Ch5 – The Function and Importance of Fitness + Exam Prep

Student name:__________

1) Select all the sensors that you would expect to find in a Fitbit device.

A) PurePulse
B) SmartTrack
C) thermometer
D) barometer

2) From the list below, select all the types of data that are collected by fitness trackers for heart rate.

A) resting heart rate
B) cardio fitness calculations
C) heart rate zones
D) vertical movement

3) From the list provided, select the data that are used to determine sleep patterns.

A) heart bpm
B) decreased lateral movement
C) decreased vertical movement
D) calories burned

4) From the following list, select all that are part of the nervous system.

A) brain
B) spinal cord
C) stomach
D) eyes
E) bladder

5) From the list below, select the characteristics that relate to slow-twitch muscle fiber.

A) aerobic
B) explosive power
C) endurance
D) fatigues easily
E) steady power

6) Studies have shown adverse health conditions are associated with a sedentary lifestyle. List three of the five mentioned in this chapter.

7) This book mentions three ways that exercise affects the physiology of the heart. Provide two ways in your answer.

8) The ______ sensor tracks the majority of movement that is recorded, the velocity of the movement, and sleep patterns.

9) The number of steps recommended as a default in a Fitbit smartwatch is ______ steps.

10) Water is an important component of _______, which is the sum of all chemical reactions in the body.

11) When compared to prokaryotic cells, ______ cells are more complex and contain a nucleus and organelles.

12) A(n) ______ is a structure that consists of two or more types of tissue that work together for a particular function.

13) The ablility of the body to maintain a stable internal environment is referred to as ______.

14) The ______ connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

15) In homeostasis, the ______ system is responsible for detecting and responding to stimuli from the environment.

16) ______ muscles are associated with involuntary muscles that line the internal organs, such as the movement of the stomach.

17) If a person has a blood pressure reading of 140/85, this is an indication that there is excess pressure being exerted during the systolic and diastolic phases. This elevation of blood pressure is also called _______.

18) Exercise is important for strengthening the skeletal system. This aids in the homeostasis of ______(hint: a specific element).

19) If a person becomes overheated and dehydrated during exercise, this is called ______.

20) One of the greatest potential benefits of using next-generation fitness trackers is to move away from diagnostic analysis to ______ analysis.

21) Which of the following could be monitored with a smartwatch?

A) tracking an unborn baby's heart rate
B) tracking how many calories are burned
C) tracking blood glucose levels
D) tracking blood pressure

22) Who was the first person to introduce a type of fitness tracker in the United States?

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) George Washington
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Nikola Tesla

23) On the underside of the Fitbit smartwatch, there are two green lights that blink when the watch is moved. What are these green lights designed to measure?

A) your rate of blood flow
B) the movement of your extremities
C) your number of steps on a horizontal service
D) your number of steps on a vertical service

24) The Fitbit smartwatch detects movement through the use of an accelerometer. It differs from earlier designed accelerometers because it tracks linear movement around

A) one axis.
B) two axes.
C) three axes.
D) four axes.

25) Which element of a Fitbit smartwatch detects the vertical movement of climbing stairs?

A) barometer
B) photoplethysmography
C) accelerometer
D) PurePulse

26) Which two sensors of a Fitbit smartwatch determine sleep patterns?

A) PurePulse and SmartTrack
B) PurePulse and barometer
C) barometer and SmartTrack

27) Which element of a Fitbit smartwatch converts distance traveled to the number of steps taken?

A) barometer
B) photoplethysmography
C) accelerometer
D) PurePulse

28) Photoplethysmography detects the flow of blood through the ______ in the wrist.

A) veins
B) arteries
C) capillaries
D) All the answer choices are correct.

29) The accelerometer sensor determines three points of movement. Which point would detect steps climbed?

A) forward
B) lateral
C) vertical

30) There are many aspects of a person's physiology that can be collected by a fitness tracker. If a person's resting heart rate is above 90, what could this indicate?

A) The person has a healthy resting heart rate.
B) The person should seek medical attention because this could indicate the presence of a heart condition.
C) The person has a healthy cardiovascular system.
D) The person has a normal resting heart rate and a healthy cardiovascular system.

31) The Fitbit smartwatch determines the quality of sleep related to the major categories of sleep. Which of these are used to determine the quality of sleep, also known as the sleep score?

A) the amount of time slept
B) the amount of time spent in deep sleep
C) the amount of movement during sleep
D) All three of these are used to determine the sleep score.

32) There are three stages of sleep. Which stage corresponds with most dreaming?

A) light
B) deep
C) REM

33) Which of the following is(are) collected by a smartwatch to calculate the number of calories burned?

A) age
B) gender
C) heart rate
D) All of these are recorded to accurately track calories burned.

34) A Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise _______ grams of water _______ degree Celsius at sea level.

A) 1,000; 1
B) 100; 1
C) 1; 1,000
D) 1; 100

35) The information obtained from a fitness tracker relates to a person's health. Which of the following influences all other measurements obtained by the tracker?

A) heart rate
B) water intake
C) calories burned
D) sleep pattern

36) Which of the following is caused by elevated blood pressure and can lead to damage to the blood vessels of the heart, enlargement of the heart muscles, and possibly heart failure?

A) hypertensive heart disease
B) coronary artery disease
C) angina
D) arrhythmias

37) As person ages, their target heart rate

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) remains the same.

38) The recommended exercise time for young adults and children is

A) 60 minutes per day.
B) 2 hours per week.
C) 5 hours per week.
D) 2 hours per day.

39) Studies have shown that inadequate sleep increases a person's risk of developing

A) type 2 diabetes.
B) mental health issues.
C) heart disease.
D) the risk of developing all of these is associated with inadequate sleep.

40) When assessing the input of food and water, which of the following is the MOST detrimental to our health?

A) excess food consumption and lack of water
B) excess consumption of food and water
C) lack of consumption of food and an increase in water consumption

41) What is the main role of water in the body?

A) transport nutrients and wastes
B) regulate breathing rate
C) control hormones
D) stimulate the nervous system

42) In which of the following BMI ranges would you place a person of healthy weight?

A) <18.5
B) 18.5 to 24.9
C) 25 to 29.9
D) 29.9 to 39.9

43) Which of the following is not a fundamental characteristic of life?

A) contain DNA
B) growth and development
C) metabolic activity
D) respond to stimuli

44) A collection of organs and tissues that work together to perform a general function is called a(n)

A) organ system.
B) body.
C) eukaroyotic cell.
D) multicellular organism.

45) Which of the following can function as an individual unit, but when combined can form complex structures?

A) cells
B) tissues
C) organs
D) organ systems

46) Of the following, which one includes all the others listed?

A) cells
B) tissue
C) organs
D) organ systems

47) Which organ system's role is to protect the exterior of the body?

A) integumentary
B) lymphatic
C) endocrine
D) muscular

48) There are multiple organ systems involved in maintaining homeostasis. Which organ system is considered the control center of homeostasis?

A) nervous system
B) cardiovascular system
C) respiratory system
D) urinary system

49) Which of the following is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism in the body?

A) temperature
B) pH
C) blood glucose levels
D) All of these are regulated through negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

50) Thinking about a negative feedback system, the ______ is the condition being measured and the ______ is the target of the actions of the control center.

A) stimulus; effect
B) stimulus; sensor
C) effect; sensor
D) sensor; stimulus

51) In maintaining body temperature, the ______ is the part of the brain that detects the increase in body temperature.

A) hypothalamus
B) hippocampus
C) cerebrum
D) medulla

52) Which of the following organ systems is(are) involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

A) digestive system
B) cardiovascular system
C) urinary system
D) respiratory system
E) All of these systems are involved in maintaining a stable blood glucose level.

53) There are two different paths for blood to travel throughout the body. The ______ circuit carries blood to and away from organ systems, and the ______ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.

A) systemic; pulmonary
B) pulmonary; systemic

54) What blood vessel brings blood that is high in CO₂ to the heart?

A) vena cava
B) pulmonary vein
C) aorta
D) pulmonary artery

55) The respiratory system plays a major role in homeostasis by regulating

A) gas exchange between the internal body and the external environment.
B) oxygen delivery to tissues of the body.
C) blood glucose levels.
D) the excretion of fluids.

56) Air enters the lungs when the diaphragm moves

A) down and pressure in the lungs decreases.
B) down and pressure in the lungs increases.
C) up and pressure in the lungs decreases.
D) up and pressure in the lungs increases.

57) In homeostasis, which organ system's central role is to process nutrients for cells, tissues, and organs?

A) digestive system
B) respiratory system
C) immune system
D) urinary system

58) Which of the following digestive system organs produces digestive enzymes, and produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar?

A) pancreas
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) small intestines

59) Which of the following digestive system organs stores bile that is used in the small intestines?

A) pancreas
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) stomach

60) The digestion of proteins is facilitated by pepsin produced in the ______, and trypsin produced in the ______.

A) mouth; stomach
B) stomach; small intestines
C) small intestines; large intestines
D) mouth; large intestines

61) In homeostasis, which organ system's central role is to remove liquid wastes and detoxification of chemicals?

A) digestive system
B) respiratory system
C) immune system
D) urinary system

62) The role of the ______ is the filter the blood of wastes and chemicals.

A) bladder
B) kidney
C) ureter
D) urethra

63) The ______ take information and send it to the ______, where it is integrated and processed.

A) sensory neurons; interneurons
B) interneurons; motor neurons
C) motor neurons; interneurons
D) sensory neurons; motor neurons

64) If a person was having difficulty with maintaining an upright position, which type of sensory receptor may have been affected?

A) mechanoreceptor
B) chemoreceptor
C) nociceptor
D) photoreceptor

65) Which organ system is the main system involved in overall homeostasis?

A) digestive system
B) respiratory system
C) immune system
D) endocrine system

66) In males, which of the following would be produced by the testis in the endocrine system?

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) testosterone and estrogen

67) Hormones are classified as either steroid or peptide hormones. Which of the following explains the differences between the two classes?

A) Steroid hormones are lipid based and pass through the membrane; peptide hormones are protein based and bind to cell surface receptors.
B) Steroid hormones are protein based and pass through the membrane; peptide hormones are steroid based and bind to cell surface receptors.
C) Steroid hormones are lipid based and bind to cell surface receptors; peptide hormones are protein based and pass through the membrane.
D) There are no major differences. Steroid and peptide hormones are both protein based and pass through the membrane.

68) The skeletal system

A) aids in movement.
B) protects vital organs.
C) stores calcium.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

69) The muscular system works with the skeletal system for movement. It also plays a role in

A) maintaining body temperature.
B) regulating blood flow.
C) maintaining body temperature and regulating blood flow.
D) regulating calcium and blood flow.

70) During skeletal muscle contractions, which part of the muscle shortens?

A) sarcomere
B) actin myofilament
C) myosin myofilament
D) Z line

71) As a person increases in exercise, their heart muscle gets stronger. This will be reflected by a(n)

A) decrease in resting heart rate.
B) increase in resting heart rate.

72) In a blood pressure reading of 119/78, which number would represent the pressure in the arteries during the time the ventricles are relaxed?

A) 119
B) 78
C) 1.52
D) 41

73) Four people work out daily and compare their heart fitness scores from their Fitbit device. Based on their resting bpm, which person has the healthiest respiratory system? The person with ______ bpm.

A) 98
B) 125
C) 80
D) 60

74) On average, a person with heart disease loses ______ years of their life.

A) 4
B) 16
C) 30
D) 10

75) Which two brain waves are associated with deep sleep that allow the brain to undergo maintenance and renewal?

A) alpha and beta
B) alpha and theta
C) theta and delta
D) beta and delta

76) If an adult consistently has less than 7 hours of sleep a night, they may experience

A) memory issues.
B) mood changes.
C) a lack of coordination.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

77) Delta waves are the strongest during deep sleep. These waves are important for brain health because they encourage the movement of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain to

A) remove metabolic waste around neurons.
B) generate new growth of neurons.
C) increase the movement of stimuli along the axon of the neurons.
D) regulate hormonal secretion of the hypothalamus.

78) In ______ sleep, the body resets it metabolism, and in ______ sleep, the body undergoes maintenance of body structures.

A) deep; light
B) light, deep

79) If a person increases their exercise by 150 minutes per week, they would expect to experience a(n)

A) increased amount of deep sleep time.
B) increased amount of light sleep time.
C) decrease in overall sleep time.

80) Which of the following drugs would cause a person to experience more time spent in light sleep and reduce deep sleep?

A) alcohol
B) diphenhydramine
C) melatonin
D) CBD oil

81) Which of the following is a stimulant and would cause a delay of drowsiness?

A) alcohol
B) caffeine
C) CBD oil
D) melatonin

82) Which anaerobic pathway is used by muscle fibers to quickly generate ATP by utilizing stored phosphates?

A) creatine phosphate pathway
B) fermentation pathway
C) cellular respiration

83) As a person exercises in a fat-burning routine, energy from glycogen and triglycerides ______, and energy from blood glucose and fatty acids ______.

A) decreases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) stays constant; increases
D) decreases; stays constant

84) Which of the following best explains the differences observed in aerobic and anaerobic pathways?

A) Cellular respiration is an aerobic pathway. It is much slower than the other pathways and produces the most ATP.
B) Cellular respiration is an aerobic pathway. It is much quicker than the other pathways and produces the most ATP.
C) Fermentation pathway is an anaerobic pathway that is slower than other pathways and produces the most ATP.
D) Creatine phosphate pathway is an anaerobic pathway that is slower than other pathways and produces the most ATP.

85) Different types of exercise affect the muscular system differently. Weight lifting promotes ______, while long-distance running promotes ______.

A) strength; stamina
B) stamina; strength
C) endurance; fatigue
D) strength; fatigue

86) Which of the following was not mentioned as future data collected by fitness trackers?

A) changes in blood pressure
B) how well cells are hydrated
C) the amount of blood glucose
D) the oxygen saturation in the extremities

87) Which of the following is not directly measured in an EKG?

A) cardiac beats per minute
B) damage to the heart from an ongoing heart attack
C) pulse
D) the strength exerted by the heart

88) Which of the following is dependent on hydration of the body?

A) weight management
B) amount of deep sleep
C) metabolic rate
D) All of these are dependent on water hydration.

89) In future fitness trackers, hydration of the body could be measured by

A) logging the amount of water consumed.
B) recording the amount of urine output of the body.
C) tracking the moisture coming from the skin.
D) using a Bluetooth tracking bottle.

90) Blood sugar monitoring would be beneficial for those who

A) have diabetes.
B) are at risk of a heart attack.
C) have had a stroke.
D) have hypertension (fluid accumulation in the body).

91) In the future, blood glucose levels may be monitored through fitness trackers by measuring

A) blood samples.
B) metabolites in the moisture of the skin.
C) via a Bluetooth patch that accesses the bloodstream.
D) sugars in the saliva.

92) Which of the following describes how advances in fitness tracker technology can assist in personal medicine?

A) People will be able to self-diagnose heart disease.
B) People will be able to treat themselves for diabetes.
C) People will be able to share their information with their physician.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

93) Which type of technology, that connects multiple devices, could be used by physicians to allow them to send and receive patient information quickly?

A) Internet of Things
B) Bluetooth
C) information technology
D) network technology

94) How will using Internet of Things to transmit data improve a person's overall health?

A) A physician could continuously monitor a patient's heart health.
B) A physician could have access to a patient's sleep pattern.
C) A physician could access real-time data that could fluctuate throughout the day.
D) A physician could have access to all information listed to provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

95) Which of the following information would be useful in computing algorithms for diagnosis and treatment?

A) patient's real-time data
B) data from other patients in the same age and sex category
C) patient's family history
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

96) What is the function of PurePulse, a smartwatch sensor function?

A) Determines the heart rate and cardio fitness by detecting blood flow
B) Determines the type and intensity of exercise by detecting movement
C) Detects the total distance traveled vertically during a workout

97) What is the function of SmartTracker, a smartwatch sensor function?

A) Determines the heart rate and cardio fitness by detecting blood flow
B) Determines the type and intensity of exercise by detecting movement
C) Detects the total distance traveled vertically during a workout

98) What is the function of Barometer, a smartwatch sensor function?

A) Determines the heart rate and cardio fitness by detecting blood flow
B) Determines the type and intensity of exercise by detecting movement
C) Detects the total distance traveled vertically during a workout

99) How many hours of sleep does the CDC recommend for teenagers?

A) 7 hours
B) 8-10 hours
C) 9-12 hours

100) How many hours of sleep does the CDC recommend for children?

A) 7 hours
B) 8-10 hours
C) 9-12 hours

101) How many hours of sleep does the CDC recommend for adults?

A) 7 hours
B) 8-10 hours
C) 9-12 hours

102) What is the function of muscular tissue in the human body?

A) Binds, attaches, and supports the parts of the body
B) Lines and covers the internal and external cavities of the body and forms glands
C) Allows for the movement of body parts
D) Receives and sends signals throughout the body

103) What is the function of connective tissue in the human body?

A) Binds, attaches, and supports the parts of the body
B) Lines and covers the internal and external cavities of the body and forms glands
C) Allows for the movement of body parts
D) Receives and sends signals throughout the body

104) What is the function of nervous tissue in the human body?

A) Binds, attaches, and supports the parts of the body
B) Lines and covers the internal and external cavities of the body and forms glands
C) Allows for the movement of body parts
D) Receives and sends signals throughout the body

105) What is the function of epithelial tissue in the human body?

A) Binds, attaches, and supports the parts of the body
B) Lines and covers the internal and external cavities of the body and forms glands
C) Allows for the movement of body parts
D) Receives and sends signals throughout the body

106) In what organ system would you find the spleen?

A) Urinary
B) Digestive
C) Immune
D) Endocrine

107) In what organ system would you find the kidneys?

A) Urinary
B) Digestive
C) Immune
D) Endocrine

108) In what organ system would you find the gallbladder?

A) Urinary
B) Digestive
C) Immune
D) Endocrine

109) In what organ system would you find the adrenal glands?

A) Urinary
B) Digestive
C) Immune
D) Endocrine

110) There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. What is the function of the arteries?

A) Muscular vessels that carry the blood under pressure to body tissues
B) Narrow, thin-walled vessels involved in gas, nutrients, and waste exchange
C) Vessels that return blood to the heart

111) There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. What is the function of the veins?

A) Muscular vessels that carry the blood under pressure to body tissues
B) Narrow, thin-walled vessels involved in gas, nutrients, and waste exchange
C) Vessels that return blood to the heart

112) There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system. What is the function of the capillaries?

A) Muscular vessels that carry the blood under pressure to body tissues
B) Narrow, thin-walled vessels involved in gas, nutrients, and waste exchange
C) Vessels that return blood to the heart

113) The trachea is a major structure in the respiratory system. What is it's function?

A) Filters and moistens air entering the body
B) Connects the larynx to the bronchi as a flow system of incoming air
C) Small sacs that promote gas exchange with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
D) Connects the nasal cavities to the larynx

114) The nasal cavity is a major structure in the respiratory system. What is it's function?

A) Filters and moistens air entering the body
B) Connects the larynx to the bronchi as a flow system of incoming air
C) Small sacs that promote gas exchange with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
D) Connects the nasal cavities to the larynx

115) The pharynx is a major structure in the respiratory system. What is it's function?

A) Filters and moistens air entering the body
B) Connects the larynx to the bronchi as a flow system of incoming air
C) Small sacs that promote gas exchange with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
D) Connects the nasal cavities to the larynx

116) The alveoli are a major structure in the respiratory system. What is it's function?

A) Filters and moistens air entering the body
B) Connects the larynx to the bronchi as a flow system of incoming air
C) Small sacs that promote gas exchange with the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
D) Connects the nasal cavities to the larynx

117) What is the endocrine function of the thyroid?

A) Controls the metabolic rate and calcium levels
B) Controls the actions of the pituitary gland
C) Regulated blood glucose levels
D) Production of T cells in the immune system

118) What is the endocrine function of the hypothalamus?

A) Controls the metabolic rate and calcium levels
B) Controls the actions of the pituitary gland
C) Regulated blood glucose levels
D) Production of T cells in the immune system

119) What is the endocrine function of the thymus?

A) Controls the metabolic rate and calcium levels
B) Controls the actions of the pituitary gland
C) Regulated blood glucose levels
D) Production of T cells in the immune system

120) What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

A) Controls the metabolic rate and calcium levels
B) Controls the actions of the pituitary gland
C) Regulated blood glucose levels
D) Production of T cells in the immune system

121) In a Fitbit, the heart rate sensor collects data in three basic forms. List the three forms.

122) There are four major fuel sources used to generate energy for muscle cells. Provide two of these fuel sources.

123) Provide the two types of information an EKG can provide to help a doctor diagnose any abnormalities.

124) The only type of health trackers on the market today are in a smartwatch device.

⊚ true
⊚ false

125) Water intake is tracked using the photoplethysmography sensor.

⊚ true
⊚ false

126) Regular exercise only impacts the muscular system of the body.

⊚ true
⊚ false

127) An organ is a collection of similiar types of cells that work together to support a function in the body.

⊚ true
⊚ false

128) A positive feedback system is used to maintain a stable internal body temperature.

⊚ true
⊚ false

129) The peripheral nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

⊚ true
⊚ false

130) The role of all joints is to provide movement to the body.

⊚ true
⊚ false

131) Heart disease is the number-one cause of death in the United States.

⊚ true
⊚ false

132) As the heart grows stronger, the flow of blood to the lungs increases, which allows the body to maintain a more consistent oxygen level to tissues.

⊚ true
⊚ false

133) Personalized medicine addresses a specific individual's needs based on real-time data that are generated while the body is functioning during everyday activities.

⊚ true
⊚ false