Ch33 Complete Test Bank Regulation Of Temperature And Body

Chapter 33

Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A mammal is and has a body temperature .
2. ectothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature

B. endothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature

1. ectothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
2. endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism

E. None of the answer choices is correct.

1. Homeostasis is defined as the ability of an organism to
2. anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water.
3. carry out chemical reactions.
4. sexually mature.
5. withstand extreme temperatures.
6. maintain a stable internal environment.
7. An organism that has behavioral strategies to manage the gain of heat from and the loss of heat to the environment, but lacks a physiological temperature-regulating

mechanism, is termed a(n)

1. homotherm.
2. endotherm.
3. positherm.
4. ectotherm.
5. thermophile.
6. You are examining an ecosystem and notice a large bird. When you measure its temperature, you find it to be constant in sun or shade, wind or still air. This indicates the bird

is a(n)

1. homotherm.
2. ectotherm.
3. endotherm.
4. positherm.
5. thermophile.
6. The control of an organism's body temperature is
7. osmoregulation.
8. photoregulation.
9. chemoregulation.
10. thermoregulation.
11. aeroregulation.
12. In animals, which of the following help retain body heat?
13. fur, fat, and feathers
14. fur, fat, and skin
15. fur, feathers, and skin
16. fur, fat, and scales
17. fur, scales, and skin
18. Which part of the human brain controls thermoregulation?
19. the cerebrum
20. the cerebellum
21. the hypothalamus
22. the pons
23. the medulla oblongata

8. The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed

1. thermoregulation.
2. mechanoregulation.
3. chemoregulation.
4. hemoregulation.
5. osmoregulation.

9. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is

1. facilitated diffusion.
2. active transport.
3. simple diffusion.
4. osmosis.
5. phagocytosis.
6. The simplest nitrogenous waste product of protein breakdown is
7. urea.
8. ammonia.
9. uric acid.
10. nucleic acid.
11. allatonin.
12. Aquatic invertebrates excrete , a very toxic waste product, directly into the water.
13. urea
14. nucleotides
15. uric acid
16. ammonia
17. allatonin

True / False Questions

1. Freshwater fish lose water by osmosis.

True False

1. Saltwater fish lose water by osmosis.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

14. Which of the following forms of nitrogenous waste is excreted by mammals?

1. ammonia
2. urea
3. nucleotides
4. uric acid
5. allatonin

15. You are analyzing bird excrement, the product of excretion, in the biology lab. You expect the test to show an abundance of

1. ammonia.
2. urea.
3. nucleotides.
4. uric acid.
5. allatonin.
6. The major excretory organ(s) of the human urinary system is/are the
7. gallbladder.
8. pancreas.
9. liver.
10. adrenal gland.
11. kidneys.
12. In humans, the muscular tube into which urine from the kidney first drains is the
13. urethra.
14. uvula.
15. ureter.
16. urinary bladder.
17. nephron.
18. If you were working with a patient and were told urine was blocked at the last step before exiting the body, you would try to find a technique or drug to unblock the
19. uvula.
20. renal vein.
21. nephron.
22. urethra.
23. ureter.
24. A person with a defect in blood flow to the kidney would have a problem with the artery.
25. brachial
26. radial
27. hepatic
28. renal
29. carotid
30. The functional units of the kidneys are the
31. neurons.
32. glomerulus.
33. nephrons.
34. collecting ducts.
35. ureters.
36. The outer main section of the kidney is the
37. renal periphery.
38. renal medulla.
39. renal cortex.
40. glomerulus.
41. collecting duct.
42. If, during a dissection, you were asked to place a pin in the part of the kidney containing the collecting duct, you would pin the
43. renal periphery.
44. renal cortex.
45. glomerulus.
46. collecting duct.
47. renal medulla.
48. A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that obtains blood from the arterioles and filters it into the nephron is called the
49. glomerulus.
50. collecting duct.
51. renal medulla.
52. renal cortex.
53. renal pelvis.
54. If a drug had been banned for damaging the kidneys by causing poor drainage of the glomerulus, you would suspect the drug caused damage to the
55. renal pelvis.
56. pacinian corpuscle.

C. Bowman's capsule.

D. renal vein.

E. renal artery.

1. The chemical composition of urine reflects the processes of
2. filtration.
3. reabsorption.
4. secretion.

D. concentration.

E. All of the answer choices are correct.

1. The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is
2. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
3. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
4. growth hormone (GH).
5. luteinizing hormone (LH).

E. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

1. A diuretic is a substance that
2. decreases the permeability of the tubules to water.
3. increases the volume of blood.
4. decreases the volume of water in the body.
5. increases the volume of urine.
6. increases the production of ADH.
7. You are working with a patient who thinks they have been poisoned. Their blood pressure is elevated and tissue biopsies of the patient's liver show extra sodium channels in the kidneys. You suspect that the patient has been given
8. epinephrine.
9. aldosterone.
10. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
11. insulin.
12. testosterone.
13. Dialysis is a procedure in which a machine takes over the function of the
14. liver.
15. pancreas.
16. hypothalamus.
17. urinary bladder.
18. kidney.
19. A penguin's feet are nearly as cold as ice, while the bird's core body temperature is much higher. Which of the following explains this observation?
20. countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in arteries and cold blood in veins
21. countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in veins and cold blood in arteries
22. blood supply to legs shut off by vasoconstriction
23. no muscles in the feet of penguins to generate heat
24. heat cannot diffuse from body core to feet because feet are too far away

True / False Questions

1. Countercurrent exchange is used for homeostasis both by some animals experiencing cold conditions and by kidneys in the nephron loop.

True False

1. Dilation of blood vessels in extremities can help animals lose excess heat as part of thermoregulation.

True False

1. One reason for homeostasis in body temperature is that excessively high temperature can lead to protein denaturation and loss of protein function.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. If you awoke and looked out your window and saw a gopher shaking, what might be true about the temperature outside?
2. It is very cold, and the gopher is shivering to help thermoregulate.
3. It is very hot, and the gopher is trying to increase perspiration.
4. It is hot and dry, causing the gopher to have kidney problems.
5. Temperatures are moderate, and the gopher may be trying to attract a mate.
6. None of the answer choices is correct.
7. One symptom of kidney failure can be the appearance of blood in the urine. This would indicate that which part of the kidney was damaged?
8. proximal convoluted tubule
9. distal convoluted tubule
10. glomerulus
11. nephron
12. collecting duct
13. Alcohol reduces ADH secretion which in turn
14. decreases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume.
15. decreases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume.
16. increases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume.
17. increases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume.
18. has no effect on the urine volume.
19. Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish, so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills. How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?
20. drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
21. drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salts
22. produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
23. produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salt from the water
24. drink saltwater and produce dilute urine to rid itself of excess salt
25. Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium in the blood. This is a concern for marathon runners who drink too much water, and can cause life-threatening pressure on the brain. Why would this occur?
26. Neurons would take up the sodium from the blood and not be able to polarize.
27. Neurons would be stimulated to all fire at once.
28. Neurons would swell by osmosis.
29. Neurons die in low levels of sodium.
30. Neurons cannot give the kidneys signals to reabsorb sodium ions.
31. If you were faced treating a patient with hypertension and wanted to help, you would prescribe diuretics because they blood volume and blood pressure.
32. decrease; stabilize
33. increase; increase
34. decrease; decrease
35. increase; decrease
36. stabilize; decrease

True / False Questions

1. When fluid enters the collecting duct, it is called urine.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Like the kidney, a dialysis machine leaves what in the blood?
2. water
3. waste
4. blood cells
5. salt
6. glucose
7. What effect would drinking salt water have in a human?
8. dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the blood into the urine
9. dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the urine into the blood
10. increased hydration as the extra salt in the blood pulls water out of tissues
11. increased hydration as the extra salt in the urine pulls water out of tissues
12. dehydration as salt in the intestines pulls water out of the urine
13. Turbinates were found in therapsids, extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals. What could the researchers conclude from this observation?
14. Ectothermy arose before fur.
15. Ectothermy arose after fur.
16. Endothermy arose before fur.
17. Endothermy arose after fur.
18. Birds did not descend from reptiles.

1. In this figure, the authors of the study looked for a correlation between which two variables?
2. being extinct and nasal cross-section
3. mass and endothermy
4. being extinct and mass

D. mass and nasal cross-section

E. presence of a turbinate and nasal cross-section

1. Based on the figure, what conclusion could the authors deduce from the graph?
2. Nasal cross-section increases with mass.
3. Nonavian reptiles generally have lower nasal cross-sections than mammals of the same mass.
4. Nonavian reptiles generally have lower nasal cross-sections than birds of the same mass.
5. Two-thirds of the dinosaurs had some of the highest nasal cross-sections of all nonavian reptiles.
6. All of the answer choices are correct.

True / False Questions

1. An endotherm typically will have a larger nasal cavity than an ectotherm of equivalent mass.

True False

1. Urine leaves the collecting duct and travels to the ureter.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A nonavian reptile is and has a body temperature _.
2. ectothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature

B. endothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature

1. ectothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
2. endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism

E. None of the answer choices is correct.