Ch24 | Complete Test Bank – Reproduction And Development Of

Chapter 24

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Multiple Choice Questions

1. As a seed germinates, its shoot points upward toward light, and its roots grow downward into the soil. Turn the plant sideways, and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity. How do roots respond to gravity?
2. through thigmotropism
3. by the absorption of light by phytochromes
4. by sensing the photoperiod
5. by the movement of statoliths within the cell
6. through circadian rhythms
7. A sweet substance used by many angiosperms to lure pollinators is
8. pollen.
9. "honey dew."
10. phloem sap.
11. honey.
12. nectar.
13. The production of pollen, seeds, and flowers attributed to the widespread distribution of angiosperms. Why is the production of pollen an advantage?
14. It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
15. It allows fertilization in moist areas.
16. It promotes pollination.
17. It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
18. It protects and nourishes the embryo.
19. The production of pollen, seeds, and flowers attributed to the widespread distribution of angiosperms. Why is the production of seeds an advantage?
20. It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
21. It protects and nourishes the embryo.
22. It promotes pollination.
23. It allows fertilization in moist areas.
24. It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
25. Thinking about the function of the flower organ, what advantage does a flowering plant have over a nonflowering plant?
26. It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
27. It protects and nourishes the embryo.
28. It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
29. It promotes pollination.
30. It allows fertilization in moist areas.
31. Clones are offspring that are
32. produced asexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
33. produced sexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
34. produced by sexual reproduction.
35. genetically identical to their parent.
36. produced by asexual reproduction.
37. A scion is
38. a clone of a plant created by tissue culture in a lab.
39. the root stock to which another plant part is grafted.
40. a triploid zygote that develops into endoderm.
41. a part of a plant that is grafted to root stock of a closely related plant.
42. a tetraploid zygote formed from the union of two diploid nuclei.
43. In biology lab, you observe lumps of plant tissue. Your instructor tells you that they have been grown artificially and can produce new plants. Each lump is

a(n)

1. scion.
2. stigma.
3. tetraploid zygote.
4. callus.
5. amnion.
6. The sporophyte generation of a plant is and produces spores.
7. multicellular; diploid
8. diploid; haploid
9. haploid; diploid
10. triploid; haploid
11. triploid; diploid
12. In sexual reproduction in multicellular organisms, produces haploid gametes, and unites the gametes to create diploid zygotes.
13. meiosis; fertilization
14. mitosis; pollination
15. fertilization; meiosis
16. pollination; fertilization
17. fertilization; mitosis
18. The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a complete flower is
19. five.
20. two.
21. one.
22. four.
23. three.
24. Whorl one, the outermost whorl of a flower, makes up the
25. male parts of a flower.
26. petals.
27. sepals.
28. female parts of a flower.
29. stem region.
30. Whorl two of a flower makes up the
31. stem region.
32. male parts of a flower.
33. sepals.
34. petals.
35. female parts of a flower.
36. Whorl three of a flower makes up the
37. petals.
38. sepals.
39. female parts of a flower.
40. male parts of a flower.
41. stem region.
42. Which whorl of the flower contains the female reproductive parts?
43. whorl 2
44. whorl 3
45. whorl 1
46. whorl 4
47. whorl 5
48. The whorl of a flower that consists of all the petals is the
49. stamen.
50. carpel.
51. stigma.
52. calyx.
53. corolla.
54. The whorl of a flower that consists of all the sepals is the
55. stigma.
56. calyx.
57. corolla.
58. carpel.
59. stamen.
60. The pollen-producing body of a flower is the
61. ovary.
62. stigma.
63. anther.
64. sepal.
65. style.
66. The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the
67. anther.
68. sepal.
69. stigma.
70. style.
71. ovary.
72. The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the
73. ovary.
74. anther.
75. stigma.
76. style.
77. sepal.
78. The flower structure that consists of the male reproductive parts is the
79. carpel.
80. stigma.
81. corolla.
82. calyx.
83. stamen.
84. Floral microspores are located in the
85. corolla.
86. anther.
87. ovule.
88. stigma.
89. sepal.
90. Where are floral megaspores located?
91. corolla
92. anther
93. ovule
94. sepal
95. stigma
96. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(n) to a receptive .
97. stigma; ovary
98. ovary; stigma
99. stigma; anther
100. None of the answer choices is correct.
101. anther; stigma
102. On a field trip, you observe red, tubular flowers along the trail. You will expect them to be pollinated by
103. bees.
104. hummingbirds.
105. moths.
106. beetles.
107. bats.
108. Hiking a trail, you observe large, white flowers that produce a strong aroma and have large anthers. The pollinators likely to pollinate these flowers are
109. bats and moths.
110. flies.
111. birds.
112. beetles.
113. bees.
114. The main pollinators of flowers that have markings visible only under ultraviolet light are
115. birds.
116. bees.
117. beetles.
118. flies.
119. bats and moths.
120. A tissue that is formed from a triploid nucleus and that stores food for the developing plant embryo is the
121. endosperm.
122. mesosperm.
123. mesoderm.
124. endoderm.
125. microspore.
126. The plant hormone that triggers the withering of petals and stamens and promotes fruit ripening is
127. abscisic acid.
128. ethylene.
129. jasmonic acid.
130. cytokinins.
131. gibberellins.
132. The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with one carpel is a fruit.
133. aggregate
134. double
135. axillary
136. simple
137. multiple
138. The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with many separate carpels is a(n) fruit.
139. axillary
140. aggregate
141. simple
142. double
143. multiple
144. The is an example of a(n) fruit that is derived from tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries have fused.
145. strawberry; aggregate
146. burdock; fur-dispersed
147. pineapple; multiple
148. cherry; simple
149. tomato; berry

33. The resumption of plant growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is

1. fertilization.
2. transpiration.
3. pollination.
4. stagnation.
5. germination.

34. A biochemical synthesized in small quantities in one part of an organism and transported to another, where a target cell is affected is a(n)

1. spore.
2. scion.
3. enzyme.
4. callus.
5. hormone.
6. The plant hormone that stimulates cell division in seeds and fruits is
7. auxin.
8. jasmonic acid.
9. abscisic acid.
10. cytokinin.
11. ethylene.
12. Three college students purchased a bag of fresh-picked, unripened apples from a nearby orchard. Keeping the apples in a paper bag for several days, the apples ripened. This was a response to the plant hormone
13. auxin.
14. ethylene.
15. gibberellin.
16. jasmonic acid.
17. abscisic acid.
18. In plants, molecules that perceive the quality and quantity of light are
19. pressure receptors.
20. photoreceptors.
21. gradient receptors.
22. mechanoreceptors.
23. chemoreceptors.
24. A seed's response to gravity is called
25. phototropism.
26. organotropism.
27. chemotropism.
28. thigmotropism.
29. gravitropism.
30. A directional response to touch exhibited by plants is called
31. gravitropism.
32. phototropism.
33. organotropism.
34. chemotropism.
35. thigmotropism.
36. Senescence means that
37. All of the answer choices are correct.
38. a plant is aging towards death or dormancy.
39. a plant is doing less synthesis of molecules.
40. plant tissues are breaking down more molecules.
41. a plant is potentially going through leaf abscission.
42. A region of separation that forms near the base of the leaf's petiole when the leaf is shed is the
43. endosperm.
44. abscission zone.
45. Casparian strip.
46. pericycle.
47. statolith.
48. The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off. Large, heavy seeds contain ample nutrients to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far. In contrast, small seeds store limited nutrients but disperse far and wide. Human-cultivated crops typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors. How

has human farming altered the evolution of these crops?

1. We grow the plants under conditions that favor the growth of larger seeds.
2. By using fertilizers, the seeds do not need to store as many nutrients.
3. We have created crop plants that are more competitive in the wild than their ancestors.
4. Because we spread the seeds, we can spread more smaller seeds per acre, thus favoring these plants.
5. We have removed the selection pressure favoring small seed size.
6. You plant a seed in a pot with soil, add water, and then place it in the sunlight in a closed chamber. Before the seedling emerges from the soil, carbon dioxide levels increase in the closed chamber. This indicates that is occurring.
7. photosynthesis
8. alcohol fermentation
9. cellular respiration
10. sucrose production
11. fertilization
12. You planted a seed in a pot with soil, add water, and then placed it in the sunlight in a closed chamber. After the seedling emerged, complete with two green leaves, the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber. This indicated that was occurring.
13. alcohol fermentation
14. photosynthesis
15. cellular respiration
16. sucrose production
17. fertilization
18. If a gardener cuts the apical meristem of a plant, lateral buds begin to grow, which causes a bushier shape to develop. This is because the apical meristem normally secretes auxins that
19. suppresses the growth of lateral buds.
20. suppresses the growth of the apical meristem.
21. stimulates the growth of the apical meristem.
22. stimulates the growth of lateral buds.
23. stimulates the growth of roots.
24. Cytokinins are water-soluble hormones produced in the root apical meristem and stimulate the growth of lateral buds. How do cytokinins reach the lateral buds?
25. by diffusion as a gas
26. through the phloem
27. through the xylem
28. through the phloem and xylem
29. through the phloem and by diffusion as a gas
30. In the late 1870s, Charles Darwin and his son, Francis, discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered, phototropism did not occur, even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light. However, if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light, the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip. Which of the following was sensing the light?
31. auxin-detecting cells in the tip of the grass
32. auxin-producing cells in the tip of the grass
33. auxin-producing cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
34. auxin-detecting cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
35. If you wanted a grass plant to bend to the right, where would you want to apply auxin?
36. on the left side of the tip of the grass
37. on the left side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip
38. on the right side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip
39. on the right side of the tip of the grass
40. Packages of vegetable seeds typically include an ideal planting depth. If planted too deep, the seeds will not germinate. Why will an excess depth affect the germination of the plant?
41. Circadian rhythms are disrupted.
42. Thigmotropism is disrupted.
43. Statoliths can no longer move.
44. Phytochromes can no longer absorb light.
45. The apical meristem cannot reach the surface of the soil.
46. As a seed germinates, its shoot points upward toward light, and its roots grow downward into the soil. Turn the plant sideways, and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity. How do roots and shoots grow in opposite directions as the plant is rotated?
47. The absorption of light by phytochromes only occurs in shoots.
48. The roots and shoots respond oppositely to auxin.
49. The circadian rhythms of roots and shoots are opposite.
50. Statoliths move in the opposite direction of roots and shoots.
51. through differences in thigmotropism
52. Clover will flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light. It will not flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light. However, if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light, the clover will flower. Which of the following will trigger clover to flower?
53. None of the answer choices is correct.
54. short light periods
55. long dark periods
56. short dark periods
57. long light periods
58. Cocklebur will not flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light. It will flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light. However, if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light, the cocklebur will not flower. Which of the following will trigger cocklebur to flower?
59. short dark periods
60. short light periods
61. long dark periods
62. None of the answer choices is correct.
63. long light periods
64. Fruit develops from the
65. anther.
66. ovary.
67. stems.
68. stigma.
69. leaves.
70. What are the normal functions of fruit?
71. contribute to secondary growth and disperse seeds
72. protect seeds and attract pollinators
73. protect and disperse seeds
74. attract pollinators and disperse seeds
75. anchor the plant and attract pollinators
76. What is a seed?
77. a mature pollen
78. a diploid embryo
79. a mature sporophyte
80. a diploid spore
81. a haploid gametophyte
82. How are animals involved in the life cycle of plants?
83. seed dispersers
84. seed dispersers and germinators
85. seed germinators
86. pollinators and seed dispersers
87. pollinators
88. When Tewsbury and Nabhan carried out feeding preference studies, they were testing their hypothesis that peppers are hot
89. to promote pollination of the peppers.
90. to deter seed destroyers without affecting dispersers.
91. to deter all animals from destroying the seeds.
92. for a reason unrelated to seed dispersal or destruction.
93. to promote dispersion when animals drop the hot fruit.
94. In the Tewsbury and Nabhan study, which animals were observed most likely to eat the hot peppers?
95. cactus mice
96. pack rats and thrashers
97. thrashers
98. Cactus mice, pack rats, and thrashers all ate the peppers equally.

E. pack rats

1. What conclusion did the researchers draw from the results of the feeding preference studies?
2. The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and destroying the seeds.
3. The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and dispersing the seeds.
4. The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and destroying the seeds.
5. The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and dispersing the seeds.
6. Peppers that produce more capsaicin would lose fewer seeds to herbivores. This would lead to selection.
7. disruptive
8. stabilizing
9. artificial
10. sexual
11. directional

True / False Questions

1. Gymnosperms are the flowering plants.

True False

1. A seed is an embryo and its food supply is inside a seed coat.

True False

1. The root and shoot apical meristems form at the same time in the plant embryo.

True False

1. Seedless watermelons come from seeds that are triploid and therefore the seeds do not fully develop and form simple soft hulls that are easy to chew.

True False

1. Coconuts are fruits containing seeds that are usually wind dispersed.

True False

1. The first step in germination of a plant seed is the absorption of water.

True False

1. Jasmonic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

True False

1. Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

True False

1. Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate the ripening of fruit.

True False

1. A farmer might use gibberellins to stimulate stem elongation in plants, thereby increasing the crop yield in some plants.

True False

1. All tropisms result from differential growth in which one side of the responding organ grows faster than the other.

True False