Chapter 7: How Does Gender Matter for How We Think About Our Bodies?

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The belief in a split between the physical body and the nonmaterial entity, called the spirit or soul, is called ______.

A. dimorphism

B. mind-body dualism

C. body dysmorphia

D. psychological-physiological dissonance

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In the concept of mind-body dualism, the mind is associated with ______while the body is associated with ______.

A. femininity, masculinity

B. dominance, rationality

C. masculinity, femininity

D. rationality, dominance

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The perception and evaluation of one’s own bodily appearance is also known as_________.

A. Body image

B. Physiological assessment

C. Beauty myth

D. Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Naomi Wolf’s book, entitled ______, provides a detailed examination of the ways in which cultural ideals of beauty create unrealistic standards for women.

A. The Body Image

B. The Beauty Myth

C. The Feminine Mystique

D. The Metrosexual Mystique

Answer Location: The Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The belief in a quality called beauty that is real and universal and that women should want to embody, while men should desire the women who embody that ideal of beauty is known as _______.

A. the beauty myth

B. the body myth

C. the feminine myth

D. the metrosexual myth

Answer Location: The Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. In 1985, 30% of women in the United States said they were unhappy with their overall appearance, while by 1993 that figure had increased to_______.

A. 35%

B. 48%

C. 66%

D. 81%

Answer Location: Beauty and Gender Inequality

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The author’s example of new “lepa” beauty pageant winners in Nigeria shows that ideals of beauty_____.

A. Often change over time

B. Are generally static

C. Are deeply logical

D. Are usually prescribed by men

Answer Location: Exporting the Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. According to the text, one consequence of the shift in the ideal body type in Brazil from guitar-shaped to thin has been______.

A. an increase in cosmetic surgery

B. an increase in body shaming

C. an increase in the number of suicides

D. an increased number of eating disorders

Answer Location: Exporting the Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Sally frequently checks the mirror,obsessively grooming her hair and engaging in other excessive grooming practices. Sally is likely to be diagnosed with which of the following?

A. Beauty myth indoctrination

B. Body image distortion syndrome

C. Bipolar disorder

D. Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer Location: The Problem with Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. _______ is the most common cosmetic surgery procedure.

A. Breast augmentation

B. Face lift

C. Tummy tuck

D. Liposuction

Answer Location: Eyelids and Empowerment: Cosmetic Surgery

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Asian Americans who undergo double-eyelid surgery often say they do so in order to _______.

A. appear more white

B. avoid association with negative traits attributed with many Asian faces

C. look younger and reduce signs of aging

D. appear more fashionable

Answer Location: Race and the Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Karen Lehrman argues in her book, Lipstick Proviso, that beauty rituals can be seen as which of the following?

A. A source of empowerment for women

B. A source of power for men

C. A tool enabling women’s oppression

D. Displays of competition between women

Answer Location: Is Beauty Power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Some feminists now argue that the pursuit of beauty may not only be a tool of power for men, but may also be a source of _____.

A. social power

B. bonding for women

C. inspiration for manufacturers

D. understanding about women

Answer Location: Is Beauty Power?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. ______ is seen in our society as being an especially important component of attractiveness for men.

A. Body shape

B. Face shape

C. Height

S. Bodyweight

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which theoretical perspective would see height difference as a way for heterosexual couples to act out gender dominance?

A. Doing gender theory

B. Social network theory

C. Gender schema theory

D. Status characteristics theory

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. A scholar who explores how definitions of gender vary as they are linked to other social categories, such race-ethnicity, is examining what?

A. Imputation

B. Transference

C. Intersectionality

D. Heteronormativity

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. _______ is the social process through which women and men develop their bodies as both the objects and agents of practice.

A. Objectification

B. Embodiment

C. Agency

D. Socialization

Answer Location: Masculinity, Puberty, and Embodiment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. In Mora’s study of Latino sixth grade boys, having “flubber” or flabbiness was perceived as which of the following?

A. A lack of athletic ability

B. Laziness

C. An impediment to masculinity

D. A lack of intelligence

Answer Location: Masculinity, Puberty, and Embodiment

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following is a reason why women have a lower mortality rate than men?

A. Neonatal disorders are more common to female babies.

B. Men are more likely to engage in reckless behavior.

C. Childbearing has been shown to improve immune symptom response.

D. Men engage in more cautious behavior.

Answer Location: Gender and Health: Risky Masculinity and the Superman

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Chad plays rugby and dislocated his shoulder during a game. After re-positioning his shoulder, he resumed playing and finished the game. This demonstrates which of the following?:

A. The psychological impact of embodiment

B. The impact of gender norms on health outcomes for men

C. The lack of agency that men experience in their bodies

D. The commodification of men’s bodies

Answer Location: Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Men between the ages of 15 and 34 make up almost ______ of all homicide victims in the United States.

A. 15%

B. 50%

C. 75%

D. 90%

Answer Location: Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Don Sabo argues that traditional ideas of masculinity can pose real danger to men's ______.

A. work performance

B. health

C. future

D. masculinity

Answer Location: Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. In her study of Palestinian men during the 1987 uprising, Peteet found that _____ became a new kind of ritual transition into manhood for many young Palestinian men.

A. visiting ancestral lands

B. experiencing a home demolition

C. being beaten, imprisoned, or tortured by Israeli soldiers

D. facing detention at a checkpoint

Answer Location: Dangerous Masculinity in Palestine

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The idea that black male bodies are perceived as dangerous in some contexts, but also as more durable in other contexts, is an illustration of which idea?

A. Doing gender

B. Hegemonic masculinity

C. Intersectionality

D. Heteronormativity

Answer Location: Masculinity, Health, and Race

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Men’s reluctance to display emptions or acknowledge pain goes against which of Brannon’s manhood rules?

A. The Sturdy Oak

B. The Big Wheel

C. No Sissy Stuff

D. Give ‘Em Hell

Answer Location: Masculinity, Health, and Race

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Early male doctors used ______ medicine to treat patients while female healers used ______ medicine.

A. holistic, scientific

B. scientific, holistic

C. holistic, heroic

D. heroic, holistic

Answer Location: Women, Doctors, Midwives, and Hormones

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which of the following was one of the reasons for excluding women from the medical field prior to the 20th century?

A. Women were too connected to the community.

B. Women were too connected to nature.

C. Male doctors wanted to commodify healing.

D. Male doctors were scientifically trained and women were not.

Answer Location: Women, Doctors, Midwives, and Hormones

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which of the following is identified as a problem that feminists raise about perceiving PMS as an actual psychological or medical disorder?

A. It reinforces a view of women’s bodies and all their biological processes as abnormal.

B. It provides a justification for excluding women from certain types of employment.

C. It makes half of the population medically deviant.

D. It is justification for the biological superiority of men.

Answer Location: The Gender of PMS

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. For Navajo women, the end of menstruation meant________.

A. a loss of status in the community.

B. continued isolation from the tribe.

C. increased freedom.

D. the inability to work as medicine women.

Answer Location: Menopause in Cross-cultural Perspective

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which theoretical perspective would say that hormone replacement therapy for post-menopausal women illustrates how our beliefs in sexual dimorphism shape the way we see biological reality?

A. Social construction theory

B. Gender schema theory

C. Evolutionary sociobiology

D. Status characteristics theory

Answer Location: Menopause in Cross-cultural Perspective

Cognitive Domain: Application

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

31. In the mind-body dualism, the mind is viewed as inferior to the body.

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. In societies, bodies serve as a source of identity and marker of social status.

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Naomi Wolf argues in her book, The Beauty Myth, that lipstick and makeup can foster women’s empowerment in society.

Answer Location: The Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Research suggests that the media and images of beauty displayed in popular culture are part of the reason women are becoming increasingly less satisfied with their bodies.

Answer Location: Beauty and Gender Inequality

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The thin Nigerian woman who won the 2001 Miss World title was not perceived as particularly beautiful by many older Nigerians.

Answer Location: Exporting the Beauty Myth

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Applying excessive amounts of makeup could be an indication of body dysmorphic disorder.

Answer Location: The Problem with Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. The most common form of cosmetic surgery is breast augmentation.

Answer Location: Eyelids and Empowerment: Cosmetic Surgery

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Beauty norms for men and women have remained constant over time.

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Some feminists argue that the pursuit of beauty can be seen as a means of empowerment for women.

Answer Location: Is Beauty Power?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Throughout history, there has been a strong cultural norm among heterosexual couples dictating that the man should be taller than the woman.

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. Social class has historically influenced ideal body norms for men.

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Masculinity norms dictate that men take fewer physical risks than women.

Answer Location: Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Men are less likely than women to stop taking medications that manage chronic and life-threatening diseases such as high blood pressure.

Answer Location: Masculinity, Health, and Race

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Menopause was conceived as a process that turned women into something like lifeless zombies.

Answer Location: Menopause in Cross-cultural Perspective

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. Eugenics was practiced in the United States until the 1970s.

Answer Location: Eugenics, Sterilization, and Population Control

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

46. How do social constructivists see bodies? What examples from the chapter show this point of view? What are the limitations of the social constructivist perspective on bodies?

Answer Location: Menopause in Cross-cultural Perspective

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. What is mind-body dualism, and how is this dualism gendered? Provide one example of a gendered mind-body dualism.

Answer Location: A Brief History of Bodies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Describe the role of bodies in doing gender. Provide an example of how men and women’s bodies are invested in the process of doing gender.

Answer Location: The Importance of Being Tall

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Identify the key similarities and differences between “The Sturdy Oak,” “No Sissy Stuff,” and “Give ‘Em Hell” ideologies. Then provide an example of how each of these ideas shapes social interaction.

Answer Location: Is Masculinity Bad for Your Health?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Explain Wolf’s concept, “the beauty myth,” and give an example of how it has been exported to other places in the world. How does Lehrman’s idea of beauty-as-power compare?

Answer Location: The Beauty Myth, Is Beauty Power?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium