Ch4 Verified Test Bank Contemporary Classical And Deterrence - Essentials of Anatomy Physiology Nursing Practice Set by Pamela J. Schram. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank
Chapter 4: Contemporary Classical and Deterrence Research
Multiple Choice
1. ______ is an explanation of crime that assumes crime and victimization are highest in places where three factors come together in time and place: motivated offenders, suitable or attractive targets, and absence of a guardian.
a. Lifestyle theory
b. Deterrence theory
c. Neoclassical theory
d. Routine activities theory
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Routine Activities Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. ______ assumes that individuals are rational and weigh the potential benefits against the potential costs of engaging in a criminal act.
a. Rational choice theory
b. Traditional deterrence theory
c. Classical theory
d. Routine activities theory
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The three elements of routine activities theory are ______.
a. capable guardian, poverty, and gangs
b. attractive targets, absence of a guardian, and motivated offender
c. capable guardian, poverty, and businesses
d. little kids, absence of a guardian, and motivated offender
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Three Elements of Routine Activities Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. All of the following are considered formal controls or sanctions EXCEPT ______.
a. community acceptance
b. courts
c. jail or prison
d. law enforcement
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Studies have shown that informal sanctions provided the most deterrent effects for individuals considering crime and led to the creation of ______ theory.
a. routine activities
b. lifestyle
c. rational choice
d. deterrence
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. ______ are a collection of studies, generally on a particular topic. These types of studies were popular in the late 1960s to test the deterrence model.
a. Longitudinal studies
b. Aggregate studies
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Scenario studies
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Identification of the experiential effect was the primary contribution of ______ studies of deterrence.
a. longitudinal
b. aggregate
c. cross-sectional
d. scenario
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Deterrence research has shifted away from aggregate level units of analysis and toward ______ level.
a. family
b. national
c. group
d. individual
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. When research is conducted or data collected at one point in time, it is termed ______.
a. longitudinal studies
b. aggregate studies
c. cross-sectional studies
d. scenario studies
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Cross-sectional studies usually involve data collection in ______ format.
a. survey
b. observational
c. secondary data
d. group
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Cross-sectional studies have found that the ______ of punishment was strongly associated with intentions to commit future crimes.
a. certainty
b. severity
c. celerity
d. conformity
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Peers have a profound impact on individual perceptions of the pros and cons of offending. When one sees one’s friends getting away with crimes, the perceived risk of punishment ______.
a. is increased
b. is decreased
c. remains stagnant
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Your textbook discusses the ______ study, which applied routine activities theory.
a. Oregon Hot Spots
b. Colorado Hot Spots
c. Nebraska Hot Spots
d. Minneapolis Hot Spots
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Minneapolis Hot Spots Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. According to the Minneapolis, Minnesota, study, of the top 10 locations police were called, half were ______.
a. bars or places alcohol was served
b. malls
c. vacant house
d. bus depots
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Minneapolis Hot Spots Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Global positioning systems (GPS) have been used by authorities to predict all of the following EXCEPT ______.
a. areas with low fear of crime
b. where chronic offenders will strike next
c. serial killer locations
d. areas needing increased police presence
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Crime Mapping and Geographic Profiling
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Which one of the following groups of people are the least likely to be victimized?
a. young males
b. individuals in their teens through 20s
c. elderly
d. individuals with “deviant lifestyles”
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Lifestyles Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Many researchers content that lifestyle theory is merely an extension of ______, offering no new revelations for why some individuals are victimized more than others.
a. routine activities theory
b. rational choice theory
c. deterrence theory
d. lifestyle theory
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Lifestyles Perspective
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Aggregate studies have shown evidence that an increased certainty of punishment was associated with ______ crime for most serious offenses.
a. more
b. no change in
c. less
d. white collar
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. This type of research asks individuals to estimate their immediate intent to commit a criminal act in a given situation and their immediate perceptions of certainty and severity of punishment.
a. longitudinal studies
b. aggregate studies
c. cross-sectional studies
d. scenario studies
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Robert Martinson’s review of ______ concluded that “nothing works” because offending was not reduced.
a. corrections
b. courts
c. rehabilitative programs
d. criminal justice systems
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rebirth of Deterrence Theory and Contemporary Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Which theory is NOT influenced by Beccaria’s emphasis on free will and choice?
a. routine activities theory
b. rational choice theory
c. lifestyles perspective
d. trait theory
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Which statement most closely conforms with the lifestyles perspective?
a. Crime can happen anywhere at any time; no matter what a person does, there is no avoiding it.
b. People who choose to drink to excess at a bar every night are asking to be mugged.
c. Some people are just born to be criminals and some are just born to be victims.
d. A person’s upbringing can have a strong influence on whether or not they become successful later in life.
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Lifestyles Perspective
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Crime mapping and geographical profiling is an application of which theory?
a. lifestyles perspective
b. routine activities theory
c. rational choice theory
d. trait theory
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Crime Mapping and Geographic Profiling
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Which theory matches the statement, “Eliminating visible signs of crime helps reduce crime”?
a. rational choice theory
b. lifestyles perspective
c. broken windows perspective
d. neoclassical perspective
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Policy Implications
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. One study from California suggested that “three strikes” laws reduced crime, but studies conducted elsewhere showed that they ______.
a. either had no effect on crime or actually increased it
b. only reduced crime during the summer months
c. only reduced juvenile crime
d. always increased violent crimes
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Policy Implications
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. Longitudinal research done in the 1980s and 1990s indicated that behavior was influencing perceptions of the risk and severity of punishment more than perceptions were influencing behavior. This was due to the ______.
a. rational choice theory
b. experiential effect
c. aggregate effect
d. extraneous effect
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Studies have consistently shown that official deterrence is highly ineffective against criminal acts that involve immediate payoff for ______.
a. elderly females
b. middle-aged males
c. young males
d. young females
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Research indicates that chronic offenders are the least likely to be deterred by the threatened punishments of our society because they ______.
a. aren’t aware of any official punishments
b. have a high exoneration rate
c. have a subconscious desire to be caught
d. have so little to lose
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. What do we call studies that involve providing participants with specific hypothetical scenarios and then asking them what they would do in each situation?
a. scenario research
b. longitudinal studies
c. aggregate studies
d. cross-sectional studies
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. Studies have shown a/an ______ correlation between what one reports doing in a given scenario and what one would do in real life.
a. low
b. high
c. non-existent
d. converse
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Which group is most likely to avoid crime due to informal deterrence?
a. Caucasians
b. African-Americans
c. females
d. males
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. The most significant work that brought rational choice theory into the mainstream of criminological research was The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending written by ______.
a. Cornish and Clarke
b. Gottfredson and Hirschi
c. Sampson and Laub
d. Cohen and Felson
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. Jack Katz’ Seductions of Crime emphasized the ______ committing crime for the first time, mostly the inherent physiological pleasure of committing crime.
a. negative effects
b. benefits of
c. psychosis of
d. financial losses of
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. What is a “motivated offender”, according to the routine activities theory?
a. someone who is likely to commit a crime, statistically speaking
b. a criminal who scores high on tests that measure ambition
c. a criminal who is highly educated
d. an offender who has a history of financial success
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Motivated Offender(s)
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. Which group below is least likely to be deemed a “suitable target” according to the routine activities theory?
a. a bar that serves alcohol
b. a vacant home (owners are on vacation)
c. a woman riding on a crowded train during rush hour
d. an unlocked car
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Suitable Targets
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Examples of guardianship in the context of routine activities theory include: police officers, security guards, household dogs, alarms, and ______.
a. increased lighting
b. gang members
c. a crowded subway
d. a strip mall
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Lack of Guardianship
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Many cities applied the broken windows perspective from the late 1990s to the mid-2000s and cracked down on minor offenses to reduce major crime. The result was ______.
a. crime actually increased in these cities
b. crime decreased in only these cities and rose elsewhere
c. crime decreased in these cities and elsewhere equally
d. crime stayed the same in these cities
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Policy Implications
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Three-strikes policies are severe, but they ______.
a. always reduce crime
b. are not always swift or certain
c. never have any effect on crime
d. always increase crime
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Policy Implications
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. A teenager who is forced to wear a sign that says “Smoked pot, got caught! Don’t I look cool? NOT!” is participating in a shaming strategy and is being influenced by a/an ______.
a. informal form of deterrence
b. formal form of deterrence
c. motivated offender
d. suitable target
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Although the Classical/Neoclassical model fell out of favor in terms of criminological theorizing for about 100 years, it experienced a rebirth in ______.
a. the 1910s and 1920s
b. the 1920s and 1930s
c. the 1940s and 1950s
d. the 1960s and 1970s
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rebirth of Deterrence Theory and Contemporary Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Beccarian model of offending experienced a rebirth largely due to scientific reviews showing that the rehabilitation programs popular during the 1960s had virtually no impact in reducing recidivism among offenders, especially chronic offenders.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rebirth of Deterrence Theory and Contemporary Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Aggregate studies are a collection of studies, generally on a particular topic.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Aggregate studies conducted in the 1960s showed evidence that increased risk or certainty of punishment was not associated with less crime for most serious offenses.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Studies that collect data primarily from one point in time are known as cross-sectional studies.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Longitudinal research studies found behavior was influencing perceptions of the risk and severity of punishment more than perceptions were influencing behavior.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The experiential effect is the extent to which previous experience affects individuals’ perceptions of how severe criminal punishment will be when deciding whether or not to offend again.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Vignettes are short interviews.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. An example of informal deterrent effects would be the involvement of law enforcement, courts, and corrections.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. People who fear punishment cannot be effectively deterred.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Informal sanctions and controls matter the most to the majority of society, as compared with other sanctions.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Most offenders who are arrested are arrested again throughout their lifetime.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The physiological pleasures of committing crime were emphasized for the first time in Jack Katz’s 1988 publication Seductions of Crime.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Males are more influenced by shame and moral beliefs when deciding to commit offenses as compared with females.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Global positioning systems (GPS) used by police departments have been used to catch serial killers in the past.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Crime Mapping and Geographic Profiling
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. According to studies, most people who have never driven drunk have an unrealistically high likelihood of arrest.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Run down motels and strip malls are examples of “hot spots”.
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Minneapolis Hot Spots Study
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. The aggregate studies of the 1960s resulted in a complete rejection of Beccaria’s ideas.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Cross-sectional studies focus on individual perceptions of certainty and severity of sanctions.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. The modern classical school theories are highly consistent with the conservative “get tough” movement that started in the mid-1970s.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Vignettes are short, descriptive sketches used in scenario studies.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. Scenario research relies on individual perceptions across long stretches of time.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. A person’s fear of being assaulted in prison is a formal deterrent.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Rational choice theory assumes that individuals are in control of their impulses.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Rational Choice Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. No correlation exists between excessive alcohol consumption and committing crime.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Routine Activities Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Most experts agree that the risk of getting caught driving drunk is very high.
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Aggregate studies revealed a new interest in deterrence and supported the importance of what two Beccarian ideas?
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Why do individuals who have been arrested for driving drunk predict the future chances of being caught as low?
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Develop a vignette for use in a scenario research project. How would this vignette help determine individual perceptions of certainty and severity of punishment?
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Scenario/Vignette Studies
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. What is the experiential effect? Give an example. Can this effect be combated or changed, and if so, how?
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What is a hot spot? How do police departments use GPS (global positioning systems) software in relation to hot spots, and what can it help to predict? How can police departments use this information to serve the public better?
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Minneapolis Hot Spots Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. What is one of the major issues concerning deterrence theory?
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Provide examples of informal and formal social control.
Learning Objective: 4.2: Name the components of rational choice theory that were not included or emphasized by traditional Classical/deterrence theory in explaining criminal behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formal Versus Informal Deterrence
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Give two (2) examples of a hot spot.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Minneapolis Hot Spots Study
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Explain lifestyles theory.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Lifestyles Perspective
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Create a policy implication that can be derived from the theories and scientific findings of this chapter.
Learning Objective: 4.4: Provide examples of modern-day applications and policies that most apply Beccaria’s principles and the Classical/Neoclassical school.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Policy Implications
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. How can increased lighting be considered a form of guardianship?
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Lack of Guardianship
Difficulty Level: Hard
12. Why are establishments that serve alcohol, such as a bar, a typical target for motivated offenders?
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Lack of Guardianship
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. How is certainty of punishment typically measured in studies (name one of the two)?
Learning Objective: 4.1: Explain why modern deterrence research underwent a rebirth, and identify the four waves of modern deterrence research.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Aggregate Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. According to routine activities theory, crime and victimization are highest in places where what three (3) factors come together? Explain each factor and give an example of a crime where all three (3) factors are present.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Routine Activities Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
15. Create a scenario of a crime that was committed that would be supported under routine activities theory.
Learning Objective: 4.3: List the three key elements of routine activities theory.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Routine Activities Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
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Essentials of Anatomy Physiology Nursing Practice Set
By Pamela J. Schram
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