The Nervous System Test Bank Hoefnagels Ch.26

Chapter 26

The Nervous System

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Cells that detect internal and external conditions are

1. sensors.
2. motivators.
3. effectors.
4. collaborators.
5. axons.

2. The three major roles of the human nervous system are

1. sensory integration, glandular response, and motor response.
2. seeing, feeling, and hearing.
3. sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response.
4. smooth muscle response, cardiac muscle response, and skeletal muscle response.

E. motor input, motor integration, and general sensation.

1. The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the nervous system.
2. peripheral
3. central
4. somatic
5. autonomic
6. sympathetic
7. The enlarged part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the
8. node of Ranvier.
9. axon.
10. synapse.
11. dendrite.
12. cell body.
13. The short, branched extensions that receive input from other neurons are the
14. dendrites.
15. axons.
16. synapses.
17. nuclei.
18. nodes of Ranvier.
19. The part of the neuron that is a single, long extension with a branching tip, that conducts impulses to a muscle or another neuron is the
20. synapse.
21. cell body.
22. axon.
23. dendrite.
24. node of Ranvier.
25. On an axon, the small spacings between the insulation surrounding the axon are called
26. trigger zones.
27. axons.
28. synapses.
29. dendrites.
30. nodes of Ranvier.
31. If you wanted to block transmission of nerve impulses between successive neurons, you would design a drug to impair
32. axons.
33. dendrites.
34. synapses.
35. trigger zones.
36. nodes of Ranvier.
37. If you were told to use a fluorescent antibody that binds to sodium channels to view the origin of nerve impulses, what area on the neuron would have the greatest antibody fluorescence?
38. trigger zone
39. axon
40. synapse
41. Schwann cell

E. dendrite

1. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroglia called form the myelin sheath.
2. companion cells
3. oligodendrocytes
4. Schwann cells
5. alpha cells
6. trigger cells
7. The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are
8. interneurons, synaptic neurons, and neuroglia.
9. synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and Schwann cells.
10. sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.
11. Schwann cells, sensory neurons, and neuroglia.
12. synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons.
13. The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the
14. synaptic neuron.
15. interneuron.
16. motor neuron.
17. sensory neuron.

E. somatic neuron.

1. The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the
2. synaptic neuron.
3. interneuron.
4. motor neuron.
5. sensory neuron.
6. Schwann cell.
7. To improve communication between two neurons, it is necessary in many cases to have a healthy
8. synaptic neuron.
9. interneuron.
10. sensory neuron.
11. motor neuron.
12. Schwann cell.
13. A motor neuron's and reside in the central nervous system, but its extend(s) into the peripheral nervous system.
14. cell body; dendrites; axon
15. axon; cell body; trigger zone
16. dendrites; axon; cell body
17. axon; cell body; dendrites
18. None of the answer choices is correct.
19. An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is a(n)
20. isomer.
21. isotope.
22. ion.
23. neurotransmitter.
24. acid.
25. If you wanted to stop the function of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron, you could starve the cell of ATP because this pump is driven by
26. simple diffusion.
27. active transport.
28. osmosis.
29. phagocytosis.
30. facilitated diffusion.
31. If you were trying to build a mechanical model of a neuron without transmitting a signal, you would want the model to have a(n)
32. action potential of −70 mV.
33. resting potential of −70 mV.
34. resting potential of +35 mV.
35. action potential of +35 mV.
36. action potential of +70 mV.
37. In a neuron at rest
38. active transport is not occurring.
39. sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
40. potassium ions are more concentrated outside the cell than inside.
41. the inside of the cell is positively charged as compared to the outside.
42. potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
43. During an action potential, sodium ions
44. rush out of the cell, switching the potential to +35 mV.
45. rush into the cell, switching the potential to −70 mV.
46. rush into the cell, switching the potential to +35 mV.
47. rush out of the cell, switching the potential to −70 mV.
48. rapidly move in and out of different parts of the neuron, oscillating potential between −50 and +35 mV.
49. Nodes of Ranvier are intervals between Schwann cells that the conduction of nerve impulses.
50. slow down
51. have no effect on
52. initiate
53. speed up
54. completely block
55. A nerve impulse travels times faster when it leaps between nodes of Ranvier than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon.
56. 5
57. 10
58. 20

D. 100

E. 50

1. In myelinated axons, ions can diffuse the axon only at nodes of Ranvier.
2. potassium; into
3. sodium; into
4. sodium; out of
5. potassium; out of
6. All of the answer choices are correct.
7. Nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another by
8. neurotransmitters.
9. action potentials.
10. resting potentials.
11. threshold potentials.
12. nodes of Ranvier.
13. In nerve impulse transmissions, the neuron sending the message across the synapse is called the
14. postsynaptic cell.
15. Schwann cell.
16. presynaptic cell.
17. motor cell.
18. receptor neuron.
19. What condition develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient?
20. insomnia
21. epilepsy
22. Alzheimer's disease
23. Parkinson's disease
24. Huntington's disease
25. What condition develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient?
26. epilepsy
27. insomnia
28. Huntington's disease
29. Alzheimer's disease
30. Parkinson's disease
31. If you administered an acetylcholine-destroying drug directly into the brain of a rat, this might lead to mimicking symptoms of
32. epilepsy.
33. insomnia.
34. Parkinson's disease.
35. Huntington's disease.
36. Alzheimer's disease.
37. You read about a drug designed to release more dopamine from the synaptic terminals of certain brain neurons. Based on the drug's description, you know it was designed to fix synaptic function and thus alleviate
38. epilepsy.
39. insomnia.
40. Alzheimer's disease.
41. Huntington's disease.
42. Parkinson's disease.

30. The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the system.

1. somatic
2. autonomic
3. sympathetic
4. parasympathetic
5. None of the answer choices is correct.

31. You hear that a friend has had a traumatic injury to a part of their nervous system. The injury is interfering with nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of their body. There has been damage to the

1. motor neuron.
2. spinal cord.
3. sensory neuron.
4. brainstem.
5. medulla oblongata.
6. The nervous tissue in the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites and the synapses is the
7. white matter.
8. white corpuscles.

C. gray matter.

1. red corpuscles.
2. red matter.
3. The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the
4. white corpuscles.
5. gray matter.
6. red corpuscles.
7. red matter.
8. white matter.
9. The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs is the
10. cerebellum.
11. hypothalamus.
12. medulla oblongata.
13. pons.
14. cerebrum.
15. Even though a hydra only has a nerve net, not a central nervous system, it still has
16. synapses.
17. gray matter.
18. white matter.
19. an autonomic nervous system.
20. the same neurotransmitters as humans.

True / False Questions

1. The nervous system of a cat is more similar to the nervous system of a human than to the nervous system of a crayfish.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. You are examining a primitive vertebrate and want to determine whether the same part of its brain coordinates muscular movement as in the human brain, so you would do a surgical

experiment to disconnect the rest of the brain from the

1. cerebellum.
2. hypothalamus.
3. medulla oblongata.
4. pons.
5. cerebrum.
6. If you were asked to point to the site in the brain which controls automatic functions like breathing, you would point to the
7. cerebellum.
8. hypothalamus.
9. medulla oblongata.
10. pons.
11. cerebrum.
12. The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the
13. gray matter.
14. meninges.
15. white matter.
16. epidermis.
17. myelin sheaths.
18. Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?

A. Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane, initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

1. Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
2. Na+ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end, down the axon.
3. Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end, down the axon.

E. Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane, creating a wave that travels down the axon.

1. A neuron fires when Na+ ions

A. move down their concentration gradient by the process of facilitated diffusion.

1. are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
2. move against their concentration gradient spontaneously.
3. are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.

E. are released from an internal store.

1. A drug designed to stop neurons from recharging would block the step in which ions
2. are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
3. spontaneously move down their concentration gradient.
4. spontaneously move against their concentration gradient.
5. are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
6. are in the resting potential state.
7. Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression. Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?
8. Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse.
9. Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.
10. More serotonin would be released by the neuron.
11. Less serotonin would be released by the neuron.

E. The neuron would switch from serotonin to another neurotransmitter.

1. In a spinal cord injury, nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury. What part of the spinal cord was damaged if a person, who is paraplegic, can move their head, arm, neck, and hands, but not their abdomen or legs?
2. thoracic
3. cervical
4. lumbar
5. sacral
6. coccyx
7. In a spinal cord injury, nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury. What part of the spinal cord was damaged if a person, who is quadriplegic, can move their head and neck, but not their arms, abdomen, or legs?
8. thoracic
9. lumbar
10. cervical
11. sacral
12. coccyx
13. If a person has a stroke and their speech becomes impaired, which region of the brain will likely to be affected?
14. parietal lobe
15. frontal lobe
16. occipital lobe
17. temporal lobe
18. brainstem
19. Impaired vision after a blow to the head implies damage to the vision processing center in the brain. Which region of the brain controls vision
20. frontal lobe
21. parietal lobe
22. temporal lobe
23. occipital lobe
24. brainstem

True / False Questions

1. Damage to the pons would lead to problems with posture.

True False

1. The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary muscles involved in processes such as moving legs while consciously walking.

True False

1. Homeostasis could be disrupted by drugs which affected any of: sympathetic division, parasympathetic division, hypothalamus.

True False

51. A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

True False

52. A neuron must reach threshold potential before an action potential begins.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

53. If you were designing an artificial device to mimic a nerve involved in perceiving pressure, what kind of potential would the device need to mimic?

1. threshold potential
2. action potential
3. graded potential
4. both threshold and action potentials
5. both threshold and graded potentials

True / False Questions

54. Unmyelinated regions between adjacent myelin sheath cells are called synaptic clefts.

True False

55. The connection point between an interneuron and a motor neuron is a synapse.

True False

56. A graded potential allows for variable, rather than all-or-none responses, in neurons.

True False

57. During an action potential, sodium ions pour into the cell.

True False

58. The purpose of the nodes of Ranvier is to start nerve impulses.

True False

1. A nerve impulse does not spread backwards because of a refractory period in which the membrane reestablishes its resting potential and cannot generate another action potential.

True False

1. The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit different stimuli.

True False

1. Neurotransmitters released from a presynaptic cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

True False

1. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for "rest and repose" types of neural activities.

True False

1. Nicotine mimics acetlycholine which causes a release of dopamine.

True False

1. The midbrain responds to all involuntary movements.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The scorpion sting is described as one of the most painful stings. The pain is associated with the neurotoxins from the sting that cause the sodium channels to
2. remain open.
3. remain closed.
4. open and close repeatedly.
5. misfire.
6. None of the answer choices is correct.
7. Grasshopper mice are resistant to exhibiting pain from scorpion stings. This is due to the scorpion venom the action potential in the pain receptors.
8. activating
9. inhibiting
10. reestablishing
11. speeding up
12. slowing down