Ch18 | Development & Aging – Complete Test Bank – 16e

View Product website:

https://selldocx.com/docx/ch18-development-aging-complete-test-bank-16e-1411

Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 18 Development and Aging

1) Which of the following is associated with the egg?

A) corona radiata

B) zona pellucida

C) cortical granule

D) fertilization membrane

E) All of the answer choices are associated with the egg. 

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) Describe the steps of fertilizing an egg cell.

1. Sperm makes its way through the corona radiata.

2. Acrosomal enzymes digest a portion of zona pellucida.

3. Sperm binds to and fuses with oocyte plasma membrane.

4. Sperm nucleus enters cytoplasm of oocyte.

5. Cortical granules release enzymes; zona pellucida becomes fertilization membrane.

6. Sperm and egg pronuclei are enclosed in a nuclear envelope.

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3) Which of the following gives the correct order of layers the sperm crosses when entering the egg?

A) corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane

B) zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane, corona radiata

C) oocyte plasma membrane, corona radiata, zona pellucida

D) corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane, zona pellucida

E) zona pellucida, corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) During fertilization, several sperm penetrate the corona radiata.

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5) Where are the mitochondria located in the sperm?

A) tail

B) middle piece

C) head

D) nucleus

E) cell membrane

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6) The adhering follicular cells that surround the egg are called the

A) pronuclei.

B) zona pellucida.

C) corona radiata.

D) cortical granule cells.

E) outer cell mass.

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) Which part of the sperm contains the chromosomes?

A) tail

B) middle piece

C) head

D) cell membrane

E) flagella

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8) Once the cortical granules release their enzymes, the corona radiata becomes the fertilization membrane.

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9) Which of the following is involved in the prevention of polyspermy?

A) acrosome of the sperm

B) depolarization of the egg's plasma membrane

C) fusion of the sperm and egg nucleus

D) changes within the corona radiata

E) the number of chromosomes contained within the sperm

Section: 18.01

Topic: Fertilization

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.01.01 Describe the steps in the fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) Which of the following occurs during the embryonic stage of development?

A) chorion appears

B) nose, eyes, and ears become noticeable

C) testes descend into the scrotum

D) heartbeat can be heard

E) fingernails appear

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) Describe what occurs during cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation.

Growth is accompanied by an increase in size of the daughter cells.

Morphogenesis refers to the shaping of the embryo due to the movements of various cells.

Differentiation is when the cells take on specific structure and functions. 

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 18.02.01 Recognize how cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation all play a role in development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) At the end of the embryonic period, the embryo is about 12 inches long.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13) The nervous system develops enough to permit reflex actions during which period of development?

A) pre-embryonic

B) embryonic, weeks 6–8

C) fetal, months 3–4

D) embryonic, weeks 2–3

E) embryonic, weeks 4–5

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) When does the heart begin to develop?

A) week 1

B) week 3

C) week 5

D) week 7

E) week 9

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) Embryonic development begins with

A) fertilization.

B) the first cell division.

C) the development of the blastocyst.

D) implantation.

E) gastrulation.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16) Which of these is associated with pre-embryonic development?

A) morula

B) embryonic disk

C) gastrulation

D) primary germ layers

E) formation of the umbilical cord

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) The nervous system is to the ectoderm as the skeleton is to the

A) mesoderm.

B) endoderm.

C) chorion.

D) allantois.

E) blastula.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 18.02.03 Identify the organ systems that are formed from each of the primary germ layers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18) At what point during development does the embryo form three germ layers?

A) when it begins cleavage

B) when the nervous system develops

C) when it forms the gastrula

D) when it forms the inner cell mass

E) when it becomes recognizable as human

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.02.03 Identify the organ systems that are formed from each of the primary germ layers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) The embryonic disk becomes the inner cell mass after gastrulation.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) When cells take on specific structure and function, this is called

A) cleavage.

B) growth.

C) morphogenesis.

D) differentiation.

E) fertilization.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.01 Recognize how cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation all play a role in development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) The first system in the body to become visibly differentiated during development is the

A) digestive system.

B) cardiovascular system.

C) respiratory system.

D) nervous system.

E) reproductive system.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) An embryo at the 4-cell stage of development is almost twice the size of an embryo at the 2-cell stage of development.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.01 Recognize how cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation all play a role in development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23) When cells begin to move in the embryo in relation to other cells, this is called

A) cleavage.

B) growth.

C) morphogenesis.

D) differentiation.

E) fertilization.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.01 Recognize how cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation all play a role in development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24) The names of the extraembryonic membranes are derived from their function in animals that produce shelled eggs.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.02.02 Identify the extraembryonic membranes and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25) The yolk sac of the chick provides nutrients to the developing embryo. What structure serves the same role in humans?

A) chorion

B) allantois

C) yolk sac

D) amnion

E) zona pellucida

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.02 Identify the extraembryonic membranes and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) The amnion is to the amniotic fluid as the allantois is to the

A) blood cell precursors.

B) chorionic villi.

C) umbilical blood vessels.

D) amniotic cavity.

E) yolk.

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.02.02 Identify the extraembryonic membranes and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) The ________ is the first embryonic membrane to appear, and it is the first site of ________.

A) amnion; umbilical cord formation

B) yolk sac; placenta development

C) chorion; neural system development

D) allantois; amniotic fluid formation

E) yolk sac; blood cell formation

Section: 18.02

Topic: Human Embryonic Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.02.04 Summarize the key events that occur at each stage of pre-embryonic and embryonic development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28) The blood of the mother and the fetus mix in the placenta.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.03.02 Describe the flow of blood in a fetus and explain the role of the placenta.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29) What structure produces progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy?

A) placenta

B) hypothalamus

C) anterior pituitary

D) posterior pituitary

E) ovaries

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.03.01 State the roles of progesterone and estrogen in fetal development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) Does a woman ovulate during pregnancy? Why or why not?

A) No, because she doesn't have any more follicles in the ovaries.

B) No, because negative feedback on the hypothalamus prevents new follicles from maturing.

C) No, because the developing embryo prevents any new blastulas from implanting.

D) Yes, because the uterine cycle continues to function.

E) Yes, because the ovarian cycle continues to function.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 18.03.01 State the roles of progesterone and estrogen in fetal development.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) Most birth defects are due to the inheritance of an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) Which of the following would be considered a poor health practice for a woman planning to get pregnant or already pregnant?

A) updating all vaccinations

B) treating all sexually transmitted diseases

C) obtaining more folic acid

D) eating enough to feed two people

E) moderate exercise

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33) Which of the following is present in the fetus but not in an adult human?

A) ductus arteriosus

B) pulmonary vein

C) left atrium

D) superior vena cava

E) internal iliac artery

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.03.02 Describe the flow of blood in a fetus and explain the role of the placenta.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) The umbilical arteries carry

A) oxygen-rich blood to the developing fetus.

B) oxygen-rich blood to the placenta.

C) oxygen-poor blood to the developing fetus.

D) oxygen-poor blood to the placenta.

E) oxygen-rich blood to the mother.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.03.02 Describe the flow of blood in a fetus and explain the role of the placenta.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35) How are the pulmonary veins and the umbilical veins similar?

A) They are both present in an adult human.

B) They both carry blood to the lungs.

C) They both connect to the superior vena cava.

D) They both carry oxygen-rich blood.

E) They both connect to the placenta.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.03.02 Describe the flow of blood in a fetus and explain the role of the placenta.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36) When does the mother first begin to feel the fetus move?

A) 1–2 months

B) 3–4 months

C) 5–7 months

D) 7–9 months

E) 1–4 weeks

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) The white, greasy, cheeselike substance that covers the fetus's skin is called

A) lanugo.

B) fontanels.

C) vernix caseosa.

D) foramen ovale.

E) ductus arteriosus.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Fetal development includes the third through ninth months of development.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39) Which of the following is true concerning the fetus during the third month of development?

A) The nose, eyes, and ears are present.

B) Fingernails, nipples, eyelashes, eyebrows, and hair on the head appear.

C) Head growth slows down as the rest of the body increases in length.

D) It is possible to distinguish males from females.

E) All of the answer choices occur during the third month of fetal development.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.03.03 Summarize the major events in the development of the fetus from 3 to 9 months.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40) Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Stage 2 is when the uterine contractions increase in frequency and force. The baby's head will descend into the vagina. As the head is delivered, the rest of the baby will follow.

Stage 3 is when the placenta is delivered. Uterine muscular contractions shrink the size of the uterus and cause the placenta to be dislodged and expelled through the vagina.

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) The sex of an individual is determined at the moment of fertilization.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.03.04 Explain the process by which the male and female reproductive organs develop.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) Which of the following develops into the male genital ducts?

A) epididymis

B) urogenital groove

C) cloaca

D) Mullerian ducts

E) Wolffian ducts

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.03.04 Explain the process by which the male and female reproductive organs develop.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) If a fetus contains an X and a Y chromosome but a defective SRY gene, they will develop

A) into an anatomical female because testosterone is not present.

B) into an anatomical male because testosterone is not present.

C) into an anatomical female because testosterone is present.

D) into an anatomical male because testosterone is present.

E) into a hermaphrodite due to the presence of estrogen and testosterone.

Section: 18.03

Topic: Human Fetal Development

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 18.03.04 Explain the process by which the male and female reproductive organs develop.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44) Which of the following is an effect of progesterone?

A) relaxation of smooth muscle

B) reduced uterine motility

C) reduced maternal immune response to fetus

D) low blood pressure

E) All of the answer choices are effects of progesterone. 

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.04.01 Explain the influence of progesterone and estrogen on female physiology during pregnancy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45) Which of the following problems is associated with pregnancy?

A) lordosis

B) lower back pain

C) gastrointestinal reflux

D) incontinence

E) All of the answer choices are problems associated with pregnancy. 

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.04.01 Explain the influence of progesterone and estrogen on female physiology during pregnancy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) Why would you predict that the blood carbon dioxide levels in a pregnant woman would fall?

A) She has trouble breathing due to the expanding uterus.

B) The fetus is removing carbon dioxide from her blood.

C) The maternal oxygen levels are also falling.

D) Pregnancy creates a favorable concentration gradient between the fetal and maternal blood.

E) The bronchial tubes relax.

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 18.04.01 Explain the influence of progesterone and estrogen on female physiology during pregnancy.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47) What occurs during stage 3 of labor?

A) The cervix dilates.

B) The baby is born.

C) Effacement occurs.

D) The amniotic sac ruptures.

E) The placenta is expelled.

Section: 18.04

Topic: Human Reproductive System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Estrogen is responsible for the onset and continuation of labor.

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49) When the uterus begins to contract, it is almost time for the baby to be born.

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) Which of the following occurs prior to or during stage 1 of labor?

A) bloody show

B) effacement

C) uterine contractions

D) breaking water

E) All of the answer choices happen prior or during stage I of labor. 

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51) Sheila is experiencing contractions every 15 to 20 minutes that last for 40 seconds or longer. Is she in labor?

Section: 18.04

Topic: Pregnancy and Birth

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 18.04.02 Summarize the events that occur during each stage of birth.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) Development ceases at birth.

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.05.01 Summarize the hypotheses on why humans age.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) Which of the following defines "aging"?

A) progressive changes from infancy until death

B) the loss of function of various body systems

C) the onset of sexual maturity

D) the development of disease or disability

E) the failure to thrive

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 18.05.01 Summarize the hypotheses on why humans age.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54) Which hypothesis of aging involves mitochondria?

A) gene damage by free radicals

B) whole-body process

C) extrinsic factors

D) damage accumulation

E) external factors

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.05.01 Summarize the hypotheses on why humans age.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55) Which of the following skin changes is associated with growing older?

A) Pigmented blotches appear on the skin.

B) There is less adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer.

C) The number of elastic fibers decreases.

D) There are fewer sweat glands for sweating to occur.

E) All of the answer choices are changes in the skin associated with growing older. 

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.05.02 Summarize the effects of aging on the organ systems of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56) Which of the following statements is related to a decrease in blood flow?

A) Males become infertile.

B) Females undergo menopause.

C) Ventilation of the lungs is reduced.

D) The liver does not metabolize drugs as efficiently as before.

E) The homeostatic adjustment to heat is limited.

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 18.05.02 Summarize the effects of aging on the organ systems of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57) The number of neural cells in the cerebral cortex decreases during the aging process.

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 18.05.02 Summarize the effects of aging on the organ systems of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58) How do males and females differ as they age?  

A) Females undergo menopause, but males do not undergo any changes in their reproductive hormone levels.

B) Males can continue to produce sperm until death, but females do not continue to produce eggs.

C) Males develop urinary incontinence, but females do not.

D) Males lose skeletal muscle mass, but females tend to gain muscle mass.

E) Females dehydrate faster than males do.

Section: 18.05

Topic: Human Development and Aging

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 18.05.02 Summarize the effects of aging on the organ systems of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation