Ch19 Exam Prep Of Masses And Visions Of The Modern 1910 1939

a.

stylistic innovation.

b.

realism in art.

c.

mass production and consumption.

d.

strong, authoritarian leadership.

a.

Great Britain and Germany

b.

Great Britain and France

c.

France and Russia

d.

Russia and Great Britain

a.

European claims of a superior level of culture were supported by military victories.

b.

The interdependence of global trade networks intensified in the 1920s and 1930s.

c.

Social hierarchies in European societies were shaken up or overthrown.

d.

States were free to act without the support of their citizens or subjects.

a.

Fewer colonial soldiers were required since a high number of European men were called up.

b.

European food production to supply the military rapidly increased.

c.

Traditional gender boundaries were undermined.

d.

Unionized labor movements demanded higher wages.

a.

His generals believed that protests against the tsar in the capital threatened the war effort along the Eastern Front.

b.

His generals believed that the troops along the Eastern Front were needed to fight the Ottomans, but the Tsar did not agree.

c.

The Tsar abdicated because his son was desperately ill and needed his father’s care.

d.

The Tsar abdicated in protest over the failures of the Russian military against the German army.

a.

He envisioned a German-Russian counter-offensive against the Entente powers.

b.

He felt his priority was to defend the socialist revolution in Russia.

c.

He became sympathetic to the German monarchy’s war aims.

d.

He anticipated an imminent socialist revolution in Germany.

a.

The Bolshevik Revolution was an overthrow of the Russian monarchy.

b.

The Bolshevik Revolution was an attempt by military and political elites to restore order.

c.

The Bolshevik Revolution was proclaimed by socialists in order to overtake the earlier “bourgeois” revolution.

d.

The Bolshevik Revolution was initiated by the Ottomans in order to pull Russia out of World War I.

a.

The organization of a League of Nations

b.

The requirement that Germany pay reparations to the victorious Allied nations

c.

The assignment of blame for World War I to Germany

d.

The transfer of Germany’s concessions in China to Japan

a.

They organized an international congress to discuss the rights of colonial subjects.

b.

They granted greater local autonomy and authored a roadmap to full independence.

c.

They violently suppressed nationalist movements in their colonies.

d.

They instituted a renewed policy of salutary neglect.

a.

Germany was unable to suppress Triumph of the Will.

b.

Powerful radio transmitters permitted stations to reach larger national audiences.

c.

Jazz recordings were available in Germany and the Soviet Union.

d.

Josephine Baker was very popular after the war.

a.

The steel industry

b.

The railroad industry

c.

The shipping industry

d.

The advertising industry

a.

The state took greater control of economic decision making.

b.

Large amounts of standardized war materiel had to be produced as quickly and cheaply as possible.

c.

The development of economic nationalism was encouraged by the combatant states.

d.

Campaigns encouraged people to buy more goods in order to show their patriotism.

a.

High pay was the only way to entice workers to become cogs in a depersonalized labor process.

b.

Ford employed primarily veterans of World War I and saw high wages as his patriotic duty.

c.

Ford was influenced by modern socialist ideals.

d.

Ford understood that consumers drove production and wanted his workers to be able to consume.

a.

Abandoning the gold standard

b.

The rise of protectionism and decline of free trade

c.

The Soviet Union’s isolation from the League of Nations

d.

Low interest rates in the United States

a.

The role of business and economic production was to serve the interests of the state.

b.

Human nature was best served by an economy made up of many small producers in competition with one another.

c.

The ideal human society was one in which everyone contributed what they could and took what they needed.

d.

At times states needed to compensate for failures in the market by stimulating the economy with job creation and increasing the supply of currency.

a.

Manufacturers cut back on production and laid off millions of workers.

b.

Local industries and products were able to drive out foreign imports.

c.

The flow of trade was made easier within a hemisphere.

d.

The production of raw materials soared.

a.

It made them afraid of overstepping and causing another war.

b.

It led to an increase in the size and scope of their role in society.

c.

It encouraged them to cooperate more closely with one another after the war.

d.

It led to more autonomy for individual citizens and subjects.

a.

It instituted a forty-hour workweek, the right to collective bargaining, and a minimum wage.

b.

It called up the military in Paris to suppress riots.

c.

It ejected the French Communist Party from its national coalition.

d.

It made the fascist party illegal in France and reaffirmed its adherence to liberal capitalism.

a.

All states, even democracies, suspended many democratic rights and intervened in both production and consumption.

b.

Democratic states, such as Britain and France, held fast to liberal policies despite the war.

c.

The war and economic crises that followed led all states to reduce the scope of their control.

d.

In Russia, France, and Britain, liberal capitalism prevailed following the war.

a.

Revolutionary and exciting

b.

Established and successful

c.

Weak and vulnerable

d.

Incompetent and disastrous

a.

It created a jobs program to help the unemployed return to productivity.

b.

It expanded the role of the state to meet the economic crisis.

c.

It promoted more active participation in the League of Nations.

d.

It insisted on individual thrift and self-reliance, not government handouts.

a.

It offered a quick end to the Great Depression in the United States.

b.

It preserved the American system of capitalism.

c.

It caused the emergence of authoritarian rule in the United States.

d.

It generated an extensive redistribution of wealth in American society.

a.

All were defeated in World War I.

b.

All of them lost their colonies after the Versailles Treaty was signed.

c.

All were excluded from the League of Nations.

d.

All disliked the left-wing government that emerged in the Soviet Union.

a.

By replacing the market for agricultural products with a subsistence economy where everyone was responsible for growing their own food

b.

By requiring all farmers to sell their produce to state-run marketing cooperatives that would guarantee farmers a significant profit

c.

By forcing peasant farmers to join state-run agricultural collectives

d.

By making it illegal for anyone to profit from the sale of farm machinery or animals

a.

Terror

b.

Tacit support from church hierarchies

c.

Cooperation

d.

Bribery and corruption

a.

Large corporations and the capitalist system in which they participated

b.

The Italian monarchy and aristocracy

c.

Peasants, nonsocialist workers, veterans, students, and white-collar professionals

d.

Unionized factory workers and miners

a.

The Fascist Party achieved a large majority of the vote in national elections.

b.

The Fascist Party overthrew the Italian government in a violent coup d’état.

c.

Mussolini was appointed prime minister by the Italian king.

d.

He used intimidation tactics to force the prime minister to do his bidding.

a.

They refused to resort to force or public disturbances.

b.

They supported the Weimar Republic.

c.

They claimed success in restoring order and improving the economy.

d.

They nationalized agriculture and industry.

a.

The fascist parties claimed that they represented a glorious historical legacy.

b.

The fascists incorporated socialist and communist leaders into their ranks.

c.

The fascist parties supplanted the existing powerful institutions in favor of their own weaker ones.

d.

The fascist parties promised an end to all foreign wars.

a.

Both began their political careers as socialists.

b.

Neither won an electoral majority before being appointed to power.

c.

Both were appointed chancellor by their respective kings.

d.

Neither had actual military experience in World War I.

a.

The Korean rebellion against Japanese rule

b.

World War I ending

c.

Emperor Hirohito’s coming to power

d.

An uprising of naval officers and army cadets

a.

State-supported anti-Semitism

b.

A willingness to use violence and terror against their own citizens

c.

A willingness to allow private enterprises to manage themselves without state interference

d.

A refusal to allow public roles for women

a.

They created their own alternative international banking system.

b.

They worked to make domestic industry and consumption their main engine of economic growth.

c.

They withdrew from the world economy and became entirely self-sufficient.

d.

They convinced their citizens to accept a lower standard of living through an austerity program.

a.

He supported public schools and paved roads.

b.

He legalized candomblé dances and samba schools.

c.

He enfranchised literate women voters.

d.

He built steel mills and factories.

a.

A system in which the state limits itself to performing functions that private interests are unwilling or unable to carry out

b.

A system in which the state assumes complete control of economic activity and sets goals for the society as a whole

c.

A system in which large corporations control such a high percentage of national wealth that they are able to influence government policies and functions

d.

A system in which the state establishes political parties and encourages interest groups such as chambers of commerce and trade unions to associate with those parties

a.

use their indigenous cultural and religious traditions as sources for mobilization.

b.

use violent means to gain their independence from colonial rule.

c.

use local religions as a template that could lead to a better form of government.

d.

rely on indigenous prophetic movements to oppose colonial control.

a.

Blaise Diagne

b.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

c.

Jomo Kenyatta

d.

Bambatha Zondi

a.

Africans had a significant voice in colonial administration and governance.

b.

People of African descent were often elected to the legislative bodies of their colonizer.

c.

African traditions provided the templates that Europeans used to rule their colonies.

d.

Africans had little voice in colonial governance and made their opinions known through protest.

a.

Jawaharlal Nehru

b.

Mohandas K. Gandhi

c.

Mohammad Ali Jinnah

d.

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

a.

Indians joined forces with other colonized peoples in Africa and Asia to wage war against all Western domination.

b.

Indians cooperated with British rule to prove that they were ready for self-government.

c.

Indians supported the actions of educated elite lawyers and merchants in the Indian National Congress.

d.

Indians boycotted British goods, refused to pay taxes, and refused to send their children to British schools.

a.

A philosophy of nonviolent resistance

b.

A philosophy of self-reliance

c.

An Indian epic poem

d.

A dance with martial overtones that upset authorities

a.

Salt, a government monopoly, symbolized Indians’ subjugation to British rule.

b.

Salt was easy to make in India and so it would not be difficult to replace British sources.

c.

The British were not as heavily invested in the salt trade as they were in tea and opium production.

d.

The British would likely react more leniently to civil disobedience if its purpose was to collect salt for personal use.

a.

Nehru advocated for the creation of a separate Muslim state.

b.

Nehru believed that India needed to embrace science and technology to develop as a modern nation.

c.

Nehru wanted a revolution, not peaceful protests.

d.

Nehru backed the industrial proletariat and class consciousness as the motivation for resistance.

a.

Opposition from the Guomindang

b.

Opposition from Chiang Kai-shek

c.

Factional and regional conflicts

d.

Lack of support from the military or rural elites

a.

Replacing the sultanate with a republic

b.

Reinforcing the role of Islam in law and politics

c.

Putting a Swiss legal code into place

d.

Instituting Western-style dress codes for Turkish public life

a.

A communist party initiative to radicalize peasants

b.

A peasant uprising meant to rid the countryside of Christian missionaries

c.

A peasant-supported band of armed men who robbed the rich to give to the poor to restore justice

d.

Chiang Kai-shek’s plan to instill moral purpose and discipline in the Chinese public

a.

The anticolonial model

b.

The authoritarian model

c.

The hybrid corporatist model

d.

The liberal democratic model

a.

The Muslim Brotherhood wanted to use the nation-state as a means of returning to a pure form of Islam, while the Wafd was primarily a secular nationalist group.

b.

The Muslim Brotherhood advocated using Western weapons as they undertook a traditional Islamic holy war, while the Wafd wanted to use civil disobedience to achieve their goals.

c.

The Wafd was a peasant group, while the Muslim Brotherhood was composed of merchants and military leaders.

d.

The Wafd argued that Egypt should embrace liberal capitalism, while the Muslim Brotherhood supported socialism.

a.

Stigmatization of an “other”

b.

Conformity of belief

c.

Isolation of the individual

d.

Widespread terror

a.

It celebrates the gender inclusiveness of the assembly line.

b.

It celebrates the ethnic diversity of the assembly line.

c.

It laments the spread of bourgeois values among the workers.

d.

It laments the alienation of the workers’ labor.