Ch.4 | Full Test Bank – Anxiety And Obsessive-Compulsive And

Chapter 4: Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Anxiety symptoms turn into an anxiety disorder when they ____.

2. Which anticipatory human emotion produces bodily reactions that prepare us for fight or flight in the face of danger?

3. Holly describes herself this way: “I am always tense and worried. Sometimes I get so frightened, I feel like I'll die. I am terribly embarrassed by my behavior, but I can't control it. It is often so bad that it interferes with my work.” Holly is probably suffering from what a(n) ____ disorder.

4. Fear circuitry in the brain and genetic influences are the two main ____ factors affecting anxiety disorders.

5. Marilyn is undergoing a series of neuroimaging techniques to shed light on her anxiety disorder. The tests will likely be used to determine ____.

6. Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

7. Anxiety disorders ____.

8. Collette is in a crowded room and starts to feel as if she cannot breathe. Her heart rate is increasing, and she thinks she is going to have a heart attack. This has happened before when she is in similar situations. Collette is experiencing ____.

9. Alma has recurrent terrifying episodes that last about twenty minutes. Her heart beats so fast that she thinks she is having a She has feared having another episode over the past two months. What is the most likely diagnosis?

10. Which childhood experience increases the likelihood of developing panic disorder?

11. The public health director of an urban area in the Southwestern U.S. has just presided over the opening of a new clinic that provide services for clients with panic disorder. She knows from the research that the clinic will probably serve ____.

12. Professor Lutz is conducting twin studies of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). He is most likely to find ____ for GAD.

13. John describes himself as feeling tense, nervous, and on edge. He is restless and has problems sleeping He often experiences restlessness and muscle tension. He says that he seems to worry about everything, including finances, whether his family is eating a proper diet, his job performance, and whether people like him. What diagnosis would John most likely be given?

14. Laurel has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. To meet the criteria for making this diagnosis, she must have ____.

15. Dr. Nakamura thinks that his client might be suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Which fact would rule out that diagnosis (make it impossible)?

16. The biological indicator for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) suggests ____.

17. Anxiety disorders often have comorbid disorders. One of the most likely is ____.

18. Dr. Mahoney is a cognitive-behavioral therapist. When treating a client with panic disorder, she is most likely to focus on the client’s ____.

19. Which explanation for panic disorder would most likely be offered by a cognitive-behavioral theorist?

20. According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, panic attacks are due to a feedback loop involving ____.

21. According to the model developed by Wells (2005), the roots of generalized anxiety disorder lie in ____.

22. Which area of the brain alerts the other brain structures when a threat is present?

23. Current research on the influence of genes on anxiety disorders suggests that ____.

24. Research by Fox (2005) suggests that which child would be most likely to display behavioral inhibition (i.e., shyness)?

25. What role does inheritance play in the development of anxiety disorders?

26. Which anxiety disorder is equally common in both men and women?

27. Which of the following is a cultural factor that contributes to anxiety disorders?

28. A strong, persistent, and unwarranted fear of some specific object or situation is referred to as ____.

29. Tiffany is typical of many children who suffer from phobias. Karen is typical of adults with phobias. How aware would each of them be that their fears are excessive?

30. Dr. Fried believes that it is easier for humans to learn fears for which we are physiologically predisposed, such as fear of heights or snakes. She accepts which view of the development of fear reactions?

31. What is the first step in treating anxiety disorders?

32. Which treatment focuses on muscle relaxation to reduce the anxiety associated with phobias?

33. Which approach appears to be the most effective long-term treatment for GAD?

34. What are the three subcategories of phobias?

35. Which type of disorder is most common in the United States?

36. Larry is so afraid of being alone in public places that he cannot bring himself to leave his house. The mere thought of leaving produces overwhelming panic. Larry probably suffers from ____.

37. Gina has been diagnosed with agoraphobia. If we ask her how the symptoms of the disorder started, we can expect she will say that ____.

38. Shane is ready to break up with Kayla. He is extremely frustrated with her and does not know what to do. One of his favorite activities is to eat out and try new restaurants. Kayla, however, hates eating in restaurants. She has told Shane that she loses her appetite at the mere thought of having to eat out. When he pushed her for an explanation, Kayla explained that she is afraid that she might spill something on herself or do something equally foolish in front of other people. Even though she knows how frustrated Shane is with her, Kayla cannot bring herself to act any differently. What diagnosis would be most appropriate for Kayla's fears?

39. Patrick is an orchestra conductor, but he is terrified of conducting in public venues and speaking to the audience between pieces. He is perfectly comfortable during rehearsal sessions, but sometimes has to cancel concerts because of these fears. According to the DSM-5, Patrick probably has ____.

40. Who is at highest risk for developing social phobia?

41. Momoko is Japanese. Because she suffers from Taijin Kyofusho, we would expect her to fear ____.

42. A pediatrician is interested in phobias that typically begin in childhood. One phobia that he might study is ____.

43. Tamisha is so afraid of heights that she cannot enter buildings with more than two floors. Her cognitive-behavioral therapist would probably diagnose her with ____ and explain the problem in terms of ____.

44. The case of Little Albert is used by behaviorists to explain ____.

45. Tina is afraid of dogs. She has never had a bad experience with dogs, but her father was injured by a dog when he was a young boy. Tina’s father goes to great lengths to avoid contact with dogs. What behavioral theory best explains Tina’s fear of dogs?

46. In a research study, cancer patients, prior to undergoing chemotherapy, are given a drink in a container with a bright orange lid. After pairing the drink with chemotherapy, the patients experience distress and nausea when presented with the container. This study supports what theory of phobias?

47. Dr. Baldwin is explaining a cognitive model for the development of panic disorder. She describes a connection between cognitions and somatic symptoms that begin with physical changes that create catastrophic thoughts, which result in fear and more physiological changes. She is describing the beginning steps of the ____.

48. Research indicates genetic, psychological, social, and sociocultural components in the development of phobias. This statement suggests that ____.

49. Dr. Vannucci says, “Some individuals have high social anxiety and interpret others' actions more negatively than other individuals; they overestimate the chances of unpleasant things happening generally. This is the background for developing a phobia.” Dr. Vannucci probably supports which perspective on phobias?

50. The fact that some people fear using public restrooms and eating in public places diminishes the capacity for which explanation to account for all phobias?

51. Which phobia is easiest to eliminate?

52. What is a major drawback when using benzodiazepines to treat phobias?

53. Julie suffers from agoraphobia. Her therapist urges her to take longer and longer walks outside the home with the therapist. What kind of therapy is Julie receiving?

54. Ahmad has a specific phobia about elevators. His therapist teaches him how to relax and then has him relax when he is in a building with elevators. Next, he practices being relaxed when pushing an elevator button and finally, when taking an elevator ride. What kind of therapy is Ahmad experiencing?

55. Dr. Duran is a cognitive-behavioral therapist. When treating patients with anxiety disorders, he is most likely to focus on ____.

56. Sue screams for her husband every time she sees a spider or a spider web. Even if the spider is dead, she starts to shake in terror. She often calls her husband and begs him to deal with the spider immediately. Sue finally agrees to see a therapist. Over several sessions, she views videos of people picking up spiders, then watches her therapist pick up a plastic spider in the office, and then a real spider. Finally, Sue is able to pick up a spider herself and place it outside. The therapy described is known as ____.

57. Melissa's therapist encourages her to interpret her emotional and physical tension as “normal anxiety” and to redirect her attention from herself to others in social situations. The therapist is using which behavioral treatment?

58. Sam has persistent and distressing thoughts of germs; he cannot eat without washing his hands three times before and three times after every meal. Although his hands are raw from the washings, he is overwhelmed with anxiety if he doesn't wash using this method. Sam's problems illustrate ____.

59. Jack has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He has persistent thoughts that are upsetting and engages in ritualistic actions to reduce anxiety. He feels that he has control over his thoughts and actions, but chooses not to stop them. Jack's case is unusual is that OCD patients usually ____.

60. Barbara was told by her psychiatrist that she is being treated with the “medication of choice” for her generalized anxiety disorder. She is not sure what drug she is taking, but she knows it works. This drug is likely to be ____.

61. For days after visiting Disneyland, the words and tune for "It's a Small World" keep invading Jessica's thoughts. She cannot get them out of her head. Jessica's experience is similar to the ____.

62. As Sheldon learns about obsessive-compulsive disorder, he is likely to learn that it ____.

63. Angel is worried that her intrusive, unacceptable thoughts are signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Research suggests that ____.

64. GAD is most likely to occur among which group?

65. Which statement is a cognitive characteristic of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

66. Cognitive-behaviorists propose obsessive-compulsives repeat behaviors in order to ____.

67. Cheryl spends four hours every day in the shower, scrubbing her skin raw with a loofa brush for fear that she is contaminated with urine or feces. She sees a cognitive-behavioral therapist for treatment. The cognitive-behavioral therapist is most likely to write which note about Cheryl's case?

68. What is a symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

69. When explaining the cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a psychologist who supports a cognitive-behavioral approach would be likely to make which statement?

70. Before Hannah can leave the house, she must turn all four gas burners on her stove on and off 24 times, each in sequence. She performs this ritual because she does not trust her memory and fears she can't be sure the burners are actually off without doing this. Hannah is demonstrating which cognitive characteristic of OCD?

71. Wanda is obsessed with thinking about washing her hands and cannot stop these intrusive thoughts. This demonstrates which cognitive characteristic of OCD?

72. V.J. suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. According to the biological perspective, he is likely to show ____.

73. Drugs that most successfully treat obsessive-compulsive disorder raise the level of which neurotransmitter in the brain?

74. Judy is in therapy for her compulsive hand washing. Her therapist conjures up several images of filthy clothes and digging in dirt. Judy gets the feeling of being “contaminated” but is not allowed to resort to the usual ritual of hand washing. This therapy is called ____.

75. Aisha is plagued with obsessions about locking her door so that someone does not break in and kill her. What cognitive characteristic is she demonstrating?

76. Which individual has the highest risk for developing OCD?

77. When her boyfriend asks her about today's therapy session, Jamie responds, “It wasn't very fun. My therapist had me sit right next to her trash can, which was brimming full of garbage and half-eaten food. I could almost see the germs jumping right out at me. Now she wants me to touch something I think is contaminated at least once a day every day this week.” Jamie has probably been diagnosed with ____ and is being treated using ____.

78. Sharlisa suffers from OCD. What is the first step her therapist will take with her when using exposure therapy with response prevention?

79. Dr. Stanley is a behavioral therapist. We would therefore expect that he attributes the maintenance of anxious behaviors to ____.

80. David has been diagnosed with OCD. It is likely that David ____.

81. Dr. Chan successfully treats his clients for obsessive compulsive disorders. For many of his clients, he is likely to prescribe which medication?

82. When Annette drives on the freeway around Los Angeles, she often experiences so much anxiety that she begins to hyperventilate and shake. Annette is experiencing ____.

83. What do neuroimaging techniques show when comparing the effects of medication on anxiety with the effects of psychotherapy?

84. Which neurotransmitter appears to have the greatest influence on mood and anxiety disorders?

85. Research with young monkeys demonstrates that ____ can reduce vulnerability to developing anxiety disorders.

86. One reason argued by Nolen-Hoeksema (2004) that women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with an emotional disorder is due to their____.

87. Xenophobia is the fear of ____.

88. Eduardo is rushed to the emergency room with symptoms of chest pains, breathlessness, sweating, choking, nausea, and heart palpitations. He believes that he is having a heart attack. After a thorough examination, he is told that physically, he is fine, but that he may be suffering from ____.

89. For both medication and cognitive behavioral therapies, a critical factor for successful treatment of panic disorder is ____.

90. Which biochemical substance can produce or exacerbate anxiety?

a. Serotonin

b. GABA

c. Progesterone

d. Estrogen

1. Phobic disorders are frequently grouped into three different categories. List these three categories (categories, not individual phobias such as “fear of heights”), and provide a description of the characteristics associated with each. Discuss briefly behavioral theories that explain how phobic disorders may be acquired.

2. Compare and contrast the conditioning, observational learning, and cognitive theories of the development of phobias.

3. Contrast the medical and cognitive forms of therapy for panic disorder, being sure to address the issue of internal factors and self-efficacy. Which treatments are most effective in the long run?