Ch.23 Plant Nutrition And Transport Test Bank Docx

Chapter 23

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The carnivorous plant with two-sided leaves, each with highly sensitive trigger hairs for snapping shut on small animals is the
2. Venus flytrap.
3. horsetail.
4. sundew plant.
5. pitcher plant.
6. club moss.
7. Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a source of
8. carbon.
9. magnesium.
10. nitrogen.
11. potassium.
12. hydrogen.
13. Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as
14. essential nutrients.
15. total nutrients.
16. solid nutrients.
17. micronutrients.
18. macronutrients.
19. "K" is the elemental symbol for
20. copper.
21. potassium.
22. krypton.
23. nickel.
24. phosphorus.
25. "P" is the elemental symbol for
26. nickel.
27. potassium.
28. plutonium.
29. phosphorus.
30. copper.
31. "N" is the elemental symbol for
32. nickel.
33. nitrogen.
34. neon.
35. magnesium.
36. copper.
37. The part of the top soil that is characterized by its spongy organic matter that is chemically complex and hard to break down is
38. topsoil.
39. creosote.
40. humus.
41. clay.
42. silt.
43. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide diffuses from the atmosphere into the leaves through pores called
44. plasmodesmata.
45. stomata.
46. companion cells.
47. sieve tubes.
48. guard cells.
49. Which of the following macronutrients is acquired independently of the plant's roots?
50. calcium
51. nitrogen
52. magnesium
53. phosphorus
54. carbon
55. Nitrate and ammonium are usable forms of nitrogen that plants absorb with their
56. roots.
57. stomata.
58. roots and leaves.
59. leaves.
60. stomata and leaves.
61. Nitrogen is needed in plants to manufacture
62. amino acids.
63. proteins.
64. nucleic acids.
65. chlorophyll.
66. All of the answer choices are correct.

12. The bacterium Rhizobium

1. enters plants through the root hairs.
2. All of the answer choices are correct.
3. triggers the development of root nodules in legumes.
4. breaks the triple covalent bond in N2.
5. lives symbiotically within plant cells.

13. Your professor brings in a soybean plant that he uprooted from nearby. Small growths on the roots are stained to show bacteria. Your professor explains the bacteria can "fix" nitrogen into a usable form for the plant. The growths are called

1. root hairs.
2. nodes.
3. sieve tubes.
4. nodules.
5. internodes.

14. Which of the following is not a legume?

1. alfalfa
2. peas
3. corn
4. soybeans
5. beans

15. Commercial fertilizer labels prominently display three numbers, which indicate the content of three elements needed by most plants as macronutrients. These elements in number sequence are

1. zinc, magnesium, and potassium.
2. carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.
3. nitrogen, zinc, and copper.
4. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
5. copper, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

16. Farmers often use organic matter, such as manure, compost, or even crop residue from previous harvests, with the advantage of

1. improving fertility of the soil.
2. aerating the soil.
3. increasing the water-holding capacity of the soil.
4. providing food for beneficial soil microorganisms.

E. All of the answer choices are correct.

17. Evaporation of water from the surface of leaves is

1. hydrolysis.
2. oxidation.
3. transpiration.
4. condensation.
5. sublimation.

18. The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via

1. xylem.
2. cortex.
3. xylem and cortex.
4. phloem.
5. phloem and cortex.

19. Turgor is the

1. pressure placed on the inside of a cell membrane of a plant by water.
2. cohesion of water molecules with each other, as they pass through a plant's vascular tissues.
3. diffusion of water across plant cell membranes in response to the nutrient solute concentrations.
4. passage of water vapor out of a plant through the stomatal openings.
5. adhesion of water molecules to the inside of a cell membrane of a plant's xylem.

20. The tendency of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds is

1. evaporation.
2. hydrolysis.
3. cohesion.
4. condensation.
5. adhesion.

21. The cohesion-tension theory explains how properties of water associated with hydrogen bonds

1. form a pressure behind stomata that forces water through them.
2. form a positive pressure that moves phloem solution from "sources" to "sinks."
3. move the watery sap solution through the xylem tissue cells of a plant.
4. move some water through cell cytoplasm of roots, and some water in the spaces between root cells.
5. conserve water in plants by secreting cuticle, a nonpolar triglyceride coating the epidermis of leaves.
6. The waxy barrier called the directs water from the roots into the endodermis and then into the xylem.
7. Casparian strip
8. companion cells
9. cuticle
10. sieve tubes
11. epidermis
12. Water and minerals can move from one cell to another in the intracellular pathway through the
13. Casparian strip.
14. guard cells.
15. companion cells.
16. plasmodesmata.
17. stomata.
18. The and of leaves help to conserve water in a plant.
19. root hairs; stomata
20. Casparian strip; endodermis
21. stomata; cuticle
22. Casparian strip; cuticle
23. None of the answer choices is correct.
24. In the pressure flow theory, any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a
25. source.
26. sink.
27. reservoir.
28. aqueduct.
29. companion cell.
30. A farmer decides to use a crop rotation plan that plants corn one year, peanuts the second year, and soy beans the third year. Then he will start the rotation over with corn. The most likely reason for this type of crop rotation is to replace the soil's content.
31. calcium
32. potassium
33. nitrogen
34. phosphorus
35. water
36. Which of the following will not increase the rate of transpiration in plants?
37. high humidity
38. low humidity
39. high wind speeds
40. high temperature
41. All of the answer choices are correct.
42. Throughout a growing season, a plant uses up to 1000 liters (or kg) of water to produce just 1 kilogram of tissue. What happens to most of the remaining 999 kg of water?
43. It is used in the cytoplasm.
44. It is used in photosynthesis.
45. It is used in hydrolysis reactions.
46. It evaporates.
47. It passes back through the roots into the soil.
48. The concentration of solutes in most soil is lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells, so water enters the roots by
49. hydrostatic pressure.
50. cohesion.
51. osmosis.
52. adhesion.
53. hydrolysis.
54. If water is abundant, a plant's guard cells will and the stomata will .
55. collapse; open
56. collapse; close
57. swell; close
58. None of the answer choices is correct.
59. swell; open
60. If water is scarce, a plant's guard cells will and the stomata will .
61. swell; close
62. collapse; open
63. collapse; close
64. swell; open
65. None of the answer choices is correct.
66. In which of the situations below would a plant be at greatest risk for the formation of air bubbles in the xylem stream?
67. during the night, when transpiration is low
68. during the afternoon, when transpiration is highest
69. in the early morning, with cooler temperatures and calm winds
70. in the day during a drought
71. the risk is the same at any time of day

33. During photosynthesis in a leaf, sugars are loaded into the sieve tube by , followed by to move water which increases pressure.

1. osmosis; gravity
2. gravity; active transport
3. active transport; osmosis
4. osmosis; facilitated diffusion
5. facilitated diffusion; osmosis

34. According to pressure-flow theory, how does sap move from the sieve tube into a sink?

1. a positive pump pressure
2. osmosis of the dissolved sugars across the sieve tube and the sink plasma membranes
3. a negative pump pressure
4. gravitational action as phloem moves down from the source
5. active membrane transport through the plasma membranes

35. In many parts of the Everglades in Florida, excessive irrigation is lowering water levels and allowing salt water to enter the freshwater swamps. Why is this a problem for plants that have adapted to life in these swamps?

1. Photosynthesis is inhibited by salt.
2. The plant roots cannot take up water if the soil salt concentration is high.
3. The salt competes with minerals for uptake by the plants, limiting their growth.
4. The plants cannot move sugars down the xylem if there is salt outside of the roots pulling water out.
5. Salts bind to nitrogen, preventing it from being taken up.

36. Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements, the lower the pressure. They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero, and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122–130 meters. The tallest known tree on Earth is 112.7 meters. Which of the following most likely limits the height of trees?

1. amount of transpiration in leaves
2. ability to take up CO2
3. strength of water cohesion
4. amount of energy needed to pump water to the tops of the trees
5. amount of photosynthesis in leaves

37. Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements, the lower the pressure. They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero, and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122–130 meters. The tallest known tree on Earth is 112.7 meters. What assumption were the scientists making to conclude that when pressure was zero, the plant could grow no further?

1. Turgor pressure would be greater than gravity.
2. Transpiration would be less than uptake of water from the xylem.
3. Leaves above that point would not receive any sunlight.
4. Leaves above that point would not receive any water.
5. Stems above that point could not transport sugars in their xylem.

38. Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules per plant actively fixing nitrogen. Which of the following best describes Rhizobium?

1. decomposer soil fungus that invades the root
2. multicellular mycelium that invades the root
3. mutualistic bacterium that penetrates the root
4. antagonistic virus that invades the root

E. parasitic plant that invades the root

39. Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules per plant and may divert 20–30 percent of their energy generated by photosynthesis to the nodules instead of other plant functions. Why would the plant divert so much energy to Rhizobium?

1. Rhizobium protects the plants from parasites.
2. Rhizobium protects the plants from predators.
3. Rhizobium produces sugars.
4. Rhizobium produces NH4.
5. Rhizobium produces N2.
6. What can you conclude about the grass in your lawn if the recommended fertilizer has an N-P-K ratio of 29-3-4?
7. It is parasitic.
8. P and K are not essential nutrients.
9. It needs a lot of water.
10. It has a taproot.
11. It is not a legume.
12. Carnivorous plants like Sarracenia purpurea are which of the following?
13. detritivores
14. producers and consumers
15. producers
16. consumers
17. producers and detritivores
18. What is the cost of being a carnivorous plant?
19. reduced photosynthesis
20. reduced respiration
21. reduced water
22. reduced mobility
23. reduced nutrients
24. What structure does the pitcher of a carnivorous plant sprout from?
25. leaves
26. fruits
27. stomata
28. stems
29. roots
30. In the absence of environmental sources of water, such as precipitation or condensation, how would water get into the pitcher of a carnivorous plant?
31. through the phloem
32. from the fruit
33. from the cuticle
34. through the xylem
35. from the leaves
36. What hypothesis were Ellison and Gotelli testing when they manipulated concentrations of nutrients available to pitcher plants?
37. Providing extra light would increase the need for nutrients.
38. Cutting leaves would diminish the need for more nutrients.

C. Providing extra nutrients would reduce the need for extra leaves.

D. Providing extra nutrients would increase photosynthetic leaf surface area.

E. Providing extra light would increase leaf production.

1. When Ellison and Gotelli manipulated concentrations of nutrients available to pitcher plants, what was the independent variable?
2. number of insects fed to each plant
3. ratio of the pitcher opening to pitcher length
4. ratio of the keel width to total width
5. amount of nitrogen or phosphorus added to the pitcher of each plant
6. amount of nitrogen or phosphorus added to the roots of each plant
7. A normal pitcher has a narrow keel and a wide pitcher opening, maximizing the potential for trapping prey. On the other hand, a leaf optimized for photosynthesis has a wide keel and a small pitcher opening. Based on this observation and the figure, what conclusion can be drawn?
8. high phosphorus correlates with an increase in photosynthetic ability
9. high nitrogen correlates with a decrease in photosynthetic ability
10. high nitrogen correlates with an increase in trapping ability
11. high phosphorus correlates with an increase in trapping ability
12. high nitrogen correlates with an increase in photosynthetic ability
13. How would a noncarnivorous plant obtain nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus?
14. from the rain through its leaves
15. from animals through its pitcher
16. from the air through its leaves
17. from the sun through photosynthesis
18. from the soil through its roots

True / False Questions

1. Chemicals that are vital to the metabolism, growth, and reproduction of plants are called essential elements.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Nitrogen is used in plant cells to produce which of the following?
2. sugars
3. proteins and nucleic acids
4. proteins
5. sugars and nucleic acids
6. nucleic acids

True / False Questions

1. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only account for about 50% of the dry weight of a plant.

True False

1. Soil scientists use relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay to classify soils.

True False

1. The B horizon soil consists of most of the humus found in soil.

True False

1. The "wearing away" of soil by wind and water is called erosion.

True False

1. Chemically, nutrients from inorganic fertilizers are not equivalent to nutrients from manure or compost.

True False

1. A typical, mature tree consumes only about 5 gallons of water a day.

True False

1. The cohesion-tension theory explains how water moves within a plant.

True False

1. Mycorrhizal fungi decrease the ability of a plant's roots to absorb water.

True False

1. Water is pulled from a plant's roots to its leaves by transpiration.

True False

1. The part of the roots that forces water to enter cells and move into the xylem is the Casparian strip.

True False

1. Most plants prevent nighttime transpiration by keeping their stomata closed. Cacti open their stomata at night; therefore, transpiration can occur at that time.

True False