Ch20 Cancer – Test Bank | 16th Edition

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Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 20 Cancer

1) Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells?

A) Cancer cells lack differentiation.

B) Cancer cells have abnormal nuclei.

C) Cancer cells have an unlimited potential to replicate.

D) Cancer cells form tumors.

E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of cancer cells. 

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) List the characteristics of cancer cells that make them different from noncancer cells.

1. Cancer cells lack differentiation.

2. Cancer cells have abnormal nuclei.

3. Cancer cells have unlimited potential to replicate.

4. Cancer cells form tumors.

5. Cancer cells disregard growth factors.

6. Cancer cells undergo angiogenesis and metastasis.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3) The ends of chromosomes in human cells are "capped" with special repetitive DNA sequences called

A) radiata.

B) telomeres.

C) centromeres.

D) oncogenes.

E) suppressor genes.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Chromosome Structure

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) Contact inhibition means that

A) there are more chromosomes within the nucleus than there should be.

B) cells are able to divide without the presence of stimulatory growth factors.

C) cells only divide a certain specified number of times and then quit.

D) when cells come in contact with a neighbor, they stop dividing.

E) cells have gained the ability to invade lymphatic and blood vessels.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5) Cancer is a single disease that affects one in three Americans.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6) Which of the following is considered to be a stage of carcinogenesis?

A) initiation

B) promotion

C) progression

D) angiogenesis

E) All of the answer choices are stages of carcinogenesis.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) A benign tumor is not dangerous because it cannot metastasize.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8) Which of the following characteristics is associated with metastasis?

A) The internal cytoskeleton is disorganized.

B) The cancer cells lack intact actin filament bundles.

C) Invasive cancer cells are abnormally shaped.

D) Cancer cells produce proteinase enzymes.

E) All of the answer choices are features of metastasis.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 20.01.01 Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9) Proto-oncogenes

A) code for proteins that promote the cell cycle.

B) promote apoptosis.

C) become tumor suppressor genes when mutated.

D) are considered "loss-of-function" mutations.

E) code for angiogenic growth factors.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cell Cycle

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.02 Distinguish between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene with regard to their effects on the cell cycle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) Which of the following is a type of proto-oncogene?

A) the gene for cyclin D

B) growth factor receptor genes

C) the gene that codes for Ras proteins

D) growth factor genes

E) All of the answer choices are proto-oncogenes.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cell Cycle

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 20.01.02 Distinguish between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene with regard to their effects on the cell cycle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) Tumor suppressor genes are often likened to the gas pedal of a car.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cell Cycle

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.02 Distinguish between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene with regard to their effects on the cell cycle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) If a tumor suppressor gene becomes mutated, which of the following is not true?

A) Apoptosis is less likely to occur.

B) The cell cycle continues when it should not.

C) A "gain-of-function" mutation has occurred.

D) Genes that encode enzymes that repair DNA are not turned on.

E) Genes that inhibit the cell cycle are not turned on.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cell Cycle

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 20.01.02 Distinguish between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene with regard to their effects on the cell cycle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13) How many Americans will deal with cancer in their lifetime?

A) one in two

B) one in three

C) one in four

D) one in five

E) None of the answer choices is correct. 

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) Cancers of epithelial tissues are called

A) leukemias.

B) sarcomas.

C) carcinomas.

D) lymphomas.

E) blastomas.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) What is the most common cancer found in males?

A) colon and rectum

B) urinary and bladder

C) melanoma of the skin

D) oral cavity

E) prostate

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16) What type of cancer causes the most deaths in males?

A) prostate

B) lung and bronchus

C) colon and rectum

D) pancreas

E) esophagus

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) Hodgkin lymphomas develop from

A) cells of the liver and spleen.

B) all types of white blood cells.

C) B or T cells.

D) mutated B cells.

E) bladder epithelial cells.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18) Which is responsible for more cancer deaths in women: breast, colon and rectum, pancreas, or ovary?

A) breast

B) colon and rectum

C) pancreas

D) ovary

E) All of the answer choices are equally responsible for cancer deaths in women.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) Which accounts for more cancer deaths in males: bladder, pancreas, esophagus, or prostate?

A) bladder

B) pancreas

C) esophagus

D) prostate

E) All of the answer choices are equally accountable for cancer deaths in males.

Section: 20.01

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.01.03 Identify the common types of cancers and the body system with which each is associated.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) Both heredity and environmental risk factors come into play in the development of cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) If someone has no genetic predisposition to cancer, then environmental exposure to carcinogens will not cause them to develop cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) What was the name of the first gene associated with breast cancer?

A) RB

B) RET

C) p53

D) cyclin D

E) BRCA1

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.02.02 Identify the genetic mechanisms of select forms of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23) Which of the following factors can lead to cancer?

A) radiation

B) BRCA1 gene

C) tobacco smoke

D) radon gas

E) All of the answer choices can lead to cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24) If you only inherit one mutated copy of BRCA1 and the other copy is normal, you will not develop breast cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.02.02 Identify the genetic mechanisms of select forms of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25) What do BRCA1 and p53 have in common?

A) Both cause breast cancer.

B) Both cause eye cancers.

C) Both are oncogenes.

D) Both are tumor suppressors.

E) Both are inherited as autosomal dominant traits.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 20.02.02 Identify the genetic mechanisms of select forms of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) In the case of a proto-oncogene like Ras, both copies of the gene must be mutated to increase a predisposition to cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.01.02 Distinguish between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene with regard to their effects on the cell cycle.; 20.02.02 Identify the genetic mechanisms of select forms of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) A carcinogen is also a mutagen.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28) Which of the following produces ionizing radiation?

A) radon gas

B) nuclear fuel

C) X-rays

D) None of the answer choices are ionizing radiation.

E) All of the answer choices are forms of ionizing radiation. 

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29) Thus far no evidence has been found that nonionizing radiation, such as the energy given off by cell phones, causes cancer.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) Which of the following is not found in tobacco smoke?

A) vinyl chloride

B) N-nitrosonornicotine

C) asbestos

D) benzo[a]pyrene

E) mutagens

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) Epstein-Barr virus is routinely isolated from cases of cervical cancers.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.02.01 Explain how heredity and the environment may both contribute to cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) Which of the following dietary changes will reduce your risk of developing cancer?

A) Decrease your consumption of dark green, leafy vegetables; carrots; and various fruits.

B) Avoid exercise.

C) Drink alcohol excessively.

D) Consume a large amount of ham and sausage.

E) Increase your consumption of high-fiber foods.

Section: 20.02

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 20.02.03 Summarize how protective behaviors and diet can help prevent cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33) Which of the following is one of the seven warning signs of cancer?

A) a cut that bleeds

B) regular bowel or bladder habits

C) thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

D) indigestion after eating spicy food

E) the presence of any wart or mole

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.01 List the seven warning signs of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) The earlier a cancer is detected, the more likely it can be effectively treated.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.03.01 List the seven warning signs of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35) Currently most cancers are diagnosed before metastasis.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.01 List the seven warning signs of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36) The American Cancer Society publicizes seven warning signals, which spell out the word CAUTION. The "C" in CAUTION stands for change in

A) skin coloring.

B) bowel or bladder habits.

C) sensitivity to heat or cold.

D) sleep habits.

E) eating habits.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.03.01 List the seven warning signs of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) If you have one of the seven warning signals in CAUTION, this means that you have cancer.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.01 List the seven warning signs of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39) A mole becomes suspicious when it is greater than 6 mm in diameter. How big is 6 mm approximately?

A) just barely visible, about the size of a pin prick

B) about the same as one of the letters in this question

C) about the size of a pencil eraser

D) about the size of a nickel

E) about the size of a quarter

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40) A Pap test looks for what type of cancer?

A) skin cancer

B) esophageal cancer

C) bladder cancer

D) cervical cancer

E) colon cancer

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) Which of the following tests is used to screen for colon cancer?

A) digital examination

B) flexible sigmoidoscopy

C) fecal occult blood test

D) double-contrast barium enema

E) All of the answer choices look for colon cancer. 

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) If you receive the new vaccine against HPV, then you do not need to get Pap tests anymore.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) How often should a woman do a shower self-examination of her breasts for lumps, knots, or changes?

A) once a month

B) daily

C) once a week

D) once every six months

E) once a year

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44) Which type of test is particularly useful in analyzing tumors in tissues surrounded by bone?

A) x-ray

B) CAT scan

C) MRI

D) PSA

E) Pap test

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45) Which two tests are done for prostate cancer?

A) mammography, fecal occult blood test

B) digital rectal examination, Pap test

C) PSA, testicle self-examination

D) digital rectal examination, PSA

E) testicle self-examination, fecal occult blood test

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) At what age should screening for colorectal cancer begin?

A) in the 20s

B) in the 30s

C) in the 40s

D) in the 50s

E) in the 60s

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47) What type of test is a CEA test?

A) self-examination

B) a type of prostate cancer test

C) a type of cervical cancer test

D) a genetic test

E) a tumor marker test

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) What type of screening test could be used to determine the likelihood that someone might develop cancer?

A) PAP test

B) PSA test

C) CEA test

D) genetic test

E) tumor marker test

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49) If the gene for telomerase is turned off in a cell, this is an indication it is a cancer cell.

Section: 20.03

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.03.02 Describe the tests that may be used to diagnose cancer in an individual.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) Which of the following are considered to be therapies for cancer treatment?

A) immunotherapy

B) surgery

C) radiation therapy

D) chemotherapy

E) All of the answer choices are therapies for the treatment of cancer.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.04.02 Summarize some of the new advances in the treatment of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51) Unfortunately, the cancer in Ted's body has spread to multiple sites. Which is the most viable treatment option to handle Ted's cancer?

A) surgery

B) radiation therapy

C) chemotherapy

D) herbal therapy

E) vaccination

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 20.04.01 Describe how radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery may all be used to treat cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) Ionizing radiation both causes cancer and can be used to treat cancer.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.04.01 Describe how radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery may all be used to treat cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) Which of the following is a side effect of radiation therapy that is not also a side effect of chemotherapy?

A) nausea, vomiting

B) dry, red, irritated skin and/or blisters

C) diarrhea

D) fatigue and weakness

E) weight loss and hair loss

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 20.04.01 Describe how radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery may all be used to treat cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54) Taxol is used to treat what type of cancer?

A) leukemia

B) lymphoma

C) testicular cancer

D) colon cancer

E) ovarian cancer

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.04.01 Describe how radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery may all be used to treat cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55) What is the survival rate for children with childhood leukemia?

A) 10%

B) 30%

C) 50%

D) 80%

E) 99%

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 20.04.01 Describe how radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery may all be used to treat cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56) Which of the following is a type of immunotherapy?

A) cancer vaccines

B) cytokine therapy

C) monoclonal antibodies

D) genetically engineered antigen-presenting cells

E) All of the answer choices are types of immunotherapy.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.04.02 Summarize some of the new advances in the treatment of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57) List standard therapies and newer therapies for the treatment of cancer.

The newer therapies for the treatment of cancer include: immunotherapy, p53 gene therapy, and drugs that inhibit angiogenesis.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 20.04.02 Summarize some of the new advances in the treatment of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58) Antiangiogenic drugs cause cytotoxic T cells to attack tumor cells.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.04.02 Summarize some of the new advances in the treatment of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

59) When the p53 gene is overexpressed in normal cells, the cells are killed.

Section: 20.04

Topic: Cancer

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 20.04.02 Summarize some of the new advances in the treatment of cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation