Ch.7 Psychological/Trait Theories Of Crime Test Bank Docx 3e - Essentials of Anatomy Physiology Nursing Practice Set by Pamela J. Schram. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 7: Psychological/Trait Theories of Crime
Multiple Choice
1. Sociological theories of crime look at shared factors that may increase crime in society, while ______ theories focus on factors that may cause a specific individual to commit a crime.
a. conflict
b. interaction
c. psychological
d. symbolic
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Psychological theories of crime focus on ______.
a. the role of schools and courts on criminality
b. the impact of deterrence and retribution on criminality
c. the influence of an individual’s experiences, emotional adjustment, or personality on criminality
d. the impact of governmental structures and other large institutions on criminality
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The ______ evolves during individual development when restrictions, mores, and values of society are learned.
a. id
b. superego
c. ego
d. libido
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. ______ developed the controversial concept of psychoanalysis, founded on the perception of resistance used by individuals when therapists attempt to make them conscious of their unconscious.
a. August Aichhorn
b. Albert Fish
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Erik Erikson
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. ______ is considered a warning of looming danger or a painful experience and results in the individual attempting to fix the situation.
a. Stress
b. Defense mechanism
c. Unconscious
d. Anxiety
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Delinquency is considered ______ when it results in antisocial behavior.
a. latent
b. manifest
c. dormant
d. hysteric
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. According to Kohlberg, the ______ is characteristic of designating what is considered “right” and “wrong” according to those in authority; rewards and punishments are key components.
a. preconventional level of morality
b. conventional level of morality
c. subconventional level of morality
d. postconventional level of morality
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. According to Eysenck, for neurotics, the biological link is in the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, which involves ______.
a. pain and punishment
b. excitement
c. fight and flight reactions
d. antisocial behavior
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Individuals with low psychoticism are characterized as being all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. egocentric
b. empathetic
c. peaceful
d. altruistic
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. A central feature of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory is that moral development occurs in ______.
a. isolation
b. ages
c. groups
d. stages
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. ______ attachments are enduring and persistent. These attachments can sometimes last throughout a person’s life.
a. Specificity
b. Engagement of emotion
c. Organization
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. All of the following are considered levels of low IQ by Goddard EXCEPT ______.
a. moron
b. imbecile
c. fool
d. idiot
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: IQ and Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. People with low IQ scores are somewhat destined to be all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. commit crime
b. unsuccessful in school
c. produce illegitimate children
d. employed
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: IQ and Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The dominant ______ political climate of the 1960s was one of optimism with the perception that any social problem could be solved.
a. independent
b. liberal
c. conservative
d. libertarian
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. ______ refers specifically to antisocial personalities that are due to social or familial dysfunction.
a. Psychopath
b. Sadist
c. Sociopath
d. Masochist
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Psychopathy and Crime
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. The term insanity is a ______ term.
a. legal
b. medical
c. social
d. psychological
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. ______ examined adolescents struggling to discover their own ego identity while negotiating, learning, and understanding social interactions, as well as developing a sense of morality and right and wrong.
a. August Aichhorn
b. Albert Fish
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Erik Erikson
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. The ______ is a standard for the insanity defense where offenders can claim that, due to mental disease, they were unable to control their behavior.
a. M’Naghten Rule
b. irresistible impulse test
c. Durham test
d. American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Which of the following states does not allow an insanity defense?
a. Texas
b. Kansas
c. Florida
d. North Dakota
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. ______ is in the first nine (9) months of an infant’s life when he or she develops an attachment to a primary figure.
a. Course of development
b. Biological function
c. Engagement of emotion
d. Duration
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Some have referred to the “in and out” of prison and/or jail among offenders with mental health disorders as “______.”
a. the recidivism problem
b. the repetition issue
c. the revolving door
d. the insanity paradigm
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. What would be an example of primarily prevention?
a. a family member or teacher making a referral for an individual who is not deemed at-risk to offend
b. a probation condition that mandates substance abuse treatment
c. a mandatory program within a prison that provides psychotherapy
d. a guidance counselor intervening on behalf of an “at risk”’ student and making a referral to a therapist
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Hard
23. What would be an example of tertiary prevention?
a. an elective course at a high school that promotes physical and mental wellness
b. an alternative high school for at risk teens that provides targeted supports for all students
c. CPR and First Aid classes for young mothers at the local community center
d. an aftercare program upon release from prison
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Hard
24. Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programs have resulted in offenders demonstrating improved behavioral functioning and ______.
a. reductions in criminal recidivism
b. increases in criminal recidivism
c. lowered employment rates
d. a higher divorce rate
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. The ______ is a subconscious domain of the psyche that is responsible for our innate desires and drives, such as libido.
a. ego
b. id
c. superego
d. conscience
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. In addition to the id, ego, and superego, anxiety, ______, and the unconscious are also key principles of Freud’s psychoanalytical perspective.
a. stages of childhood development
b. levels of moral development
c. defense mechanisms
d. societal realizations
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. August Aichhorn attempted to use psychoanalysis to uncover the unconscious motives of ______ engaging in delinquent behavior.
a. women
b. juveniles
c. mental patients
d. the elderly
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, which stage would say, “an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth”?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 3
d. Stage 4
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. When faced with the Heinz Dilemma, an individual might decide that it is morally right to steal the medicine for his wife because preserving life is of utmost importance. Such an individual is at Stage ______ of moral development.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 6
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. Attachment theory has seven basic features: specificity, duration, engagement of emotion, course of development, learning, organization, and ______.
a. biological function
b. neuroticism
c. maternal bonding
d. paternal affection
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Although Wilson and Herrnstein didn’t give their theories a name, some scholars have suggested ______ theory of criminality.
a. militant attachment
b. operant-utilitarian
c. narcissist adaptive
d. hereditary-impulsive
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Wilson and Herrnstein attempted to explain street crime by demonstrating how human nature develops and evolves from the interaction of social environment, family relationships, and ______.
a. governmental influence
b. cultural bias
c. biological makeup
d. gender stereotypes
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. What was the most controversial aspect of Wilson and Herrnstein’s theoretical perspective?
a. social environment
b. family relationships
c. governmental influence
d. biological makeup
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. What term refers to individuals whose antisocial behavior may be a result of a defect or abnormality within themselves?
a. psychopath
b. sociopath
c. schizophrenic
d. manic-depressive
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Psychopathy and Crime
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. Which type of psychopath is more prone to extensive symptoms of psychological turmoil and emotional reactivity?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. first degree
d. second degree
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Psychopathy and Crime
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. ______ is an integrated cognitive behavioral change program that includes cognitive restructuring, social skill development, and the development of problem-solving skills.
a. Cognitive Reset Program
b. Skills Development for Life
c. Thinking for a Change
d. Problem Solvers Inc.
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Treatment
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and anxiety disorders are examples of the severe and persistent disorders that qualify offenders to participate in ______ courts.
a. drug
b. mental health
c. juvenile
d. district
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Mental-Health Courts
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. The M’Naghten rule, the Irresistible Impulse Test, the Durham Test, and American Law Institute’s Model Penal Code test are all standards for establishing a/an ______ defense in court.
a. insanity
b. self-defense
c. automatism
d. duress
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. Offenders are not criminally responsible, even if they are aware of their conduct, if this behavior was the “product of mental disease or defect,” according to the ______ defense.
a. M’Naghten
b. Irresistible Impulse
c. Durham Test
d. Model Penal Code
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. Which insanity defense contends that a person is not responsible for criminal conduct if, at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, s/he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of the conduct or to conform the conduct to the requirements of the law?
a. M’Naghten
b. Irresistible Impulse
c. Durham Test
d. Model Penal Code
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Insanity Defense
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. In most instances, the ego can cope with anxiety through rational measures.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The ego is the moderator between the demands of an instinct (i.e., the id), the superego, and reality.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The preconventional level of morality is characteristic of designating what is considered “right” and “wrong” based on the rules of those in authority.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. In ancient history, according to lex talionis—or the “an-eye-for-an-eye” philosophy when dealing with offenders—the father of a raped daughter was allowed to rape the rapist’s wife.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Applying Theory to Crime: Rape
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Freud used the term sex in a broader context; thus, sex included those things, such as painting, that give people pleasure.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. In early childhood, girls often gravitate toward the morality of justice, while boys gravitate toward the morality of care.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Heinz’s Dilemma
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. During the 1960s and 1970s, biological explanations of crime lost favor and environmental or sociological explanations became palatable.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Goddard believed that intelligence, or IQ, was static or innate and could not change over time.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: IQ and Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Attachment theory was influenced heavily by the work of Freud and other psychoanalytic theorists.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Psychoticism includes traits such as being sociable, lively, active, assertive, dominant, and carefree.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Originally, Eysenck focused on the two personality dimensions of neuroticism and extroversion.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. It is more difficult to condition extroverts than introverts.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Some of the most intense and passionate emotions are associated with attachment relationships.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. A child being from a broken home or a single-parent household is not necessarily an influential factor; rather, it is the parent’s failure to teach the child the consequences of his or her actions.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Wilson and Herrnstein contend that at any time, a person can choose between committing a crime and not committing a crime.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Freud insisted that the ego and superego can never operate at an unconscious level.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Most sociological theories of crime focus on shared factors that may influence offenders to commit crime.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Goddard believed an individual's IQ could change over time.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: IQ and Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. In the 1960s, biological explanations of criminal behavior were the most accepted explanations of criminal behavior.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Wilson and Herrnstein contend that at any time, a person can choose between committing a crime and not committing a crime.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Wilson and Herrnstein tested their ratio of rewards through extensive empirical research.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: James Q. Wilson and Richard J. Herrnstein: Crime and Human Nature
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. The percentage of people who have mental illnesses is higher in correctional facilities than the general populations.
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. The number of criminal offenders with mental disorders decreases every year.
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Robert Morgan’s research indicated that targeted treatments and interventions could improve mental illness and criminality.
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Lykken contended that psychopaths have a low fear quotient.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Psychopathy and Crime
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. List and describe the key features that distinguish a psychopath from other criminal offenders.
Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize the modern psychological perspectives of criminality.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Psychopathy and Crime
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Describe the three dimensions associated with Hans Eysenck’s theory of crime and personality.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Identify the general principles of psychoanalysis and how psychoanalysis applies to criminal behavior.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. What is the M’Naghten rule?
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The M’Naghten Rule
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What is the Irresistible Impulse Test?
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Knowledge, Analysis
Answer Location: The Irresistible-Impulse Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. What is the PEN model, and who developed it? Write a sample question that could be used to test individuals for every dimension of the PEN model.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. What types of studies most frequently reference attachment theory? What are some real life applications of these studies?
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. According to attachment theory, an infant develops an attachment to a “primary figure.” What type of person is considered the primary figure?
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: John Bowlby: Attachment Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. To achieve an ideal level of arousal, what do extroverts need, according to Eysenck?
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Neuroticism is linked to many traits. List three (3) different traits an individual may exhibit when considered neurotic.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Hans Eysenck: Theory of Crime and Personality
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. According to Gilligan, why may girls fail to develop within the constraints of Kohlberg’s system of moral development?
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Heinz’s Dilemma
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. According to Freud, what can happen if unconscious experiences are not brought to awareness by the individual?
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Freud’s Model of the Psyche and Implications for Criminal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Explain the three (3) levels of moral development according to Kohlberg and the several stages of reasoning within these levels.
Learning Objective: 7.1: Describe how the early psychological theories explained criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Lawrence Kohlberg: Moral Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. What is the Durham rule?
Learning Objective: 7.3: Explain the relation between mental health and the criminal justice system.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Durham Rule
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. What are the policy implications that could be developed based upon this research in this chapter?
Learning Objective: 7.4: Describe the policy implications associated with psychological explanations of criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Policy Implications of Psychological/Trait Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
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