Ch34 Exam Prep The Immune System

Chapter 34

The Immune System

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A substance that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing a disease is termed a(n)
2. antibiotic.
3. sulfa drug.
4. analgesic.
5. vaccine.
6. injection.
7. A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
8. antibody.
9. antigen.
10. substrate.
11. phagocyte.
12. complement protein.
13. Which of the following can be a target of an autoimmune disease but is not considered to be part of the immune system?
14. thymus
15. bone marrow
16. spleen
17. pancreas
18. lymph node
19. White blood cells are produced
20. by mitotic division of other white blood cells.
21. from platelets.
22. from chondrocytes.
23. from bone marrow stem cells.
24. from plasma proteins.
25. A phagocyte is a cell that
26. engulfs other cells and debris.
27. primarily is used to produce antibodies.
28. produces white blood cells.
29. produces platelets.
30. transports oxygen to tissues.
31. B cells and T cells are
32. basophils.
33. monocytes.
34. lymphocytes.
35. eosinophils.
36. neutrophils.
37. If you were asked to genetically modify cows to increase their production of macrophages, you would want to increase the production of
38. lymphocytes.
39. basophils.
40. eosinophils.
41. monocytes.
42. neutrophils.

8. Which of the following exhibit phagocytic activity?

1. lymphocytes
2. macrophages
3. neutrophils
4. lymphocytes and macrophages
5. macrophages and neutrophils
6. Which of the following is part of the adaptive, rather than the innate, immune response?
7. cilia that sweep bacteria out of the respiratory tract
8. the process of inflammation
9. antibody production
10. fever production
11. the complement protein production

10. Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

1. the acidity of the stomach.
2. tear fluid from the eye.
3. an unpunctured skin.
4. mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract.
5. All of the answer choices are correct.

11. When activated, trigger(s) a chain reaction that puncture(s) bacterial cell membranes.

1. histamine
2. interleukin
3. ADH

D. complement proteins

E. epinephrine

12. Cytokines released by white blood cells that activate T cells and B cells, provoke an inflammatory response, and induce fever are called

1. histamines.
2. complement proteins.
3. interleukins.
4. interferons.
5. epinephrines.

13. A cell that does not circulate in blood, but instead settles in tissues near the skin and in the digestive tract, producing and releasing histamine when tissue is damaged is a(n)

1. basophil.
2. mast cell.
3. osteocyte.
4. macrophage.
5. T cell.

14. How does fever help fight infection as part of the innate defense?

1. Fever inactivates (kills) some viruses.
2. Fever speeds up the rate of phagocytosis.
3. Fever reduces the iron level in the blood, thereby retarding the growth of some bacteria.
4. Fever kills some bacteria.
5. All of the answer choices are correct.

True / False Questions

15. Fever is part of humoral immunity since the temperature of the body is controlled from the bone marrow.

True False

16. A doctor who attempts to induce a fever in a patient might be trying to help fight a pathogen or a cancer.

True False

17. Administering antivenom is a form of active immunity.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

18. A Y-shaped protein that proliferates in response to a specific antigen and recognizes these antigens is a(n)

1. interferon.
2. antibody.
3. complement.
4. phagocyte.
5. B cell.

19. The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

1. basophils.
2. helper T cells.
3. mast cells.
4. cytotoxic T cells.
5. B cells.

20. The cell that participates in both the innate and adaptive defense by presenting antigens to activate helper T cells is the

1. B cell.
2. T cell.
3. macrophage.
4. plasma cell.
5. chondrocyte.

21. Which involves adaptive cell-mediated immunity?

1. a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact
2. a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
3. antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen
4. a neutrophil killing a bacteria by direct cell-to-cell contact, and a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell
5. a cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected cell, and antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen

22. In humoral immunity, cells that are produced by activated B cells and function by secreting antibodies are called

1. cytotoxic T cells.
2. helper T cells.
3. plasma cells.
4. macrophages.
5. memory cells.

23. If asked to sort cards of immune responses into boxes marked "active immunity" and "passive immunity," which of the following cards would go into the "passive immunity" box?

1. antibodies produced from a vaccine, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
2. a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
3. a person receiving an injection of antibodies
4. a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta
5. antibodies produced from a vaccine

24. Which is an example of active immunity?

1. antibodies produced from a vaccine, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
2. a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta, or a person receiving an injection of antibodies
3. a person receiving an injection of antibodies
4. a fetus acquiring antibodies through the placenta
5. antibodies produced from a vaccine
6. The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the
7. hinge region.
8. variable region.
9. constant region.
10. base of the antibody molecule.
11. heavy chain only.
12. In a process called , an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from stimulated B cells.
13. conjugation
14. meiotic regeneration
15. recombination
16. clonal selection
17. genetic shuffling
18. Immunological memory results from the production of
19. memory B cells and memory cytotoxic T cells.
20. mast cells and memory B cells.
21. memory mast cells.
22. memory B cells.
23. memory cytotoxic T cells.
24. If you were describing to a class of nursing students how the polio vaccine, which contains inactivated virus, works
25. introduce antibodies into a person.
26. create immunological memory without causing disease.
27. introduce synthetic drugs, like sulfa drugs, into a person.
28. give a person a mild disease.
29. stimulate the production of blood platelets.
30. Antigens found in food, dust mites, pollen, fur, and some oils in plants that elicit an immune attack are called
31. pathogens.
32. antibodies.
33. histamines.
34. allergens.
35. cytokines.

30. HIV-positive people track their progression of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

1. blood platelets.
2. B cells.
3. helper T cells.
4. cytotoxic T cells.
5. plasma cells.

31. An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)

1. autoimmune disease.
2. primary immune response.
3. secondary immune response.
4. allergy.
5. innate defense stimulator.
6. Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?
7. T cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
8. B cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
9. Macrophages move to lymph nodes after engulfing pathogens.
10. Cytotoxic T cells attack pathogens in the lymph nodes, triggering inflammation.
11. Vasodilation increases blood flow in the lymph nodes.
12. Which of the following organs contains large amounts of lymphocytes and macrophages?
13. pancreas
14. spleen
15. tonsils
16. appendix
17. small intestines
18. Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus. Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?
19. Our bodies develop resistance to the vaccine and it becomes less effective.
20. The virus develops resistance to the vaccine.
21. The virus can mutate into new strains.
22. People change their habits each year and become susceptible to different strains of the virus.
23. The common influenza virus can come from many species of animals including cats and dogs.

True / False Questions

1. A vaccine could be prepared against a virus by allowing a patient to breathe viral coat proteins. This primary response would allow for a later, strong secondary immune

response to the virus.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus. How is your body able to raise antibodies against so many new forms of the flu virus?
2. Each B cell can make antibodies against all antigens.
3. The vaccine contains the antibodies against the strains of flu virus so your body does not need to make them.
4. Viruses are destroyed by the passive immune system.
5. Clonal deletion of B and T cells ends recognition of the virus.

E. Recombination of the gene used to make antibodies leads to variability.

1. If you transfuse type AB blood into a patient with type A blood, the patient will raise antibodies against the B antigen on the donor's blood, but will not raise antibodies against the A antigen. Why not?
2. B and T cells that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by clonal deletion.
3. Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the spleen.
4. Antibodies that recognize the A antigen will have been removed by the bone marrow.
5. Macrophages will not present the A antigen to T cells.

E. Recombination of the gene for antibodies cannot produce self-reactive clones.

1. Rh incompatibility is due to an immune reaction in a pregnant woman to which of the following?

A. a self-antigen on red blood cells

1. a foreign antibody on red blood cells
2. a foreign antigen on red blood cells

D. a self-antibody on red blood cells

E. None of the answer choices is correct.

True / False Questions

1. A baby receiving antibodies in breast milk from its mother is an example of passive immunity.

True False

1. Innate immune responses involve antibodies.

True False

1. A person is having an immune response to their flu vaccine by producing antibodies and memory cells. This is an example of passive immunity.

True False

1. A transfusion can provide passive immunity.

True False

1. If an Rh- woman has two babies who are Rh+, her immune response to the second baby would be an example of a secondary immune response.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

44. What is the hygiene hypothesis?

1. People who have more exposure to infectious agents will have an overactive immune system.
2. People who have less exposure to infectious agents will have an overactive immune system.
3. People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have a weaker immune system.
4. People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have more infections.
5. People who have better hygiene and are cleaner will have fewer infections.

True / False Questions

45. T cells direct humoral immunity while B cells govern cell-mediated immune reactions.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the dependent variable in this figure?
2. number of children
3. if children were infected with flatworms
4. amount of interleukin-10 produced
5. number of white blood cells in the children's blood
6. amount of antibodies in the children's blood
7. What is the independent variable in this figure?
8. number of children with allergies to dust mites
9. amount of interleukin-10 produced
10. number of white blood cells in the children's blood
11. amount of antibodies in the children's blood
12. if children were infected with flatworms
13. If a child was allergic to a substance scratched onto their skin, the area would turn red and swollen within about 10 minutes. Which of the following would cause these symptoms?
14. release of interleukin-10
15. recruitment of B cells
16. release of histamine
17. presence of flatworms
18. presence of dust mites
19. How did researchers test if flatworms could moderate the immune system?
20. exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
21. exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring interleukin-10 concentrations
22. exposing white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
23. exposing white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measuring histamine concentrations
24. infecting children with flatworms and looking at their number of white blood cells

True / False Questions

1. Lymph nodes have a crucial role in immunity.

True False

1. Adaptive immune defenses provide a rapid, broad defense against any infectious agent.

True False

1. A fever has no defense function, but only acts as a sign that an infection is present in the body.

True False

1. Lymphatic capillaries help to recycle the contents of blood plasma, thus helping maintain homeostasis in the circulatory system.

True False

54. The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

True False

55. Secondary immune responses, to diseases, depend on and follow primary immune responses.

True False