Ch.7 Social Work Practice With Children Test Bank Answers

Chapter 7

Social Work Practice with Children

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. ________ has the highest rate of child poverty, which indicates that "wealthy provinces" do not necessarily have the lowest rates of child poverty.

a) Alberta

b) British Columbia

c) Ontario

d) Manitoba

e) New Brunswick

2. ________ have the highest rates of child poverty.

a) Children who attend private schools

b) Immigrants, Indigenous peoples, and visible minorities

c) All children are impoverished

d) Children in Quebec who only speak French

e) Children who live in apartment complexes

3. In Canada, the best definition of "child" for the purposes of protection in the child welfare system is ________.

a) any individual under the age of 16

b) any individual under the age of 17

c) any individual under the age of 18

d) any individual under the age of 19

e) There is no one age as it varies provincially.

4. ________ is NOT a dimension of child well-being according to UNICEF (2007).

a) Excess of entertainment

b) Health and safety

c) Educational well-being

d) Family and peer relationships

e) Subjective well-being

5. The three distinct but overlapping areas of social work practice with children are ________.

a) supervision, direct practice, and relationships with co-workers

b) case reports, best interest of the child, and risk assessments

c) fighting oppression, family counselling, and taking the side of the parent

d) child welfare, youth justice, and prevention

e) education, compromising with judges, and strict practices towards children

6. The major guiding principle of child welfare agencies is ________.

a) drafting of risk assessments

b) discouraging of family violence

c) conversation with one's supervisor

d) child saving

e) best interest of the child

7. The key activity of child welfare that functions to receive and investigate reports of possible child abuse and neglect is ________.

a) child protection

b) child placement

c) adoption

d) family support

e) foster care

8. According to the 2008 Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect, the two most frequently occurring categories of substantiated maltreatment of children were ________.

a) neglect and intimate partner violence

b) substance abuse and fighting

c) problems in school and disobedience

d) foster care and restorative justice

e) jail and substance abuse

9. In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. Children were considered parental property with no protective laws in ________.

a) Stage One: Children as Objects

b) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection

c) Stage Three: Children as Subjects

d) Stage Four: Children as Independent

e) Stage Five: Children as Adults

10. ________ is NOT a common feature found in all the provinces' child welfare policies.

a) Respect for the parent's primary responsibility

b) The definition of a child for the purposes of protection

c) Respect for cultural heritage, particularly for Indigenous children

d) The best interest of the child, when the child is found to be in need of protection

e) The continuity of care and stability as important for children

11. In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. It was first argued that the state had the duty to prevent and intervene with child cruelty and maltreatment in ________.

a) Stage One: Children as Objects

b) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection

c) Stage Three: Children as Subjects

d) Stage Four: Children as Independent

e) Stage Five: Children as Adults

12. In the late 1800s, ________ felt it was their duty to save children from society's moral decline and deficient parenting.

a) child savers

b) social workers

c) teachers

d) saints

e) mercenaries

13. In Canada, perceptions of children have changed and evolved according to several unique stages. Children were no longer viewed as objects in need of state protection, but as subjects, existing with dignity and their own basic rights, in ________.

a) Stage One: Children as Objects

b) Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection

c) Stage Three: Children as Subjects

d) Stage Four: Children as Independent

e) Stage Five: Children as Adults

14. The term ________ is used to refer to apprehending unusually high numbers of Indigenous children and fostering or adopting them, largely to non-Indigenous families.

a) battered child syndrome

b) Sixties Scoop

c) Badgley Report

d) Juvenile Delinquents Act

e) child savers

15. In 1980, ________ made up 2 per cent of the Canadian child population but represented more than 10 per cent of children in foster care.

a) francophone children

b) immigrant children

c) refugee children

d) Black children

e) Indigenous children

16. ________ refers to the urging of physicians to report to authorities any evidence of broken bones in infants and children.

a) Sixties Scoop

b) Child abuse

c) Prevention

d) Battered child syndrome

e) Risk assessment

17. ________ were introduced to be the least invasive towards the child while protecting him or her from abuse and neglect.

a) Revelations from the Badgley Report

b) Foster care programs

c) Child savers

d) Least intrusive measures

e) Systems of oppression

18. ________ was developed in the late 1980s and initiated a broad category of rights that applies to every human being below the age of 18 years.

a) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

b) Young Offenders Act

c) Bill C-10 and Bill C-25

d) Restorative justice

e) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

19. In Canada, the ________ is recognized as an "interpretive guide" for situations where legislation regarding child welfare is ambiguous or silent.

a) Young Offenders Act

b) United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

c) Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

d) Badgley Report

e) Youth Criminal Justice Act

20. ________ is NOT considered a reason why families experience difficulty.

a) Parental deficiency

b) Family breakdown

c) Not attending university

d) Societal breakdown

e) Systems of oppression

21. ________ is a tool used by social workers to determine the likelihood of further abuse or neglect.

a) A case report

b) A risk assessment

c) Duty to report

d) An in-home service

e) Restorative justice

22. ________ is the physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by an adult.

a) Intrusion

b) Battering

c) Child abuse

d) Neglect

e) Oppression

23. ________ applies to the abandonment of a child or the omission of basic care such as medical or dental care.

a) Physical abuse

b) Oppression

c) Laziness

d) Neglect

e) Emotional abuse

24. It is appropriate for a social worker to remove children from parental care ________.

a) on any allegations of abuse or neglect

b) only if there are visible marks of physical abuse

c) never – parents should always be able to raise their children

d) only if it can be demonstrated that remaining in parental care poses significant risks to the child

e) if the social worker suspects there are marital problems

25. In a formal investigation into a child abuse report, if parents do not fall below the prescribed minimal child-care standards, ________.

a) the investigation is closed

b) they receive some further assistance from the agency

c) the children are removed from the home

d) supervision orders are put in place to ensure that parents are complying with expectations

e) they are referred to other programs

26. ________ is an example of out-of-home services.

a) Family counselling

b) Parental support

c) Homemaker services

d) In-home childcare

e) Foster care

27. ________ is an example of in-home services.

a) Group residential care

b) Foster care

c) Kinship care

d) Institutional care

e) Family counselling

28. ________ continue to be overrepresented among children in care in child welfare agencies across Canada.

a) Francophone children

b) Children from high-income families

c) Indigenous children

d) Girls

e) Each group is equally represented.

29. According to critics of the Canadian child welfare system, ________.

a) social and structural issues are overlooked, and individual parents are still blamed

b) individuals need to be held more responsible

c) there are too many social welfare systems in place for children

d) there is a need for more child savers

e) There are no critics of the Canadian social welfare system.

30. The term that most closely relates to children under the age of 7 being deemed incapable of committing a criminal act is ________.

a) Juvenile Delinquents Act

b) forgiveness

c) Young Offenders Act

d) doli incapax

e) at-risk

31. In terms of the evolution of Canada's youth justice system, ________.

a) the youth justice system parallels the evolution of the child welfare system

b) the youth justice system was free from society's structural inequalities

c) the youth justice system has not gone through many modifications in its history

d) there was consistent agreement between political parties in the youth justice system

e) everyone agrees that children who commit offences should be imprisoned

32. During the era of the Young Offenders Act, Canada was known internationally for having ________.

a) a high dropout rate for public and private school students

b) successful social welfare policies

c) a decrease in structural inequality

d) productive child—family in-home meetings

e) an extremely high youth incarceration rate

33. The introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in 2003 did NOT lead to ________.

a) increasing police warnings and referrals to restorative justice

b) reserving the court process for only the most serious offences

c) placing children in detention centres as soon as allegations surfaced that they committed a crime

d) lowering the age for sentencing youth as adults

e) reducing the rate of youth incarceration

34. Recent conservative policies on youth justice include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

a) denunciation and deterrence

b) giving youth one free pass

c) focusing more on crime control than rehabilitation

d) allowing the publication of the names of youth who have committed violent crimes

e) requiring courts to consider adult sentences for youth convicted of serious crimes

35. ________ involve(s) mediation between the victim of an offence and the offender in order to collectively deal with the aftermath of an offence.

a) Cognitive-based therapy

b) Doli incapax

c) Restorative justice

d) In-home services

e) Risk and protective factors

36. A social worker working in youth justice is NOT expected to ________.

a) testify as a witness in court

b) act as an advocate at the individual, family, and community level

c) work with police and judges

d) work with families of youth

e) All of the above are roles of social workers.

37. When we talk about "at-risk" youth, we are referring to ________.

a) children who come from wealthy families

b) children who play sports

c) children whose social and economic conditions have made them more likely to experience substance abuse, homelessness, criminal activity, or early pregnancy

d) children who arrive late to school

e) children who have committed an offence

38. Key challenges for social workers working in child welfare and youth justice do NOT include ________.

a) balancing parental rights and child protection

b) making up their own child welfare laws

c) balancing the rights of youth in conflict with the law with the rights of victims

d) addressing the tension between regarding children as "in need" or as responsible for their actions

e) accepting that children may view social workers as intrusive

39. The purpose of the Canadian Human Rights Act is to ________.

a) prohibit discrimination

b) improve child well-being

c) abolish poverty

d) improve the human rights of Indigenous persons

e) both A and B

40. The Canadian Human Rights Act created the ________ to enforce its statutes.

a) Canadian Human Rights Commission

b) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

c) Canadian Human Rights Committee

d) Canadian Human Rights Council

e) both A and B

41. The ________ is a special administrative body that receives and makes decisions on cases related to discrimination.

a) Office of Canadian Human Rights

b) Canadian Human Rights Act

c) Canadian Human Rights Tribunal

d) Canadian Human Rights Council

e) none of the above

42. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare found that ________.

a) Canada had not effectively implemented Jordan's Principle

b) the federal government discriminated against First Nations children on reserves

c) there were insufficient grounds for discrimination

d) Indigenous children were underrepresented in the child welfare system

e) both A and B

43. ________ is NOT a key component of Stage Three: Children as Subjects.

a) Indigenous children and child welfare

b) Child saving

c) The Badgley report

d) The impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

e) The effect of changing demographics in Canada

44. ________ emphasized the protection of society as a primary goal of the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

a) Bill C-25

b) Bill C-10

c) Bill C-20

d) Bill C-21

e) both A and B

45. Bill C-25 amended the Youth Criminal Justice Act by adding the principle of ________.

a) denunciation

b) deterrence

c) deference

d) distinction

e) both A and B

46. The province of ________ has spoken out against Bill C-10.

a) Newfoundland and Labrador

b) Quebec

c) Ontario

d) all of the above

e) none of the above

47. It has been argued that Bill C-10 fails to adequately embrace the principle of ________.

a) restoration

b) deterrence

c) rehabilitation

d) culpability

e) none of the above

48. ________ is a therapeutic approach that has been advocated as particularly effective in supporting the reintegration of offenders.

a) narrative therapy

b) solution talk

c) play therapy

d) cognitive-behavioural therapy

e) all of the above

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Many Indigenous children who were removed from their homes during the "Sixties Scoop" were eventually returned to their biological families.

2. During the 1920s to 1950s, child welfare services received increased attention from the Canadian government, as it no longer had to deal with the Depression or two world wars.

3. Family support, child protection, adoption, foster care, and child placement are the five key activities of child welfare.

4. In child welfare practice, risk assessment is an activity designed to determine the likelihood of future abuse or neglect so that actions can be taken to prevent it.

5. Group residential care and foster family care are two examples of out-of-home services for children.

6. Restorative justice, or victim—offender mediation, is an aspect of preventive social work.

7. From colonial times to the nineteenth century, children were viewed as objects rather than rights-holders.

8. "Child savers" believed whole-heartedly in the Canadian government and worked in collaboration to help parents and social workers maintain the working system; they acted as assistants to parents.

9. Across all provinces in Canada, children are considered to be individuals under eighteen years of age.

10. A duty to report refers to a professional's obligation to report any suspected abuse or neglect when there are reasonable grounds for believing a child may be in need of protection.

11. The youth justice system in Canada has historically never incarcerated a child under the age of 18.

12. With the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), both the rate and severity of youth crime have decreased.

13. Social work practice with children falls under three themes: child welfare, youth justice, and school social work.

14. The least intrusive measures of intervention were developed in order to remove a child from a home in the least intrusive way.

15. Although provincial child welfare legislation varies, one current commonality between the provinces is a respect for cultural heritage, particularly for Indigenous children.

16. Research on poverty shows that raising the incomes of poor families above the poverty line will have no impact on the learning ability and school performance of young children.

17. Due to the Badgley Report of 1984, the prevalence of sexual abuse of children across Canada became well-known, and females were found to be victims more than males.

18. Examples of restorative justice in Indigenous communities include sentencing circles, which involve the person who has done the harm, the victim, and community members such as Elders and family members.

19. "Societal breakdown" is the child welfare perspective that child maltreatment is primarily related to parental deficiency.

20. Cognitive-behavioural practices such as pro-social modelling, motivational interviewing, problem solving, and social skills training are all techniques used to modify the behaviour of young offenders.

21. Parental neglect in Indigenous communities is often linked to structural factors such as inadequate housing, social exclusion, and unemployment.

22. All individuals and groups are completely satisfied with the child welfare system in Canada, and do not believe any overhaul is required.

23. Doli incapax was developed under English common law and stated that children under the age of 7 were incapable of committing a criminal act.

24. The three distinct areas of social work practice with children - child welfare, youth justice, and prevention - are seen as mutually exclusive with no overlap.

25. Bill C-25's principles amending the Youth Criminal Justice Act are reflective of a rehabilitative model rather than a crime control model.

26. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal on First Nations Child Welfare was considered a triumph because there have been zero non-compliance orders issued against Canada since the Tribunal.

27. The two mechanisms to enforce the Canadian Human Rights Act are the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal.

28. Cindy Blackstock filed a complaint against the Canadian government in 2007 for discrimination on the basis of race and/or national or ethnic origin.

29. Social workers' role within youth justice includes restorative justice through victim-offender mediation.

30. Social workers cannot be fined for failure to report suspicions of child abuse and/or neglect.

31. Social workers can play a role in preventing child abuse and/or neglect through the use of a risk assessment.

32. Ashley Smith's tragic death is an example in favour of Bill C-10.

33. Social workers may testify as witnesses in court hearings and may inform a judge on circumstances relating to cases of youth criminal justice.

34. Restorative justice is an Indigenous method of restoring the balance after harm has been committed.

35. Leave Out ViolencE and the Take a Hike program are examples of preventive social work.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are "out-of-home" services in child welfare social work? Provide two examples.

2. What is meant by the term "child welfare"?

3. What is restorative justice? Provide an example.

4. What are the features of "Stage Two: Children as Vulnerable Individuals in Need of Protection" in the evolution of the perceptions of children in Canada?

5. Why can defining "children" solely by age be problematic?

6. In child welfare social work, what is meant by "least intrusive measures"?

7. Although not identical, child welfare legislation across Canada shares some main components. What are three key features of child welfare legislation that are common across the provinces?

8. Does child abuse only refer to physical abuse? If not, list additional forms of child abuse.

9. What are two important features of the Badgley Report?

10. A social worker's "duty to report" most specifically refers to a social worker being suspicious of which two things?

11. Who were "child savers"? What were they attempting to save children from at the end of the nineteenth century in Canada?

12. What are two challenges that youth justice social workers constantly face in their everyday practice?

13. What were two changes brought forth by the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) of 2003?

14. What is the "societal breakdown" perspective of why families experience challenges in providing adequate care for their children?

15. What must a social worker do whenever a report of child abuse or neglect occurs?

16. What are the similarities between the development of Canada's child welfare system and that of its youth justice system?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1. How have Indigenous populations in Canada been negatively impacted during the evolution of the child welfare system? Include an explanation of the "Sixties Scoop" and how both Indigenous communities and the Canadian government have responded to it.

2. What is meant by preventive social work with children? Provide examples of different kinds of preventive social work. Where are they carried out, and with what populations?

3. What is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)? How has the Canadian government pledged its commitment to meeting the needs of the CRC? In what ways has Canada reserved the right not to be bound by some provisions of the CRC? Provide an example.

4. Provide a detailed description (with examples) of how perceptions of "children" and "childhood" have changed in Canada, according to three unique stages.

5. Explain the difference between a model encouraging crime control versus a rehabilitative one. What are some examples of recent Bills that are representative of a "get tough on crime" agenda?

6. What is the role of a social worker within youth justice?

7. Provide a detailed description of the Canadian Human Rights Act, the Canadian Human Rights Commission, and the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal and give a historical example.