Ch.18 An Unsettled World 1890 1914 Complete Test Bank

a.

Increasing anticolonial sentiments

b.

Global labor migration

c.

Increasing economic inequality despite growth in production

d.

Urbanization and industrialization

a.

Reliance on free trade ideology to justify economic expansionism

b.

Reliance on a gold standard

c.

An unequal relationship between the industrialized world and the nonindustrialized world

d.

The growth of long-distance overland trade routes

a.

The commercial centers of Western Europe, where they could work as bankers

b.

Other British colonies, where they could work as laborers

c.

Port cities, where they established new trading houses

d.

Gold rushes in California and Brazil, where they profited from mining

a.

Expulsion of dissidents by the Qing government

b.

Population pressure and a shortage of cultivatable land

c.

Promises of freedom from oppressive rule

d.

The one-child policy

a.

Laboring on plantations

b.

Ethnic cleansing

c.

Religious pilgrimages

d.

Factory jobs in urban centers

a.

The development of growth boundaries surrounding urban areas

b.

Limits on the number of new migrants to cities

c.

Better sanitation and cultural amenities like museums and opera houses

d.

Suburban-style developments created to house members of the working classes

a.

Colonies where Europeans ruled autocratically

b.

Colonies in which Europeans had conquered African peoples, regardless of the manner in which Europeans ruled

c.

Colonies where Europeans left African traditional leadership in place

d.

Colonies where the arrival of railroads and telegraph lines bisected traditional ethnic boundaries

a.

It was the only such war to win autonomy from a European power before World War II.

b.

It was the only avowedly Marxist anticolonial struggle in this period.

c.

It was the only anticolonial war in which two white regimes were the main combatants.

d.

It was the only anticolonial war to make Europeans increase their investment in colonialism.

a.

Concentration camps and guerrilla campaigns

b.

Machine guns and cavalry

c.

Poison gas and machine guns

d.

Spotter balloons and guerrilla campaigns

a.

Withdrawal from their African colonies

b.

Extermination orders against the Herero

c.

Poisonous gas

d.

A negotiated truce

a.

The specific situation that had led to the unrest was an exception to the enlightened rule of most European countries.

b.

European countries should grant their colonies independence as soon as the people were ready to assume self-government.

c.

African colonial subjects were too difficult to continue to control.

d.

Colonial subjects had been enthralled by hostile religious leaders.

a.

The Sino-Japanese War

b.

The Maji Maji Revolt

c.

The Self-Strengthening Movement

d.

The Taiping Rebellion

a.

Both were composed primarily of Chinese scholar elites.

b.

Both included a pro-Christian component in their ideology.

c.

Both responded to hardship and poor economic conditions in China.

d.

Both remained loyal to the Qing and vented their anger against foreigners.

a.

Ending foot binding

b.

Forcing all publications to be printed in English

c.

Imposing Western-style music

d.

Support for Christian missionaries

a.

Their scholarly and theological accomplishments complemented the Boxers’ martial skill.

b.

Their purity and loyalty to the Boxers’ cause seemed to counteract the threat posed by Christianity.

c.

Their contacts with the Qing ruling family enhanced the Boxers’ access to resources.

d.

Their relationships with Christian missionaries helped the Boxers to target foreigners.

a.

Decreasing disparities in accumulated wealth

b.

Decreasing the number of agrarian poor

c.

Acceleration of economic boom-and-bust cycles

d.

Many small producers competing with each other

a.

Many economists and politicians wanted the state to manage national economies.

b.

Many economists and politicians wanted a return to truly free markets.

c.

International financial integration decreased.

d.

Decreasing support for zaibatsu

a.

It proved that government regulation did not work.

b.

American investors fled U.S. banks and turned to Europe as a place to invest their funds.

c.

Investment in railroads declined drastically.

d.

It showed how quickly national financial matters could become international affairs.

a.

Farmers

b.

Financiers

c.

Laborers

d.

Women

a.

The cult of domesticity

b.

The movement of more women into the paid labor force

c.

The Red Lantern movement

d.

The participation of large numbers of women in electoral politics

a.

Increasing political rights in Europe and increasing work burdens in European colonies

b.

Decreasing access to the labor market in Europe and increasing labor mobility in European colonies

c.

Increasing fertility rates in Europe and decreasing civic responsibilities in European colonies

d.

Increasing of “separate spheres” between genders and decreasing of “separate spheres” between genders

a.

Colonial laws prohibited sati and female genital mutilation.

b.

Colonial laws required equal pay for women employed in plantation agriculture.

c.

Women had equal access to education in missionary and colonial schools.

d.

Women were freed from homesteading chores when African gold and silver mines opened.

a.

Violent revolution and overthrow of repressive governments

b.

The growth of labor parties to participate in electoral politics

c.

Reinforcement of autocratic political systems

d.

The rise of anarchism as a major political force

a.

Emphasis on preserving racial hierarchy in the Mexican population

b.

The development of new national myths based on the bravery of the creole elite

c.

Ideological appeals made to the Mexican middle class

d.

The creation of communal landholdings for Mexican peasants

a.

It transformed the country and forced later politicians to respect peasants’ rights and land reform.

b.

The country finally threw off colonial control and joined the other independent nations in Latin America.

c.

The economic strength of Mexican ranchers was left intact, while more political power was given to the middle classes.

d.

Peasants gained complete control of the economy and political system after purging the rich landowners.

a.

Anti-imperial social movements in Europe halted the spread of new colonies.

b.

Peasant uprisings in Brazil led to increased local autonomy.

c.

The emergence of a durable Socialist party restructured politics in the United States.

d.

Journalistic attention to unhygienic consumer products prompted new government regulations.

a.

Recognizing cultural diversity and the protection of workers’ ways of life

b.

Protesting colonial rule and promoting independence for the world’s peoples

c.

Creating a more efficient society and correcting the undesirable outcomes of urbanization and industrialization

d.

Encouraging industrial progress and developing financial centralization

a.

By infiltrating radical groups with secret state agents

b.

By enacting social welfare measures

c.

By deporting known pro-revolutionary activists to Russia

d.

By starting his own revolution and overthrowing the Kaiser

a.

Intellectuals, artists, and scientists sensed that traditional answers were no longer adequate to explain the changes in society.

b.

Confidence that nineteenth-century economic and social progress would extend into the twentieth century.

c.

Enlightenment ideals and trust in reason were extended into a new intellectual environment.

d.

Intellectuals were unwilling to look beyond Europe for cultural and intellectual inspiration.

a.

Opera

b.

Novels

c.

Sports

d.

Dancing

a.

Modernist scientists believed they had found the key to controlling nature.

b.

Modernist scientists thought in terms of probabilities rather than certainties.

c.

Modernist scientists relied more on received tradition than had Enlightenment scientists.

d.

Modernist scientists found their inspiration within the theories of Newton and Galileo.

a.

the decline of institutions such as art museums and opera houses.

b.

increased cultural unity, as everyone read the same books and newspapers.

c.

the growth of the fashion industry.

d.

the use of cultural choices to assert social or class identity.

a.

Forces that reason could not control

b.

The diversity of nature

c.

Repression of sexual desire

d.

The triumph of the Enlightenment

a.

Whether to support the Boxer Rebellion

b.

How to blend popular culture with elite culture

c.

How to reduce emigration from China

d.

How to balance Western thought and traditional Chinese culture

a.

Westerners, because of immigration, became more comfortable with multiethnic societies, while people in other parts of the world were drawn more to define themselves in terms of racial and ethnic purity.

b.

Westerners were increasingly concerned with protecting their national and racial purity, while discussions of identity in other parts of the world were part of the opposition to Western domination.

c.

Westerners became increasingly fascinated with their own racial identity and cultural past, while people in Africa and Asia maintained their own sense of racial identity but were drawn to Western culture, which they felt was more modern.

d.

Westerners rejected ethnic nationalism as unworkable in the modern world, but people in Africa and Asia clung to nationalism as a way to reject colonization.

a.

The Chinese Exclusion Act in the United States

b.

The Japanese Exclusion Act in Canada

c.

The German Exclusion Act in France

d.

The Korean Exclusion Act in China

a.

Increased immigration from Central and South America

b.

The growth of cities

c.

The 1890 census announcement about the closing of the American frontier

d.

Increasing industrialization

a.

The expulsion of Mexican Americans from the southwestern United States

b.

Increased support for more restrictive immigration policies

c.

The closing of the frontiers to new immigrants

d.

Increased support for more immigrants from southern and eastern Europe

a.

Increased anti-American sentiment

b.

Greater government regulation of foreign banks

c.

The spread of the franchise to the working class

d.

The growth of anti-Semitic thought and behavior

a.

Theories of evolution that implied all humans had shared origins

b.

The growth of industries that valued cheap Amerindian labor over higher-priced European labor

c.

The arrival to the region of large numbers of poor immigrants from Europe

d.

The growth of a large, wealthy class of mestizo entrepreneurs

a.

Han Chinese nationalism

b.

The modernization of the Qing military establishment

c.

The strength of China’s multinational, multicultural population

d.

Communist political philosophy

a.

Manchu military victories

b.

The Qing court’s refusal to admit that reforms were needed

c.

Peasants and laborers resented the high cost of reform

d.

Direct intervention by European military forces

a.

China would be made stronger by having different groups, such as the Tibetans or Muslims, as part of their society.

b.

It showed incomplete assimilation into Han culture.

c.

Chinese nationalism was based on expelling the Manchus while accepting all other peoples within China’s borders.

d.

It showed that the Manchus had failed to completely conquer China.

a.

They turned to universalizing religion to create a common bond.

b.

They rewrote the histories of ancient empires and kingdoms to create a cultural basis for national identity.

c.

They created a new literary tradition in indigenous languages.

d.

They disavowed all Western education and returned to traditional forms of knowledge.

a.

They set up schools to ensure that Indians of all classes could read and understand important documents such as the Jamaica Letter.

b.

They created a unifying national language and religion so all Indians could concentrate on expelling the British.

c.

They facilitated the spread of nationalist ideas throughout British India by creating modern cultural forms such as newspapers, pamphlets, and journals.

d.

They popularized and translated into Hindi and Urdu stories about Western heroes of independence such as Rob Roy and William Tell.

a.

The nationalist leaders imagined an Indian national community that encompassed the whole of British India rather than defending local identities.

b.

The nationalists’ anarchic beliefs meant that their actions could not often be predicted.

c.

The nationalists had much stronger ties to India’s peasant majority than had the 1857 rebels.

d.

The nationalists relied on religious symbolism, which the 1857 rebels had ignored.

a.

To withdraw from political concerns and focus on their religious activities

b.

To support the multiethnic empires in which they lived

c.

To create nation-states with majority Muslim populations

d.

To put aside differences between Shiite and Sunni and work against European aggression

a.

German nationalism rejected the inclusion of German-speaking people outside of Prussian national borders, but all German-speakers were included in pan-Germanism.

b.

German nationalism, unlike pan-Germanism, created a vibrant political and social movement.

c.

Pan-Germanism motivated people to define their identity by race or blood instead of national boundaries.

d.

Pan-Germanism only existed in eastern Europe, in areas not under the control of the German state.

a.

To promote a return to a traditional separation of spheres between men and women.

b.

To argue that male superiority over women is a social construction.

c.

Sojourner Truth depicts religion as a burden to be shed, while al-Badiya sees it as a source of inspiration.

d.

Sojourner Truth shows that religion only undermines female empowerment, while al-Badiya shows that it promotes gender equality.

a.

It shows the rejection of foreign influences in China.

b.

It reveals the abandonment of outdated Chinese traditions.

c.

It incorporates the psychological theory of Sigmund Freud.

d.

It blends Chinese conventions with new artistic currents.