Animal Behavior Ch36 Full Test Bank

Chapter 36

Animal Behavior

Multiple Choice Questions

1. If a predator is nearby, Thompson's gazelles will try to deter it by jumping and displaying its abilities through a behavior called
2. mobbing.
3. bobbing.
4. dribbling.
5. stotting.
6. cavorting.
7. A flock of crows attacking a great horned owl is an example of
8. stotting.
9. dribbling.
10. bobbing.
11. cavorting.
12. mobbing.
13. Ethology is the scientific study of
14. None of the answer choices is correct.
15. animal behavior.
16. inheritance.
17. plants.
18. how organisms interact with the living and nonliving components of their environment.
19. If scientists ask "Why" questions about behaviors of organisms, the questions are , but if scientists ask "How" questions about behaviors

of organisms, the questions are _.

1. philosophical; physiological
2. dominant; recessive
3. developmental; anatomical
4. ultimate; proximate
5. proximate; ultimate
6. Which of the following is a proximate question in regards to animal behavior?
7. How does a male songbird learn the songs that attract females of his species?
8. When does a human male develop a deep voice?
9. Why does a gazelle leap to warn others in the herd when a predator is present?
10. Why do parents risk their lives for those of their offspring?
11. Why do crows work together to attack great horned owls?
12. Which of the following is an ultimate question in regards to animal behavior?
13. Why do parents risk their lives for those of their offspring?
14. How do crows know to work together to attack a great horned owl?
15. How does a male songbird learn the songs that attract females of his species?
16. How does the nervous system translate instinct into action?
17. When does a human male develop a deep voice?
18. Scientists have no way to measure objectively the
19. love that humans feel for a pet.
20. effect of a neurotransmitter on a muscle.
21. force of a muscular contraction.

D. level of insulin in the bloodstream.

E. volume of blood flow through an artery.

1. Biologists generally classify animal behaviors by
2. both the way the organism acquired the behavior and how changeable the behavior is in the organism.
3. the way the organism acquired the behavior.
4. the number or proportion of the species that displays the behavior.
5. how specific or general the behavior allows the organism to interact within its environment.
6. how changeable the behavior is in the organism.

9. The type of behavior that does not require learning or experience to be performed correctly is

1. classical conditioning.
2. habituation.
3. operant conditioning.
4. imprinting.
5. innate behavior.

10. An instantaneous automatic response to a stimulus is a(n)

1. fixed action pattern.
2. taxis.
3. imprinting.
4. learned behavior.
5. reflex.

11. Taxis is defined as

1. the learning of a behavior that is associated with consequences of the behavior.
2. a movement towards or away from a stimulus.
3. a motor response initiated by a stimulus, continuing to completion of the response.
4. an instantaneous, automatic response to a stimulus.
5. rapid learning of behaviors by an animal during a restricted time in the animal's life.

12. A common human behavior happens in your biology lecture. You observe a student yawning, and then you and other people yawn. Each student now completes an entire yawn, taking some six seconds to complete. The behavior of yawning to completion after your yawn was triggered by the stimulus of seeing someone else yawn is termed a

1. fixed action pattern.
2. substantive blueprint.
3. methodology template.
4. maximum survival pattern.
5. minimum survival pattern.

13. In the spring season, snakes have been observed moving onto warm roadways heated by the sunlight. This innate behavior of moving to a warmer area is a(n) behavior.

1. taxis
2. reflex
3. learned

D. habituation

E. fixed action pattern

14. An animal behavior, such as a bear entering a campground more often because it finds food around camping people, is an example of

1. operant conditioning.
2. reflex.
3. imprinting.
4. taxis.
5. an innate behavior.

15. People often pick up and "adopt" baby wild animals, which then leads to a set of dependent behaviors that the young animal learns very rapidly. The dependent behaviors will be retained through life, endangering the survivability of the animal around people or in the wild. This behavior is learned by

1. observation.
2. imprinting.
3. reflex.
4. habituation.
5. taxis.

16. Raccoons and squirrels can become familiar to and stop reacting to loud noises, sights, and actions of people in cities or suburbs. They react differently from how they would if they encountered people in the wild. This is an example of

1. imprinting.
2. reflex.
3. habituation.
4. observational behavior.
5. taxis.

17. Sea turtles lay their eggs in the sand on the beach. When the sea turtle eggs hatch, the babies migrate to the water without any assistance from the parent. This behavior, in which they are born with, is known as

A. All of the answer choices are correct.

B. behavior learned by observation.

1. innate behavior.
2. learned behavior.
3. habituation.

18. Animals that mark and defend a home range against other animals are exhibiting

1. symbiotic behavior.
2. territorial behavior.
3. imprinting.
4. habituation.
5. taxis behavior.

19. The fitness of an organism includes any of these behaviors except

1. behaviors associated with courtship, sexual selection, and mating.
2. the set of innate behaviors in which animals respond to stimuli.
3. the learned behaviors that animals develop from experience in accessing needed resources.
4. the altruistic behaviors, which place an animal at additional risk for the good of others.
5. an animal's behaviors that promote survival and reproductive success of itself and its kin.

20. The behavior in which an animal mates for life is

1. monogamy.
2. bigamy.
3. monology.
4. polyploidy.
5. polygamy.
6. Male sticklebacks that see a model of a fish with a red belly will attack it, thinking it is a breeding male. They do not attack model fish without a red belly. This is an example of
7. learned behavior.
8. imprinting.
9. fixed action pattern.
10. taxis.
11. reflex.
12. Mutation of the fru (fruitless) gene in fruit flies results in males attempting to mate with other males. This is an example of
13. imprinting.
14. learned behavior.
15. fixed action pattern.
16. reflex.
17. taxis.
18. Using a hand puppet to feed a baby condor is done to promote on condors and prevent to humans.
19. habituation; operant conditioning
20. imprinting; operant conditioning
21. imprinting; habituation
22. habituation; imprinting
23. operant conditioning; imprinting
24. In the wild, an animal avoids a food that had previously made it sick. This animal is exhibiting
25. observational learning.
26. habituation.
27. imprinting.
28. operant conditioning.
29. classical conditioning.
30. A squirrel visits your bird feeder every day, and has discovered that if it jumps onto the feeder, seeds will fall on the ground that it can eat. This learned behavior is known as
31. operant conditioning.
32. classical conditioning.
33. habituation.
34. observational learning.
35. imprinting.
36. Evidence that exposure to song is important in white-crowned sparrows learning to sing includes which of the following?
37. They need to hear songs from other male white-crowned sparrows from 10–50 days after hatching.
38. They need to hear songs from any sparrow from 10–50 days after hatching to sing properly.
39. White-crowned sparrows raised in a laboratory cannot learn how to sing properly.
40. They must imprint on their father to learn how to sing their song properly.
41. They will not produce any song at all if they do not hear other birds sing.
42. What is the evidence that genes are involved in a white-crowned sparrow learning to sing?
43. If the sparrows are deafened after learning to sing, they will sing abnormally as adults.
44. If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows, they will eventually learn to sing normally.
45. If they hear singing from both white-crowned sparrows and other species of sparrows, they will sing abnormally.
46. If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows, they will sing, but abnormally.
47. If they do not hear singing from other white-crowned sparrows, they will not sing at all.
48. A homing pigeon that uses landmarks to find its way back to its nest is exhibiting
49. solar navigation.
50. piloting.
51. true navigation.
52. magnetic orientation.
53. stellar navigation.
54. Crows feeding on whelks drop the whelks from the air until their shell breaks, allowing the crows to eat the mussel inside. What factor(s) is/are important for crows optimizing this foraging strategy?
55. the force of gravity in each drop and the height per drop
56. the force of gravity in each drop
57. the number of drops needed to break the shell
58. the height per drop
59. the number of drops needed to break the shell and the height per drop

30. In optimizing foraging, birds often stop feeding in an area and move on, even though there are still some seeds left. What is the best explanation for this observation?

1. Other areas may have food at a lower density.
2. They will leave some seeds to create the next generation of plants.
3. The density of the food becomes low, so it will take too much energy to find.
4. They are more likely to find a mate if they move around.
5. They are safer from predators when moving.

31. Which of the following is an advantage of birds traveling in flocks?

1. An individual bird's chance of being eaten by a predator is diminished.
2. An individual bird will need to spend less time finding food.
3. A flock of birds is like a warning signal to predators not to feed on them.
4. An individual bird will have more food available.
5. An individual bird's chance of finding a mate will increase.

32. Antlers on a male deer and the lack of antlers on a female deer are examples of

1. polygamy.
2. monogamy.
3. sexual behavior.
4. sexual dimorphism.
5. optimal foraging.

33. Which of the following is not exhibited by a polygamous mating system?

1. The male will kill offspring if they interfere with mating.
2. The females provide care for their offspring.
3. The male mates with numerous females.
4. The females provide food for their offspring.
5. The male defends vulnerable offspring.

34. The showy feathers of a male peacock versus the plain feathers of a female peacock is an example of

1. sexual dimorphism.
2. animal cognition.
3. habituation.
4. distraction display.
5. piloting.

35. In the morning, you are woken by hundreds of birds chirping in the trees outside your window. Which of the following is evidence of adaptation for birds living in a group?

1. decreased aggression among members of the same species
2. increased availability of nesting sites
3. increased resistance to diseases
4. increased availability of seeds to feed on
5. protection against predators
6. Chimpanzees given food will readily share with other chimpanzees, even if not related. Which of the following is an explanation for this observation?
7. Sexual dimorphism is occurring.
8. They anticipate reciprocal altruism.
9. Dominance hierarchy is occurring.
10. It is a reflex.
11. They are engaging in kin selection.
12. In eusocial animals like ants, the queen is diploid and the male is haploid. Why would female worker ants be more likely than other animals to engage in altruism, feeding the queen's offspring?
13. The queen establishes a dominance hierarchy over the colony.
14. The worker ants are monogamous and remain faithful to the queen ant.
15. It is a reflex for the worker ants to be altruistic.
16. The worker ants are more related to the queen's offspring than they would be to their own offspring.
17. The worker ants hope for reciprocal altruism and may become the queen ant.
18. A behavior that can increase reproductive success of an individual male in a species is
19. All of the answer choices are correct.
20. direct physical competition for the "right" to mate with a particular female.
21. post-mating physical competition to block other males from subsequently mating with the female.
22. the removal of the sperm from other males, so that there will be no successful fertilization.
23. the ability to produce more sperm can be produced or released.
24. Sepia apama cuttlefish mollusk males and females
25. live in populations of equal proportions, producing equal probability of reproductive success.
26. can't mate successfully unless they are among the larger individuals in the population.
27. are opportunistically hermaphroditic, able to mate as either male or female depending on the population needs.
28. are sexually dimorphic, having different arm lengths and colorations.
29. mate during the warm spring season.
30. Through initial observation, research led by Naud and Hanlon showed that the main adaptation in behavior, that increases reproductive success of a male in the cuttlefish Sepia apama, is
31. None of the answer choices is correct.
32. to change color and mimic another female, because the females are solitary and do not allow any males near them.
33. an altruistic trade, in which females allow a large male to mate with them in exchange for protection from predators during the vulnerable

gestation period.

1. guarding the females from subsequent mating attempts by other males.

E. the use of the male's arms to sort and mix the eggs and sperm, to ensure successful fertilization before he leaves the female.

1. Hanlon, Naud, and their colleagues analyzed DNA among mating males and fertilized eggs of Sepia apama cuttlefish, after mating had been observed. Examine their results in this figure. Which conclusion is supported by these results?

1. There is no reproductive value for a male to guard the female for less than 20 minutes.

B. A male guarding a female 20 to 40 minutes from subsequent mating attempts of other males is the most successful behavior.

C. Smaller males that mimic females are more successful in producing fertilized eggs.

D. Mimicry of females by smaller males does not result in any successful production of fertilized eggs.

E. Guarding females for more than 40 minutes prevents females from sorting and fertilizing sperm and eggs before the eggs die.

1. Studying the Sepia apama cuttlefish, Hanlon, Naud, and their colleagues observed that most success in producing fertilized eggs was attributed to the males guarding mated females from subsequent mating attempts by other males. What additional behavior contributed to successful production of fertilized eggs?
2. As opportunistic hermaphrodites, smaller males were able to mate and reproduce as females.
3. Smaller males distracted larger males for more than 40 minutes, past the viability of their sperm, and then the smaller males mated with the

females.

1. The sparse population density of Sepia apama cuttlefish results in lower but equal reproductive successes among smaller and less aggressive

males.

1. Smaller, less aggressive males used mimicry of females to approach guarded females repeatedly to mate.
2. All of the answer choices are correct.

True / False Questions

43. Stotting and mobbing are altruistic behaviors used by certain animals to warn others of danger.

True False

44. Ethologists asking "why"-type questions in their studies are studying proximate causes of animal behavior.

True False

45. Ethologists asking "how"-type questions in their studies are studying proximate causes of animal behavior.

True False

1. The type of animal behavior that is inborn and does not require experience or learning to be performed correctly is innate behavior.

True False

1. Imprinting is a kind of rapid learning that occurs only during a restricted time, early in the life of an animal.

True False

1. In almost all cases, innate and learned behaviors are determined by both genetics and environment.

True False

1. The scientific study of animal behavior is ethology.

True False

1. If an individual reduces its own fitness for the survival of and reproduction of nondescendant relatives is termed kin selection.

True False

1. Monogamous animals live with their one mate and help take care of their young.

True False

1. Response to a predator is a type of innate behavior.

True False

1. Behavior displayed in animal reproduction is a type of innate behavior.

True False

1. Imprinting is a type of innate behavior.

True False

1. A chimp using a stick to probe for termites from a nest is evidence of cognition.

True False