Ch17 Full Test Bank Population, Urbanization, And The - Complete Test Bank Discover Sociology 5e with Answers by Daina S. Eglitis. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 17: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment
Test Bank
Multiple Choice1. Which term refers to the science of population size, distribution, and composition?
a. ethnography
b. geography
c. demography
d. anthropology
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy2. Which statement is true of population growth?
a. Population growth is evenly spread around the world.
b. The greatest expansion is taking place in developed countries.
c. In the United States, most population growth is the result of a natural population increase.
d. In the United States, most population growth is taking the result of immigration.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium3. According to Statistics New Zealand, there were 30,950 more births than there were deaths in New Zealand in 2006. This is an example of which of the following?
a. natural population increase
b. population momentum
c. net migration
d. demographic transition
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Hard4. What does a total fertility rate measure?
a. the total number of fertile women in a given population
b. the average number of births per woman in a given population
c. the number of live births in a given population
d. the number of births each year per 1,000 women
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. What is the total fertility rate (TFR) at which a population reaches replacement level fertility?
a. 1
b. 1.75
c. 2.1
d. 2.5
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy6. What is the global total fertility rate?
a. 1.8
b. 2.0
c. 2.3
d. 2.9
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following is the fastest growing region in the world?
a. Eastern Europe
b. Western Europe
c. South America
d. sub-Saharan Africa
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Which term refers to the tendency of population growth to continue beyond the point when replacement rate fertility has been achieved due to the high concentration of people of childbearing age?
a. natural population growth
b. exponential growth
c. population momentum
d. population density
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. In China, which of the following slowed its rate of population growth, bringing the total fertility rate to 1.8?
a. its one-child policy
b. low population momentum
c. low levels of female education
d. economic prosperity
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Birth dearth refers to which of the following?
a. rising fertility rates
b. replacement rate fertility
c. fewer workers to support the aging population
d. falling fertility rates
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium11. In which of the following ways can a “birth dearth” be problematic for a nation?
a. It puts a strain on basic services, such as sanitation and education.
b. It puts a strain on natural resources.
c. It causes a rise in unemployment.
d. It leaves aging populations dependent on the financial contributions of fewer young workers.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium12. Which of the following refers to the number of live births in a given population?
a. crude birthrate
b. net migration
c. fertility
d. mortality
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy13. What is net migration?
a. in-migration minus out-migration
b. in-migration plus out-migration
c. internal migration
d. seasonal migration
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy14. How do demographers typically measure population changes?
a. fertility rate minus mortality rate plus net migration
b. fertility rate plus mortality rate plus net migration
c. fertility rate plus mortality rate minus net migration
d. fertility rate minus mortality rate minus immigration
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium15. Which of the following is the preferred measure by demographers to estimate future fertility?
a. crude birthrates
b. age-specific fertility rates
c. age-specific mortality rates
d. life expectancy
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium16. What is an age-specific fertility rate?
a. the number of births typical for women of a specific age in a particular population
b. the age at which a woman in a particular population is most fertile
c. the number of births each year per 1,000 women in a particular population
d. an estimate of the number of deaths typical in men and women of specific ages in a particular population
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy17. Fertility rates in most countries peak during ______.
a. women’s late teens and 20s
b. women’s 30s
c. women’s 40s
d. menopause
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy18. Which of the following yields a rough estimate of future mortality, and is therefore not the preferred measure of demographers?
a. age-specific birth rate
b. crude birthrate
c. age-specific mortality rate
d. crude death rate
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium19. Which term refers to an estimate of the number of deaths typical in men and women in a particular population who are, for example, 85+ years old?
a. crude death rate
b. crude mortality rate
c. overall death rate
d. age-specific mortality rate
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium20. Which statement is true of life expectancy?
a. The life expectancy at birth is higher for males than for females in almost all societies.
b. In the United States, the average life expectancy for males was 81 years, while it was 76 for females.
c. Women in Hong Kong rank at the top in terms of life expectancy.
d. By region, life expectancy is lowest in Western and Southern Europe.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy21. Of the following groups, who has the highest life expectancy at birth?
a. males in the Democratic Republic of Congo
b. females in Senegal
c. males in Mexico
d. females in Israel
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium22. Of the following groups, who has the lowest life expectancy at birth?
a. males in Pakistan
b. females in Nigeria
c. females in Egypt
d. males in Israel
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy23. Which of the following factors makes it difficult to predict population growth with precision?
a. insufficient education
b. unforeseen epidemics
c. a diversity of cultural norms
d. population momentum
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium24. Which of the following outlines the theory of the first demographic transition?
a. (1) low or no growth from high fertility and high mortality; (2) explosive growth from high fertility and low mortality; (3) slow or no growth from low fertility and low mortality
b. (1) slow or no growth from low fertility and low mortality; (2) explosive growth from high fertility and low mortality; (3) low or no growth from high fertility and high mortality
c. (1) low or no growth from high fertility and high mortality; (2) slow or no growth from low fertility and low mortality; (3) explosive growth from high fertility and low mortality
d. (1) explosive growth from high fertility and low mortality; (2) low or no growth from high fertility and high mortality; (3) slow or no growth from low fertility and low mortality
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory of the First Demographic Transition
Difficulty Level: Medium25. In broad terms, when did children become an expense rather than an economic necessity?
a. in early agricultural societies
b. during the early stages of industrialization
c. during the later stages of industrialization
d. in the information age
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theory of the First Demographic Transition
Difficulty Level: Easy26. Which of the following is a major critique of the theory of the first demographic transition?
a. It describes a pattern observed in Western countries but not the developing world.
b. It overemphasizes economic factors that shape fertility decisions.
c. It does not account for the reduction in fertility that typically accompanies industrialization.
d. It does not account for periods of slow or no growth.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory of the First Demographic Transition
Difficulty Level: Medium27. Which of the following societies is characterized by high fertility rates and high mortality rates?
a. agricultural societies
b. early stages of industrial societies
c. later stages of industrial societies
d. post-industrial societies
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory of the First Demographic Transition
Difficulty Level: Medium28. Demographers argue that in most developed countries, stabilization has been followed by which of the following?
a. the first demographic transition
b. the second demographic transition
c. exponential population growth
d. higher mortality rates
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium29. Which of the following is a characteristic of the second demographic transition?
a. decreased rates of divorce and cohabitation
b. increased rates of marriage and fertility
c. a rise in nonmarital births as a proportion of all births
d. a rise in the population’s rate of natural increase (RNI)
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium30. According to demographers, which of the following countries is presently experiencing a second demographic transition?
a. Nigeria
b. Sweden
c. Afghanistan
d. Mexico
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Easy31. The crude birth rate minus the crude death rate is a population’s ______.
a. rate of natural increase
b. rate of natural decrease
c. mortality rate
d. fertility rate
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Easy32. Which of the following is true of countries with negative rates of natural increase?
a. They all are experiencing rapid population decline.
b. They can expect to see a population loss of about 10% through the middle of the 21st century.
c. People are being born at a faster rate than they are dying.
d. They can still experience population growth due to immigration.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium33. According to demographer Ron Lesthaeghe, which of the following factors accounts—at least in part—for the second demographic transition?
a. the rise of the Internet
b. lower rates of educational attainment
c. individual autonomy and female emancipation
d. an increased desire to seek fulfillment through family relationships
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium34. Which of the following is a criticism of the theory of the second demographic transition?
a. It underemphasizes broad changes in family patterns.
b. It underemphasizes the changing status of women.
c. It describes a pattern observed in developing countries, but not in Western countries.
d. It describes only a fraction of the world’s population.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium35. The number of countries experiencing below-replacement birth rates ______.
a. is increasing
b. is decreasing
c. is stable
d. reflects concerns about overpopulation
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium36. Who first argued that the world is overpopulated?
a. Paul Ehrlich
b. Karl Marx
c. Julian Simon
d. Thomas Malthus
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Easy37. Social philosopher Thomas Malthus developed which of the following theories?
a. the theory of the second demographic transition
b. the theory of exponential population growth
c. the theory of population momentum
d. the theory of the first demographic transition
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Easy38. Exponential population growth refers to which of the following?
a. the tendency of population growth to continue beyond the point when replacement fertility has been achieved due to the high concentration of people of childbearing age
b. population growth that restricts the number of workers who can support the aging population
c. a constant growth rate that is applied to a base that is continuously growing in size, producing a population that grows by an increasing amount with each passing year
d. population growth that spurs sudden rapid economic progress
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Easy39. Malthus posited that although the world’s population grows exponentially, the ______ does not.
a. human potential to solve population-related problems
b. availability of medical services
c. educational system
d. food supply
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Easy40. Which of the following statements reflects a critique of Malthus’s predictions?
a. There may be a carrying capacity of the planet.
b. World population cannot continue rapid growth indefinitely without consequences.
c. The limits of population growth have been reached.
d. The issue is not simply how much additional food will be required to feed more mouths.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Medium41. Julian Simon critiqued Malthus by asserting which of the following?
a. Malthus’s assessment lacks nuance; it focuses too much on food scarcity.
b. Malthus’s assessment underestimates the connection between population growth and human misery.
c. Malthus’s assessment only applies to a certain subset of the population.
d. Malthus’s assessment is inaccurate because population growth has positive economic effects.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Simon: A Modern Critic Takes on Malthus
Difficulty Level: Medium42. What did Karl Marx cite as the cause of mass starvation and misery?
a. a mismatch between population size and resource availability
b. lack of technological progress
c. urbanization
d. unequal distribution of resources
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marx: Overpopulation or Maldistribution of Wealth?
Difficulty Level: Medium43. Which of the following is true of the maldistribution of wealth in the world?
a. The living standards in the wealthiest countries are about five to six times greater than in the world’s poorest countries.
b. Most of the world’s resources and goods are consumed by Eastern Europe.
c. Most of the world’s resources and goods are consumed by Asia.
d. The United States uses about a quarter of the globe’s coal, oil, and natural gas.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marx: Overpopulation or Maldistribution of Wealth?
Difficulty Level: Medium44. Which of the following is true of Marx’s criticism of Malthus?
a. Until now, it has not stood the test of time.
b. It has stood the test of time because the world’s resources have not yet run dry, but Marx underestimated the importance of population growth itself as a variable.
c. It has stood the test of time because the world’s resources have not yet run dry, but Marx overestimated the importance of population growth itself as a variable.
d. It has stood the test of time, as population growth is not an important variable.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Marx: Overpopulation or Maldistribution of Wealth?
Difficulty Level: Medium45. Which of the following is a term for the food beyond the amount required for immediate survival?
a. agribusiness
b. bounty
c. agricultural surplus
d. cash crop
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rise of Industry and Early Cities
Difficulty Level: Easy46. Which of the following caused a growth in urbanization starting in the 18th century?
a. industrial revolution
b. agricultural revolution
c. information revolution
d. American revolution
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rise of Industry and Early Cities
Difficulty Level: Easy47. Prior to the industrial revolution, the cities of the past had served primarily as centers of which of the following?
a. production
b. manufacturing
c. trade
d. agriculture
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rise of Industry and Early Cities
Difficulty Level: Easy48. Which of the following best represents urbanization?
a. the move from cities to suburbs
b. elite people acquiring buildings in cities
c. fixing up buildings in inner-city ghettos
d. the concentration of people in cities
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Rise of Industry and Early Cities
Difficulty Level: Easy49. Though early sociologists recognized that cities offered opportunities for individuality and creativity, they tended to focus on which of the following?
a. the misery of urban life
b. the novelty of urban life
c. the sense of community in urban life
d. the diversity of urban life
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sociologists and the City
Difficulty Level: Medium50. Durkheim asserted that traditional community life was characterized by ______ solidarity.
a. organic
b. mechanical
c. agricultural
d. urban
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sociologists and the City
Difficulty Level: Medium51. Early urban sociologists based in Chicago mainly focused their studies on which types of urban phenomena?
a. social cohesion: integration, neighborhood ties, and subcultures
b. social problems: mental illness, crime, and juvenile delinquency
c. transportation and technology
d. space and the costs of buildings
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sociologists and the City
Difficulty Level: Easy
52. According to Durkheim, urbanized community life was characterized by ______ solidarity.
a. organic
b. mechanical
c. agricultural
d. urban
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Urbanization
Difficulty Level: Medium53. Which of the following concepts refers to the people and institutions that have a stake in an increase in the value of city land and constitute a power elite in most cities?
a. the glitterati
b. the bourgeoisie
c. the upper echelon
d. the urban growth machine
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Easy54. Which of the following is an example of the urban growth machine?
a. Affordable housing for low-income residents is available.
b. Police make efforts to get to know community members.
c. A real estate developer buys land in a neighborhood where property values are increasing.
d. A group of neighbors plants a community garden in an abandoned lot.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Hard55. G. William Domhoff expanded on the idea of the urban growth machine by describing the notion of growth coalitions. A growth coalition involves groups of people who share a common interest in what?
a. increasing land use in their area
b. fighting income inequality in their area
c. preserving undeveloped land in their area
d. exposing the greed of the urban growth machine
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Medium56. In his assessment of growth politics, Domhoff raises questions such as “Who benefits from the gentrification of urban neighborhoods?” This question reflects which of the following sociological perspectives?
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interactionism
d. feminist theory
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Medium
57. A group of community members hold a town hall meeting over land usage in their neighborhood. One faction believes that the land should be used as a public park, as this will bring more enjoyment for members of the neighborhood. This group cares most about the area’s ______.
a. use value
b. exchange value
c. net value
d. gross value
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Hard
58. A local government group decides to grant use of a plot of land to a housing developer to build high-end apartments. They hope these apartments will bring in more residents with spending power, who will spend money at local businesses, thereby economically developing the neighborhood. This group cares most about the area’s ______.
a. use value
b. exchange value
c. net value
d. gross value
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Hard59. The rapid growth of which of the following from the 1950s onward represents one of the most dramatic population shifts in U.S. history.
a. cities
b. megacities
c. suburbs
d. villages
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Medium60. Since 1980, the majority of employment growth in the United States has taken place in which area(s)?
a. rural areas
b. the suburbs
c. cities
d. the South
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Social Dynamics of U.S. Cities and Suburbs
Difficulty Level: Medium61. William Julius Wilson’s term spatial mismatch describes which phenomenon?
a. Urban job seekers are geographically disconnected from suburban occupational opportunities.
b. Urban areas remain highly segregated despite efforts to integrate.
c. Suburban residents lack adequate transportation to reach urban job centers.
d. Public housing units are torn down without constructing an equal number of new units, resulting in affordable housing shortages.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cities in the United States
Difficulty Level: Easy62. Which process is most likely to displace longtime low-income residents from their neighborhoods?
a. gentrification
b. population momentum
c. urbanization
d. spatial mismatch
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cities in the United States
Difficulty Level: Easy63. According to Sassen, which of the following is one of the four principal functions of global cities?
a. They serve as reflections of diverse cultural influences from around the world.
b. They serve as important historical and cultural centers.
c. They serve as major hubs for global air travel.
d. They serve as command posts in the organization of the world economy.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Emergence of Global Cities
Difficulty Level: Medium
64. Los Angeles, CA, has a population of 4 million within its borders, and an additional 8 million people at least live within the metropolitan area. Los Angeles is an example of a(n) ______.
a. urban growth machine
b. gentrified city
c. megacity
d. treadmill of production
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Hard
65. Based on data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration about Earth’s globally averaged temperature for the past few years, what can be expected about the years to come?
a. Global carbon dioxide levels will lower Earth’s temperatures.
b. They will see reformation of glaciers as temperatures lower.
c. Temperatures will drop soon in a slingshot effect.
d. The coming years will continue to break global temperature records.
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Medium
66. A climate scientist is at a large cattle farm, taking measurements of methane gas produced by the animals. This climate scientist is most likely studying which contributor to climate change?
a. exponential population growth
b. ice cap melting
c. factory pollution
d. the greenhouse effect
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Hard67. Which of the following is characteristic of the treadmill of production?
a. Environmental concerns take precedence over political and economic agendas.
b. Governments generally want to maintain profitability in the private sector, which may lead them to ignore or minimize the problem of climate change.
c. The need for a vigorous economy and a clean and sustainable environment are necessarily irreconcilable.
d. Private businesses do not have a stake in environmental concerns.
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Medium68. Megacities are defined as metropolitan areas or cities with a total population of at least how many residents?
a. 1 million
b. 5 million
c. 10 million
d. 50 million
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: World Urbanization Today
Difficulty Level: Easy
69. Which of the following contributes most to climate change?
a. longer life expectancy
b. increased fertility
c. demographic change
d. excess carbon dioxide
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: World Urbanization Today
Difficulty Level: Medium
70. Which of the following is one of the health consequences of overconsumption?
a. wasting
b. diphtheria
c. obesity
d. malaria
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Underdevelopment and Overdevelopment in the Modern World
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. The greatest expansion of population growth occurs in developed nations.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. China’s population growth is in large part a product of high population momentum.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The life expectancy at birth is typically higher for males than females.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. In countries such as Japan and Germany, many women are prioritizing education and jobs over childbearing.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Marx was the first person to state that the world is overpopulated.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Sudden modern progress is perceived as the result of advancements in living standards and technology.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Simon: A Modern Critic Takes on Malthus
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. India is the only country with a population of more than 1 billion.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Simon: A Modern Critic Takes on Malthus
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Most of the manufacturing in the United States today takes place in suburban areas.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Cities in the United States
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Most scientists agree that global warming and climate change are the result of man-made CO2 emissions.
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Easy10. Electronic devices are creating a growing toxic waste problem in all countries.
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Population Growth, Modernization, and the Environment
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Briefly explain the concept of birth dearth.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Annual population and growth are measured by four factors. What are these factors?
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Explain what it means for a country to have high population momentum and why it occurs. Identify a country that is experiencing population momentum.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Discuss why fewer people in developed countries are having children. Provide an example of Germany in the context of the second demographic transition.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Compare and contrast the United States and China in terms of demographic characteristics.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Global Population Growth
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. How do Malthus and Marx differ in their views regarding population growth?
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Malthus and Marx: How Many People Are Too Many?
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. What did Malthus fail to realize about famine and population growth?
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Malthus: Overpopulation and Natural Limits
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. What is e-waste and why is it viewed as a problem?
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Population Growth, Modernization, and the Environment
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Which factors contributed to the growth of cities in the 19th century?
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Rise of Industry and Early Cities
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. What are the similarities between early industrial cities and present-day megacities?
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Urbanization
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Identify three factors that contribute to differences in life expectancy for males and females.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Provide definitions for crude birthrates, crude death rates, age-specific fertility rates, and age-specific mortality rates. Explain why it is important to measure age-specific rates versus crude rates.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Demography and Demographic Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Discuss the theory of the first demographic transition.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory of the First Demographic Transition
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Explain what it means for a developed country to go through a second demographic transition. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the theory of the second demographic transition.
Learning Objective: 17.1: Identify key global population trends, including regional differences and birth, death, and growth rates.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Is a Second Demographic Transition Occurring in the West?
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Compare and contrast the views of Malthus, Simon, and Marx regarding the overpopulation debate.
Learning Objective: 17.2: Understand the debate over population growth and consumption.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Malthus and Marx: How Many People Are Too Many?
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. List the defining characteristics of urban renewal and gentrification. Discuss the positive and negative consequences of gentrification.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Gentrification and U.S. Cities
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Explain the evolution of the city and the major trends in urbanization over time in European countries and the United States.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Urbanization
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Identify the four functions of global cities, as outlined by Saskia Sassen, and explore their relationships to one another.
Learning Objective: 17.3: Describe U.S. historical and contemporary trends in urbanization, the rise of global cities, and the rapid growth of cities in the developing world.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Emergence of Global Cities
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. About two-thirds of American adults think the federal government is doing too little to reduce the effects of global climate change. Why is climate change such a prevalent concern, and what efforts can be made to reduce it?
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Medium10. Explain how the treadmill of production is tied to capitalism by using a conflict-oriented approach.
Learning Objective: 17.4: Take a sociological perspective on attitudes toward and causes and consequences of climate change.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Local and Global Environment
Difficulty Level: Medium
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