Ch6 | Sexual Health & Care – Complete Test Bank 2e

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Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Teens and young adults have a disproportionately higher rate of certain STIs than other age groups in our society.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The younger a woman is, the more likely she is to develop breast cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) Reaching menarche at an early age is a risk factor in the development of breast cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) A lumpectomy removes one or both breasts, and possibly other tissue around the breast, to eradicate cancer from that area.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) Men are more susceptible than women to developing urinary tract infections.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) Cancer that originates in the vagina is called vulvar cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Cryptorchidism is a risk factor in the development of prostate cancer.

⊚ true
⊚ false

8) Of all industrialized countries in the world, the United States has the highest rate of STIs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

9) Consistent condom use guarantees that the person will not get an STI.

⊚ true
⊚ false

10) There is no corner of the earth that HIV/AIDS has not reached.

⊚ true
⊚ false

11) Condoms can help prevent the transmission of trichomoniasis.

⊚ true
⊚ false

12) Today heterosexual sex is one of the most common ways of transmitting HIV.

⊚ true
⊚ false

13) It is possible to transmit HIV by hugging someone, or by sharing food or eating utensils.

⊚ true
⊚ false

14) Seroconversion occurs in the fourth stage of HIV infection.

⊚ true
⊚ false

15) Bacteria that cause STIs are spread primarily via sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex, or when contact with bodily fluids occurs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

16) Gonorrhea is a viral STI.

⊚ true
⊚ false

17) Chlamydia is easily treated and cured with antibiotics.

⊚ true
⊚ false

18) Untreated, pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and other serious consequences.

⊚ true
⊚ false

19) A Pap test is one of the methods of diagnosing human papillomavirus.

⊚ true
⊚ false

20) Hepatitis A is the hepatitis virus that is associated with sexual contact.

⊚ true
⊚ false

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21) Identify the age group that has a disproportionately higher rate of certain STIs than other age groups in the U.S.

A) infants
B) toddlers
C) teens and young adults
D) middle-aged adults
E) adults in late adulthood

22) In the United States, _____ is the fifth leading cause of death for women.

A) heart disease
B) lung cancer
C) cervical cancer
D) breast cancer
E) diabetes

23) Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among _____ women.

A) Asian American
B) Native American
C) African American
D) Hispanic
E) non-Hispanic White

24) A(n) _____ removes the cancerous tumor in the breast while leaving the breast intact.

A) appendectomy
B) mastectomy
C) lumpectomy
D) laparotomy
E) colostomy

25) A(n) _____ is the removal of one or both breasts, and possibly other tissue around the breast, to eradicate cancer from that area.

A) laparotomy
B) lumpectomy
C) colostomy
D) mastectomy
E) appendectomy

26) A(n) _____ is an instrument used to open the vagina during vaginal exams performed by a physician.

A) speculum
B) scalpel
C) endoscope
D) colposcope
E) lancet

27) Emanuelle has an exam where her doctor inserts two fingers into her vagina while placing her other hand on top of the lower part of the abdomen in order to feel for any abnormalities and to check the size, shape, and mobility of the uterus. Emanuelle's doctor is performing a

A) digital rectal exam.
B) mammogram.
C) bimanual exam.
D) colonoscopy.
E) speculum exam.

28) Which of the following refers to an infection of the urethra, bladder, or other urinary structure, usually caused by bacteria?

A) lower respiratory infection
B) urolithiasis
C) urinary bladder disease
D) vaginitis
E) urinary tract infection

29) Which of the following is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection?

A) urine that is light or straw-colored
B) passing very little urine despite drinking plenty of fluids
C) complete cessation of urine production
D) a strong, persistent urge to urinate
E) lack of sensation during urination

30) _____ is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in some unpleasant symptoms, including discharge, itching, and pain.

A) Vaginismus
B) Vaginitis
C) A urinary tract infection
D) Gonorrhea
E) Syphilis

31) _____ refers to a type of vaginitis that results from overgrowth of one or more of several organisms typically present in the vagina.

A) Atrophic vaginitis
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Yeast infection
D) Bacterial vaginosis
E) Urinary tract infection

32) _____ refers to a type of vaginitis that occurs when a naturally occurring fungus changes the normal environment in the vagina, mouth, skinfolds, or fingernail beds.

A) Yeast infection
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Atrophic vaginitis
D) Bacterial vaginosis
E) Urinary tract infection

33) _____ is so common that it is estimated that three of four women will contract it in their lifetime.

A) Atrophic vaginitis
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Yeast infection
D) Bacterial vaginosis
E) Urinary tract infection

34) _____ is a type of vaginitis caused by a parasite that is spread during sex with someone who already has the infection.

A) Atrophic vaginitis
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Yeast infection
D) Bacterial vaginosis
E) Urinary tract infection

35) Trichomoniasis is treated by

A) a suppository placed in the vagina.
B) antibiotics prescribed by a health care provider.
C) using water-based lubricants during sexual intercourse.
D) an anti-yeast cream.
E) refraining from irritating feminine products.

36) _____ is a type of vaginitis that occurs due to reduced estrogen levels resulting from menopause and can cause vaginal tissues to become thinner and drier.

A) Atrophic vaginitis
B) Trichomoniasis
C) A yeast infection
D) Bacterial vaginosis
E) A urinary tract infection

37) Which of the following treatments for atrophic vaginitis can help women enjoy intercourse?

A) administering a suppository
B) using anti-yeast cream
C) taking antibiotics prescribed by a health care provider
D) using water-based lubricants
E) drinking lots of water

38) Which of the following is the most common type of uterine cancer?

A) cervical cancer
B) endometrial cancer
C) ovarian cancer
D) vulvar cancer
E) vaginal cancer

39) Of all the gynecologic cancers, _____ cancer is the deadliest, but it accounts for only about 3% of all cancers in women.

A) cervical
B) vaginal
C) vulvar
D) uterine
E) ovarian

40) Which of the following is the easiest female cancer to prevent with regular screening tests?

A) cervical cancer
B) ovarian cancer
C) uterine cancer
D) vulvar cancer
E) vaginal cancer

41) When found and treated early, _____ cancer is the most curable type of gynecologic cancer.

A) uterine
B) ovarian
C) cervical
D) vulvar
E) vaginal

42) Which of the following is the main cause of cervical cancer?

A) Neisseria gonorrhea
B) herpes simplex virus (HSV)
C) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
D) human papillomavirus (HPV)
E) Chlamydia trachomatis

43) Nearly all testicular cancers are thought to begin in the

A) germ cells.
B) seminal vesicles.
C) prostate gland.
D) red blood cells.
E) urethra.

44) Identify the cells in the testicles that produce immature sperm.

A) lymphocytes
B) red blood cells
C) goblet cells
D) epithelial cells
E) germ cells

45) _____ refers to a condition that occurs in infancy in which one or both of the testicles do not descend.

A) Anorchism
B) Monorchism
C) Polyorchidism
D) Cryptorchidism
E) Sertoli cell-only syndrome

46) Which of the following is a risk factor for both testicular and prostate cancer?

A) abnormal testicle development
B) an undescended testicle
C) family history
D) high testosterone levels
E) high glucose levels

47) Which of the following is a risk factor for prostate cancer?

A) high testosterone levels
B) abnormal testicle development
C) an undescended testicle
D) low estrogen levels
E) a low-fat diet

48) _____ refers to an exam during which the physician inserts the fingers into the rectum in order to feel the size of the prostate gland.

A) Colonoscopy
B) Speculum exam
C) Bimanual exam
D) Pelvic exam
E) Digital rectal exam

49) Which of the following is a problem with routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests that are used to detect prostate cancer?

A) The tests are known to increase the risk of prostate cancer.
B) The tests are known to result in many false positives.
C) The tests are not very effective at detecting late-stage prostate cancer.
D) The tests are known to cause impotence.
E) The tests increase the risk of contracting an STI.

50) _____ refers to a painful condition in women marked by inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, typically caused by the presence of one or more untreated STIs.

A) Gonorrhea
B) Chlamydia
C) Nongonococcal urethritis
D) Pelvic inflammatory disease
E) Trichomoniasis

51) Of the following, which is the biggest risk factor for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

A) using condoms instead of contraceptive pills
B) being male
C) being female
D) never having contracted an STI
E) delay in engaging in sex

52) Which of the following increases the risk of getting a sexually transmitted disease?

A) alcohol and drug use
B) consistent use of condoms
C) a high-fat diet
D) being male
E) engaging in sex at a late age

53) Discussion about STIs between sexual partners should

A) be in person and based on credible information.
B) occur directly after having sex.
C) happen over text in order to minimize embarrassment.
D) occur in the presence of an intermediary who has knowledge on the subject.
E) only be necessary if one partner notices a symptom of an STI.

54) _____ is a virus that leads to the destruction of the immune system through a variety of illnesses known as AIDS.

A) Neisseria gonorrhea
B) The herpes simplex virus (HSV)
C) The human papillomavirus (HPV)
D) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
E) The hepatitis B virus (HBV)

55) HIV/AIDS has become a(n)

A) global pandemic.
B) endemic.
C) spate.
D) syndemic.
E) counter-syndemic.

56) _____ refers to a late-stage infection with HIV.

A) Hepatitis B
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Nongonococcal urethritis
D) Pelvic inflammatory disease
E) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

57) _____ refers to a virus that survives and multiplies by invading and destroying the DNA of normal body cells and then replicating its own DNA into the host cell's chromosomes.

A) Adenovirus
B) Reovirus
C) DNA virus
D) RNA virus
E) Retrovirus

58) The organism responsible for AIDS is a retrovirus that

A) affects the body's reproductive organs, leading to infertility.
B) destroys the cells of the body's immune system as it reproduces.
C) primarily infects and destroys the body's red bloods cells.
D) causes excessive proliferation of red blood cells.
E) affects the neural pathways of the brain.

59) Which of the following behaviors is one of the most common modes of HIV transmission?

A) an infected mother breastfeeding her baby
B) cunnilingus
C) anal sex with the use of condoms
D) closed-mouthed kissing
E) vaginal sex without the use of condoms

60) Which of the following is NOT a possible mode of transmission of HIV?

A) oral sex with an infected person
B) sharing needles with an infected person
C) blood transfusions from an infected person
D) sharing of food or utensils with an infected person
E) engaging in deep kissing with an infected person

61) Which of the following cells of the immune system does HIV infect?

A) macrophages
B) T-cells
C) B-cells
D) neutrophils
E) phagocytes

62) _____ play a critical role in our immune system by coordinating the actions of other immune system cells.

A) Red blood cells
B) Memory cells
C) T-cells
D) Goblet cells
E) Epithelial cells

63) During the _____ stage there is a large amount of HIV in the bloodstream, and the immune system responds by producing HIV antibodies.

A) primary HIV infection
B) clinically asymptomatic
C) symptomatic HIV infection
D) progression from HIV to AIDS
E) opportunistic infection

64) If an HIV antibody test is done before the completion of _____, it may show as a false-negative result.

A) vaccination
B) seroreversion
C) immunization
D) seroconversion
E) inoculation

65) Identify the process during which HIV antibodies produced by the immune system detect HIV particles and disable them.

A) vaccination
B) seroconversion
C) immunization
D) seroreversion
E) inoculation

66) During the _____ stage, levels of HIV in the bloodstream drop to lower levels, but HIV antibodies are still detectable in the blood.

A) opportunistic infection
B) primary HIV infection
C) progression from HIV to AIDS
D) symptomatic HIV infection
E) clinically asymptomatic

67) _____ is mainly caused by the emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers that a normal immune system would fight off and prevent.

A) Symptomatic HIV infection
B) Primary HIV infection
C) The clinically asymptomatic stage of HIV
D) Progression from HIV to AIDS
E) The secondary HIV infection stage

68) _____ are a group of infections that establish themselves in the human body as a result of a weakened immune system due to HIV infection.

A) Retroviral infections
B) Recurrent infections
C) Latent HIV infections
D) Primary HIV infections
E) Opportunistic infections

69) The _____ stage of HIV infection is characterized by multisystem disease and infections, which can occur in almost every bodily system.

A) progression from HIV to AIDS
B) primary HIV infection
C) clinically asymptomatic
D) symptomatic HIV infection
E) secondary HIV infection

70) Which of the following is a newer, longer-lasting form of HIV prevention that comes in the form of a daily pill that reduces the risk of HIV transmission for those who do not have HIV but are at a very high risk of getting it?

A) PrEP
B) PID
C) antibiotic
D) intramuscular injection
E) Pap

71) "The clap" is a slang term for which of the following sexually transmitted infections?

A) chlamydia
B) gonorrhea
C) syphilis
D) scabies
E) trichomoniasis

72) Identify the type of organism that causes gonorrhea.

A) fungus
B) protozoan
C) parasitic mite
D) bacterium
E) retrovirus

73) If gonorrhea is left untreated in men, the infection can cause _____, which is a painful condition of the ducts attached to the testicles.

A) vaginitis
B) prostatitis
C) epididymitis
D) syphilis
E) nongonococcal urethritis

74) Which of the following is/are a serious complication that women infected with gonorrhea are at risk of developing?

A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) genital warts
E) scabies

75) Greg has a burning sensation, a yellowish discharge from his penis, and swollen testicles. His doctor is concerned that he might have _____, a common bacterial STI, and prescribes an antibiotic

A) gonorrhea
B) hepatitis
C) HPV
D) PID
E) scabies

76) In the United States, _____ is the most frequently reported bacterial STI.

A) herpes
B) syphilis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia
E) scabies

77) Which of the following is a mode of transmission of chlamydia?

A) masturbation
B) oral sex
C) deep kissing
D) blood transfusion
E) sharing of food and utensils

78) _____ is a leading cause of early infant pneumonia and conjunctivitis (pink eye) in newborns.

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Syphilis
D) Herpes
E) Scabies

79) Jorganna is going to her gynecologist, as she has abnormal vaginal discharge and a burning sensation while urinating. Her doctor is concerned that she might have _____, the most frequently reported bacterial STI in the United States.

A) chlamydia
B) syphilis
C) PID
D) genital warts
E) hepatitis

80) _____ is an STI caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidumand characterized by a chancre, or sore, at the point of infection. Untreated, it can destroy brain tissue and cause death.

A) Herpes
B) Chlamydia
C) Scabies
D) Gonorrhea
E) Syphilis

81) Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission of syphilis?

A) prenatal exposure through an infected mother
B) direct contact with a syphilis sore
C) sharing clothing with an infected person
D) vaginal intercourse
E) oral sex

82) Which of the following is a mode of transmission of syphilis?

A) contact with toilet seats
B) direct contact with a syphilis sore
C) through swimming pools
D) sharing eating utensils with an infected person
E) sharing a hot tub with an infected person

83) The word _____ refers to a sore that typically appears at the site of infection with syphilis.

A) tumor
B) ablation
C) lesion
D) chancre
E) cyst

84) Which of the following marks the primary stage of syphilis?

A) swollen lymph nodes
B) appearance of skin rash and mucous membrane lesions
C) appearance of a single sore called a chancre
D) the disappearance of skin rashes and mucous lesions
E) gradual blindness

85) Which of the following is a common symptom of the secondary stage of syphilis?

A) patchy hair loss
B) significant damage to internal organs
C) difficulty coordinating muscle movements
D) paralysis
E) numbness

86) Which of the following is a symptom of the late stage of syphilis?

A) fever
B) dementia
C) fatigue
D) headaches
E) sore throat

87) Women can effectively prevent PID by

A) not acquiring STIs.
B) routinely taking contraceptive pills.
C) administering a vaginal douche after intercourse.
D) using water-based lubricants during sexual intercourse.
E) engaging in intercourse early in life.

88) _____ refers to a skin infestation caused by a microscopic mite that burrows under the skin and causes a very itchy rash.

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Syphilis
D) Crabs
E) Scabies

89) Which of the following is/are the most common symptom(s) of scabies?

A) nits or crawling lice on the body
B) intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash
C) fever and nausea
D) sores around the mouth
E) irregular menstrual bleeding

90) _____ refers to very small parasitic insects that attach themselves to hair shafts and cause itching.

A) Bed bugs
B) Lernaeocera branchialis
C) Ascaris
D) Pubic lice
E) Scabies mites

91) Which of the following is a recommended treatment for pubic lice?

A) antibiotics
B) scabicide
C) pediculicide
D) retroviral therapy
E) Gardasil

92) Which of the following is a viral STI that is characterized by sores on the mouth or genitals?

A) herpes
B) human papillomavirus
C) gonorrhea
D) syphilis
E) chlamydia

93) _____ is contracted from one of a group of more than 100 related viruses.

A) The hepatitis B virus (HBV)
B) The herpes simplex virus (HSV)
C) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
D) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
E) Syphilis

94) Which of the following is/are a common symptom(s) of HPV?

A) chancre
B) genital warts
C) fever
D) sores on the mouth
E) intense itching and a pimple-like skin rash

95) _____ refers to a chronic viral infection of the liver.

A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Herpes
D) Hepatitis
E) Chlamydia

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
96) A(n) _____ is a low-dose X-ray of the breast used to detect growths and cancer in breast tissue.

97) A(n) _____ infection is a type of vaginitis that occurs when a naturally occurring fungus changes the normal environment of the vagina, mouth, skinfolds, or fingernail beds.

98) _____ cancer refers to a group of five different cancers affecting a woman's reproductive system, including vaginal, vulvar, uterine, ovarian, and cervical cancers.

99) Palomar is a smoker with a history of HPV. She goes to her gynecologist because she has pain in her pelvis and persistent itching. Her doctor is concerned that she might have _____ cancer, a gynecologic cancer that begins in the vagina.

100) _____ cancer refers to a gynecologic cancer that begins in the uterus.

101) Sandrine is a middle-aged Ashkenazi Jew with a history if endometriosis and breast cancer. She goes to her gynecologist because she has pain in her pelvis, is extremely tired, has an upset stomach continuously and abnormal vaginal discharge. Her doctor is concerned that she might have _____ cancer.

102) Emilie has had HPV in the past and goes for Pap tests once a year. Her doctor thinks she should come more frequently because he is concerned she might develop _____ cancer, which often has no symptoms but is related to HPV.

103) Pedro is a 28-year-old white male with Klinefelter's syndrome, which has resulted in an anatomical variation in the development of his genitals. He goes to his doctor because he has a dull ache in his abdomen, is tired, and has a collection of fluid in the scrotum. His doctor is concerned that he might have _____ cancer.

104) The _____ blood test is used to screen and detect early-stage prostate cancer. According to recent studies, it is not perfect and cannot detect all cancers. (Provide the abbreviation.)

105) HIV has become a global _____, meaning that there is no corner of the earth that HIV/AIDS has not reached.

106) Symptomatic HIV infection is mainly caused by the emergence of ______ infections, which are a group of infections that establish themselves in the human body as a result of a weakened immune system due to HIV infection.

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
107) List some of the risks associated with breast cancer. How can women reduce their risk of getting breast cancer?

108) Describe any two common types of vaginitis.

109) How can alcohol and drug use compromise sexual health?

110) Discuss how partners can negotiate the risks associated with sexual activity.

111) Explain the origin of the stigma of HIV/AIDS. Discuss the evolution of these views.

112) Describe the current treatment methods used for HIV/AIDS.

113) What are the symptoms of chlamydia? Discuss its transmission and prevention.

114) How is scabies diagnosed? How is it treated?

115) Describe the common symptoms of human papillomavirus.

116) What are some of the ways in which a society can control the spread of STIs? How does poverty affect the sexual health of communities?