples.

16. Indigenous Peoples today are required to live on reserves.

17. In the beginning of the 1920s, the Canadian government made it illegal for Indigenous parents to keep their children out of residential schools.

18. Residential schooling led to an increase in post-secondary enrollment of Indigenous children in the 1960s.

19. Half of the children who went to residential schools never returned to their communities.

20. The last residential school to close its doors was located in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

21. Schools in First Nations communities continue to be funded 30 per cent less than schools everywhere else in the country.

22. As of 2016, Indigenous children accounted for 51 per cent of children in care.

23. Curriculum in residential schools included Indigenous language instruction.

24. During the Sixties Scoop, some Indigenous children removed from families were placed in non-Indigenous homes in the United States.

25. Trauma suffered by Indigenous parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents can have serious impacts on Indigenous Peoples' lives today.

26. Intergenerational trauma is another term for historical trauma.

27. To be an ally, a social worker must be an Indigenous person.

28. The most effective way to be an ally is to take a class on Indigenous Peoples.

29. The Métis styles of prayer, music, and dance as artistic forms of ensuring health and well-being are the same as those of First Nations communities.

30. When adopting an anti-oppressive approach to social work with Indigenous Peoples, one finds individual deficiencies as the major cause of and explanation for social problems.

31. Genetic research suggests that traumatization may be passed on in a similar way to hereditary diseases.

32. Manifest destiny is a central Indigenous value.

33. The Recognition and Implementation of Indigenous Rights Framework (RIIRF) is a legislation and policy partnership between provincial and territorial governments and First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Peoples.

34. Protect the Inlet is a movement in opposition to the expansion of the Trans Mountain Pipeline.

35. Walking With Our Sisters is a campaign started in 2012 to raise awareness for juvenile diabetes in Indigenous communities.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Who are the Métis Peoples? How does their legal status differ from First Nations and Inuit Peoples?

2. What was one of the main purposes of the Indian Act of 1876?

3. What was a major consequence of the residential school system for Indigenous families?

4. What is manifest destiny?

5. What are two theoretical frameworks used in social work that are aligned with Indigenous worldviews?

6. Describe the development of Indigenous-focused social work programs. What is a primary goal of Indigenous-focused social work programs?

7. What role do Senators play in Métis communities?

8. Where do the teachings of the Medicine Wheel direct us to begin when starting a journey of healing? What is the reasoning for this?

9. How is intergenerational trauma related to current social problems in Indigenous communities?

10. What is historical trauma? How is it different from intergenerational trauma? How is it similar?

11. What was the "Sixties Scoop" and how did it affect Indigenous communities?

12. What is one general value within Indigenous worldviews that may be of significance to the field of social work? How might this value express itself in attitudes and behaviours?

13. What is enfranchisement? How did enfranchisement affect Indigenous Peoples' legal status?

14. Who were Indian agents? What was their role in Indigenous communities?

15. What is the legal difference between status and non-status First Nations Peoples?

16. In what ways did the residential school system fulfill the Canadian government's strategy for the assimilation of Indigenous Peoples?

17. What is family group conferencing?

18. Describe a challenge that Indigenous social workers face. Provide one example.

19. What is the Idle No More movement?

20. What is a truth and reconciliation commission?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. What are the gifts that are contained within each direction of the Medicine Wheel? How is each gift intended to be used in practice?

2. What is the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC)? What was the TRC's mandate?

3. Why is an understanding of colonization important? Discuss how this understanding can be integrated into social work practice with Indigenous communities.

4. Describe five ways that one can be an ally to Indigenous Peoples.

5. What was the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls? How was the Inquiry started? What was the Inquiry's mandate? What was one critique of the Inquiry? What were some important features of the final report?

6. What was the Aboriginal Healing Foundation? What were the principles that participants in AHF programs found effective in their healing?