Ch15 Variations In Sexual Behaviour Test Questions & Answers

Chapter 15 | Variations in Sexual Behaviour

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following criteria would most likely deem masturbation as abnormal?
   1. If you used statistical criteria where people’s behaviour is surveyed in twenty-first-century Canada
   2. If you used socio-cultural criteria based on norms in twenty-first-century Canada
   3. If you used harm-based criteria where it is assumed that masturbation causes blindness
   4. If you used statistical criteria where people’s behaviour is surveyed in twentieth-century Canada
2. Marshall has a foot fetish where he enjoys looking at his partner’s feet during sexual activity. Which criteria would most likely label Marshall’s behaviour as “abnormal”?
   1. Statistical criteria
   2. Socio-cultural criteria
   3. Harm-based criteria
   4. Sexual activity–based criteria
3. Which of the following sexual behaviours would be considered “abnormal” from socio-cultural, statistical, and harm-based viewpoints?
   1. Sadomasochism with an adult partner who is part of a BDSM club that you also belong to
   2. Having sex with a prostitute
   3. Having sex before the age of consent (age 16 in most countries)
   4. Having sex with an adult first cousin
4. Which of the following is an example of a paraphilic disorder?
   1. André, who enjoys watching balloons inflate and pop
   2. Kristof, who worries about being sexually aroused by people with amputated limbs
   3. Drew, who fantasizes about being crawled on by insects
   4. Elliot, who enjoys dressing as a child and likes being treated like a baby by his partner
5. Aaron is aroused only by the sight of blood. Aaron is having difficulty developing normal sexual relationships because of this fetish and is distressed by it. Which of the following does Aaron have?
   1. A transvestic disorder
   2. A non-exclusive paraphilic disorder
   3. A fetishistic disorder
   4. An exclusive paraphilic disorder
6. According to the DSM-5, when is a person diagnosed with a paraphilia but not a paraphilic disorder?
   1. When the individual engages in the paraphilia but is not distressed by the behaviour
   2. When the individual engages in the paraphilia and is distressed by the behaviour
   3. When the individual abstains from the paraphilia but is still distressed by past behaviour
   4. When the individual abstains from the paraphilia and is not distressed by past behaviour
7. In terms of “abnormal” sexual behaviours, which of the following is often considered a global taboo and cuts across most cultural boundaries?
   1. Incest
   2. Bondage
   3. Missionary position
   4. Role playing
8. What term is used to describe any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners?
   1. Paraphilia
   2. Kinbaku
   3. Fetish
   4. Masochism
9. What is the threshold in the DSM-5 for a paraphilia to be labelled as a “disorder”?
   1. Causes harm to the person
   2. Causes the person distress or impairment
   3. Causes harm to others
   4. All of the above
10. Which of the following would be considered a paraphilic disorder?
    1. Fred has a balloon fetish; he cannot get sexually aroused unless a balloon is present and he cannot function in his life if he has not achieved satisfaction with a balloon.
    2. Fred has a foot fetish; he really likes feet and will often involve them in his sexual fantasies and behaviours.
    3. Fred has an animal fetish; he does not act on his desires, he merely fantasizes about various animals but it does not bother him that his fetish is only in fantasy.
    4. All of the above
11. Which of the following is NOT required for someone to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder?
    1. Sadomasochistic behaviour
    2. Having a paraphilia
    3. Negative consequence of paraphilia
    4. Paraphilia present for at least six months
12. Which of the following is characteristic of a sexual sadism disorder?
    1. Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
    2. Acting on sadistic sexual urges with a non-consenting partner
    3. Significant impairment or distress from sadistic sexual urges
    4. All of the above
13. Which of the following is the most significant reason why atypical sexual behaviours have not been studied very widely?
    1. They often involve illegal activities that people do not wish to admit to.
    2. They are very rare.
    3. Researchers have not developed criteria for diagnosing a paraphilia disorder.
    4. Researchers are embarrassed to discuss paraphilias with people with paraphilic disorders.
14. Most fetishes are directly related to which of the following?
    1. Household objects
    2. The human body
    3. Genital stimulation
    4. Taboo objects
15. Farouk is aroused by women’s shoes and often asks his partners to wear high heels when they are engaging in sexual activity. Which term best describes this?
    1. Fetish
    2. Fetishistic disorder
    3. Foot fetish
    4. Paraphilia
16. Benji is turned on by lingerie. Which of the following would he be diagnosed with?
    1. A mild fetish
    2. Fetishistic disorder
    3. Hypersexuality
    4. None of the above
17. Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with a paraphilia?
    1. Chris, who is sexually aroused by the thought of himself as a female
    2. Laszlo, who cannot experience orgasm unless his partner is wearing lingerie
    3. Sasha, who spanked his last partner without her consent while they were engaging in sexual activity
    4. Piotr, who lost his job because he would skip work to pursue sexual relationships
18. Yanis sometimes dresses as a woman when he is at home. Which of the following is most likely true of Yanis?
    1. He is married.
    2. He is college educated.
    3. He began cross-dressing as a young child.
    4. All of the above
19. Some studies have suggested that fetishes are a result of which of the following?
    1. Criminal behaviour
    2. Fashion sense
    3. Genetics
    4. Conditioning
20. A fetish is most likely to appear first in which of the following sex/age groups?
    1. Adolescent females
    2. Adolescent males
    3. Adult females
    4. Adult males
21. What is the main difference between transvestism and transvestic disorder?
    1. Males with transvestic disorder fantasize about having female body parts and vice versa.
    2. People with transvestic disorder cross-dress on a daily basis instead of just for sexual pleasure.
    3. People with tranvestic disorder associate cross-dressing with sex whereas transvestism alone is not associated with sexual arousal.
    4. People with transvestic disorder are distressed by their desire to cross-dress.
22. Damien recently tried on female clothing for the first time and really liked it. What is a good estimate of Damien’s age?
    1. 8
    2. 10
    3. 12
    4. 16
23. Transvestic fetishism is most common in which group of people?
    1. Male homosexuals
    2. Male heterosexuals
    3. Female lesbians
    4. Female heterosexuals
24. Boris has been cross-dressing since he was a child. He never found his cross-dressing particularly distressful, but has recently sought treatment because his girlfriend has urged him to. Which term best describes Boris’s condition?
    1. Transvestic fetishism
    2. Transvestic disorder with fetishism
    3. Transvestic disorder with autogynephilia
    4. Transgenderism
25. In what way does transvestism differ from transgenderism?
    1. People who have tranvestism have gender dysphoria.
    2. People who are transgender have gender dysphoria.
    3. People who have transvestism always have autogynephilia, whereas people who are transgender never have autogynephilia.
    4. People who have transvestism do not begin cross-dressing until they are adults, whereas transgender individuals prefer to cross-dress from a very early age.
26. According to the current research, fetishes appear almost exclusively in males. When does this typically begin?
    1. Early childhood or adolescence
    2. Infancy from 1-3 years of age
    3. Young adulthood
    4. Middle adulthood
27. The most prevalent psychological problems in people who practice BDSM is related to which of the following?
    1. Rejection from the partner
    2. Social stigma
    3. Learned helplessness
    4. Humiliation
28. Which component of BDSM is best described as the use of restraints, from the simple use of handcuffs or ribbons, to elaborate rituals and art forms such as Japanese rope?
    1. Bondage
    2. Discipline
    3. Dominance
    4. Submission
29. Which component of BDSM may include painful whipping, biting, and the application of hot wax or other painful stimuli, and may also include sensory deprivation and humiliating behaviours such as boot-licking or behaving like a dog, or the use of feces and urine?
    1. Discipline
    2. Bondage
    3. Dominance
    4. Submission
30. Which six terms fit the acronym BDSM?
    1. Bondage, discipline, dominance, submission, sadism, masochism
    2. Bondage, dog-play, deprivation, serendipity, sadism, masochism
    3. Belittling, deviance, dominance, salivation, sadism, matrimony
    4. Biting, belittling, deviance, domination, serendipity, matrimony
31. Which term best describes someone who derives sexual pleasure from inflicting physical pain or psychological suffering on another person, often to gain power or to humiliate the other person?
    1. Sexual sadist
    2. Sexual masochist
    3. Sexual deviant
    4. Sexual anarchist
32. Keiko is aroused by having pain inflicted on her during sexual activity. Which term best characterizes Keiko’s paraphilia?
    1. Kink
    2. Bondage
    3. Sadism
    4. Masochism
33. Alexandra and Tyler have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are “playing,” Alexandra is frequently bound and Tyler tells her what to do and sometimes humiliates her by making her lick his feet. What kink group do Alexandra and Tyler belong to?
    1. Bondage and discipline
    2. Sadomasochism
    3. Dominance and submission
    4. Masochism
34. Layla and Corinne have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are “playing,” Layla will use hot wax on or apply ice cubes to Corinne’s skin. What “kink” group do Layla and Corinne belong to?
    1. Bondage and discipline
    2. Sadomasochism
    3. Dominance and submission
    4. Masochism
35. Gregory and Dylan have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are “playing,” they will take turns using a riding crop on each other to inflict pain. What “kink” group do Gregory and Dylan belong to?
    1. Bondage and discipline
    2. Sadomasochism
    3. Dominance and submission
    4. Masochism
36. Destiny and Roger are in a consensual sexual relationship, and would like to try dominance and submission for the first time. Which of the following should they do in order to be safe?
    1. Establish a safe word
    2. Set up boundaries prior to beginning the scenario
    3. Use a “play” script
    4. All of the above
37. Timothy is often aroused by fantasies of being beaten and humiliated. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true?
    1. Timothy was punished as a child when he was caught masturbating.
    2. Timothy uses masochism as a way to escape the pressures of his life by relinquishing control to someone else.
    3. Timothy would only be diagnosed with masochism disorder if his fantasies caused him distress.
    4. Timothy is no more likely to experience psychological impairment because of his masochistic fantasies than someone who does not have these kinds of fantasies.
38. Helena masturbates much more frequently than what is deemed average. Which of the following would she be diagnosed with?
    1. Hypersexuality
    2. Hyphephilia
    3. Persistent genital arousal disorder
    4. Based on the above, she would not be diagnosed with any disorder.
39. Which of the following individuals would most likely be diagnosed with sexual sadism disorder?
    1. Richard, who is a “top” in a BDSM relationship and enjoys domination and urinating on his partner
    2. Hoang, who enjoys non-consensual sex with women and has acted upon it, but experiences no impairment as a result
    3. Caleb, who derives sexual pleasure from harming animals
    4. Leonid, who enjoys non-consensual sex with women, has acted upon it, and experiences distress as a result
40. A common preference that is present in all masochists is sexual arousal from which of the following?
    1. Personal suffering
    2. Domination
    3. Humiliation
    4. Bondage
41. What did Charles Moser find about the majority of sadomasochists?
    1. They were punished for masturbating, which led them to associate pain with sexual arousal.
    2. They do not recall any erotic enjoyment from punishment as children.
    3. They experienced violent outbursts as children.
    4. They are aroused by pain both inside and outside their sexual script.
42. Which term best describes a person who derives sexual pleasure by experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering?
    1. Sexual masochist
    2. Sexual sadist
    3. Sexual deviant
    4. Sexual anarchist
43. Some theorists feel that many people who have a preference for a sadistic role in sadomasochistic consensual sex may choose that role for which reason?
    1. Because they don’t feel powerful in their professional life
    2. Because they don’t like other people
    3. Because they feel ashamed of being passive during sexual activity
    4. Because they are seeking to diminish anxiety about sex
44. Which is a common theme in theories about the causes of hypersexuality?
    1. Poor impulse control
    2. Hormonal imbalance
    3. Exposure at a young age to sexually-explicit material
    4. Being prevented from exploring their sexuality during adolescence
45. How is it determined if a person has “hypersexuality”?
    1. They meet all the criteria for “hypersexuality” in the DSM-5.
    2. They masturbate or engage in sexual activity at least 115 times a year.
    3. They masturbate or engage in sexual activity at least 190 times a year.
    4. Hypersexuality must be assessed on an individual basis.
46. Holden experiences a persistent, painful erection. Which of the following most likely afflicts Holden?
    1. Hypersexuality
    2. Priapism
    3. Persistent genital arousal syndrome
    4. Satyriasis
47. Max has voyeuristic disorder. Which of the following scenarios would he find the most arousing?
    1. A nude beach
    2. A “peep show”
    3. Live streaming sex on the Internet
    4. Watching his neighbour change into her nightgown
48. Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with voyeuristic disorder?
    1. Ryan, who frequents strip clubs
    2. Yaroslav, who watches webcam broadcasts of women undressing in fitting rooms
    3. Juan, who prefers secretly watching people undress to having partnered sex
    4. Carlos, who has broken and entered in order to watch a couple having sex
49. Kayla regularly enjoys going to strip clubs and viewing pornography. Which of the following would she be diagnosed with?
    1. Voyeuristic behaviour
    2. Exhibitionistic disorder
    3. Voyeuristic disorder
    4. None of the above
50. Christoph enjoys going to nude beaches so that he can observe other people naked, although he does not partake in being nude. Which of the following would he be diagnosed with?
    1. Voyeuristic disorder
    2. Courtship disorder
    3. Exhibitionistic disorder
    4. Based on the above, he would not be diagnosed with any disorder.
51. Which of the following is NOT a courtship disorder?
    1. Bestiality
    2. Voyeurism
    3. Exhibition
    4. Frotteurism
52. Sam frequently spies on his female neighbour through her window when she is naked. Which paraphilia does Sam have?
    1. Voyeuristic
    2. Exhibitionistic
    3. Frotteuristic
    4. Hyphenphilistic
53. Which disorder is often referred to as indecent exposure?
    1. Exhibitionism
    2. Voyeurism
    3. Frotteurism
    4. Hyphephilism
54. Andrew lurks in a park, waiting for a female jogger to go by before jumping out of the bushes and exposing himself to the jogger. What reaction is Andrew most likely looking for from the jogger?
    1. He is hoping the jogger will want to have sex with him.
    2. He is hoping the jogger will scream and run away.
    3. He is hoping the jogger will watch him masturbate.
    4. None of the above
55. Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with a courtship disorder?
    1. Henry, who ties up his partners and spanks them
    2. AJ, who will often call random hotlines and then masturbate to the voice on the other end
    3. Barrett, who will rub his genitals against a woman’s leg when he is on a crowded subway
    4. All of the above
56. A person with exhibitionistic disorder derives sexual pleasure from which of the following?
    1. Deriving sexual pleasure from urinating in public
    2. Watching the reaction of people when they flash them
    3. Scaring people
    4. Observing an unsuspecting person who is naked
57. What is one factor that voyeuristic disorder and exhibitionistic disorder having in common?
    1. They both involve nudity in public.
    2. They both involve deriving pleasure from scaring people.
    3. People with these disorders are distressed by their urges.
    4. They both are more common in women than men.
58. Telephone scatologia is closely related to which of the following disorders?
    1. Voyeuristic disorder
    2. Exhibitionistic disorder
    3. Frotteuristic disorder
    4. Hypersexuality
59. Which paraphilia is also known as toucherism and involves the act of fantasizing about, or actually engaging in, rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person for sexual gratification?
    1. Frotteurism
    2. Scatologia
    3. Exhibitionism
    4. Biastophilia
60. What is the approximate prevalence of pedophilia among males who commit sexual offences against children?
    1. 40–50 per cent
    2. 60–70 per cent
    3. 80–90 per cent
    4. 90–100 per cent
61. Which of the following is typical of pedophiles?
    1. They are violent.
    2. They are close with their victims.
    3. They commit sexual offences against children.
    4. They prey on strangers.
62. Which of the following is NOT true of pedophilia?
    1. Contact offenses are more harmful than online offenses.
    2. Most pedophiles are not violent.
    3. Pedophilia has existed throughout history.
    4. Treatment can lead to lower rates of recidivism.
63. Phillip has had pedophilic fantasies since he was a small child. He has never acted on these fantasies. In fact, he is also attracted to adults and is in a healthy relationship. But he is growing concerned with the frequency of these fantasies, and is afraid of the social repercussions if he tells anyone about them. Where is he most likely to go to get help?
    1. To a website meant to provide confidential support for individuals with pedophilic interests who have never acted on them
    2. To a medical professional trained in treating pedophiles
    3. To a trusted friend
    4. To his partner
64. Which of the following is TRUE of most pedophiles?
    1. They work hard to groom and coerce a specific child they are close to
    2. They prey on strangers
    3. They are often violent in their offences
    4. They often reoffend if the offence is incestuous
65. Which term is used to describe being sexually aroused by piercings and tattoos?
    1. Asphyxiophilia
    2. Corprophilia
    3. Stigmatophilia
    4. Klismaphilia
66. Which term is used to describe the erotic interest in contact with feces and may overlap with sadomasochism?
    1. Corprophilia
    2. Hyphephilia
    3. Stigmatophilia
    4. Klismaphilia
67. Which term is used to describe being aroused by urine?
    1. Hyphephilia
    2. Stigmatophilia
    3. Urophilia
    4. Necrophilia
68. What is the driving force of the child sex trade?
    1. Poverty
    2. Racism
    3. Government corruption
    4. A prevalence of paraphilic disorders
69. Which of the following paraphilias is associated with having a lower IQ?
    1. Frotteuristic disorder
    2. Exhibitionistic disorder
    3. Pedophilia
    4. Voyeuristic disorder
70. Which theory explaining the origins of paraphilias is most consistent with the feminist perspective?
    1. Freudian theory
    2. Behavioural theory
    3. Neurological theory
    4. Cognitive distortion theory
71. Why are paraphilias more common in males than females, according to psychoanalytic theory?
    1. They result from castration anxiety and the Oedipus complex.
    2. Men are encouraged to objectify women from a young age.
    3. Males experience unanticipated erections from a young age and may associate them with whatever activity they are involved with at the time.
    4. None of the above
72. Which theory would suggest that paraphilias are thought to result from castration anxiety and the Oedipus complex, explaining why they are more common in males than in females and, in this explanation, the fetish object is an unconscious replacement for the mother’s missing penis and therefore reduces the male’s castration anxiety evoked by the missing penis of his female partner?
    1. Psychoanalytic theory
    2. Behavioural theory
    3. Cognitive theory
    4. Sociobiological theory
73. When Ryan was a child, his parents caught him masturbating and punished him severely. During the traumatic punishment, Ryan was grounded and all of his toys were taken away. Instead of toys, he played with his underwear during the grounding. In later life, Ryan has developed an intense underwear paraphilia. What theory would connect his punishment to his paraphilia?
    1. Behavioural theory
    2. Psychoanalytical theory
    3. Cognitive theory
    4. Sociobiological theory
74. Which of the following is characteristic of pedophiles?
    1. Lower IQs than others
    2. More likely to have repeated school grades
    3. More likely to receive special education
    4. All of the above
75. Jake has sexually assaulted several boys. When asked why he did so he said that he was teaching them how to perform sexually so that they would be ready to please women when they were older. Jake’s explanation for his behaviour is consistent with which model of pedophilia discussed in your text?
    1. The behavioural model
    2. The cognitive distortion model
    3. The cognitive dissonance model
    4. The learning model
76. Urijah has recently entered a forensic psychiatric facility. During his assessment interview, Urijah intentionally exaggerated his exhibitionist tendencies to get more attention from the hospital staff. What term best describes his behaviour?
    1. Malingering
    2. Psychometrics
    3. Paraphilias
    4. Cognitive distortions
77. Forensic health clinicians may use a number of psychometrics while assessing a patient suffering from a paraphilic disorder to determine the likelihood that they will return to the behaviour. They are looking for rates of what?
    1. Recidivism
    2. Malingering
    3. Volumetrics
    4. Plethysmography
78. Why can’t measures of arousal be used to determine whether a women is sexually interested in children?
    1. Because what women report is attractive to them and their arousal patterns don’t match
    2. Because equipment used to measure arousal is stimulating and can confound results
    3. Because women are better than men at intentionally suppressing feelings of sexual arousal
    4. Because most women who commit sexual offences do so because they have difficulty becoming aroused except under very unusual circumstances
79. Self-esteem and social skills training for convicted pedophiles can have which benefit?
    1. It reduces sexual attraction to children.
    2. It reduces sex drive.
    3. It reduces compulsive behaviours.
    4. It reduces recidivism.
80. Which of the following is part of cognitive behavioural therapy for convicted pedophiles?
    1. Empathy training
    2. Aversion therapy
    3. Satiation therapy
    4. Anti-androgen medications
81. What movement dates back to the late nineteenth century and was used well into the twentieth century to limit the members of society deemed to be sexually deviant through surgical castration?
    1. Eugenics
    2. Recidivism
    3. Paraphilesis
    4. CBT
82. Which treatment is commonly used today to treat paraphilic disorders and is based on the view that internal mental processes reciprocally interact with behaviours and emotional responses?
    1. Cognitive behavioural therapy
    2. Solution-focused therapy
    3. Psychotherapy
    4. Aversion therapy
83. What proportion of convicted child sex offenders will reoffend within 30 years of committing their crime?
    1. 25 per cent
    2. 33 per cent
    3. 50 per cent
    4. 66 per cent
84. Which treatment for pedophilia would involve masturbating twice in rapid succession?
    1. Satiation therapy
    2. Orgasmic reconditioning
    3. Cognitive-behavioural therapy
    4. Aversion therapy
85. The first type of medication typically prescribed for extreme cases of paraphilia is which of the following?
    1. An anti-androgen
    2. An anti-psychotic
    3. An anti-anxiety drug
    4. An anti-depressant
86. Gerald has always felt sexually aroused by certain breeds of dogs, and recently he has sought help. His therapist has recommended he masturbate to a fantasy about dogs until he reaches the point of orgasm, at which point he should switch his fantasy to a more socially acceptable one. Which treatment method is being used?
    1. Orgasmic reconditioning
    2. Satiation therapy
    3. Aversion therapy
    4. None of the above
87. Carlita is seeking treatment for her hypersexuality. Which of the following treatments would her therapist be most likely to recommend?
    1. A community-based support program
    2. Aversion therapy
    3. Orgasmic reconditioning
    4. A medical treatment
88. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for those who sexually abuse children?
    1. Violent tendencies
    2. Sexual deviance
    3. Antisocial traits
    4. Intimacy deficits
89. Raul sought therapy because his formicophilia (sexual arousal derived from having small insects crawl all over your body or genitals and usually bite or sting you as they do so) was interfering with his everyday life and caused him distress. During his treatment, his physician had him masturbate to an appropriate fantasy and then masturbate again immediately following orgasm to the insect fantasy. The hope is that the decreased sex drive on the second masturbation attempt will make the insect experience less exciting, and eventually the pairing between the insect fantasy and sexual arousal will diminish. What form of therapy is being used?
    1. Satiation
    2. Aversion
    3. Medical treatment
    4. Eugenics
90. Which therapeutic technique requires the client to masturbate to the paraphilic fantasy until the point of orgasm, at which time the fantasy is switched to a more socially acceptable one, the goal being to associate orgasm with a more appropriate stimulus?
    1. Orgasmic reconditioning
    2. Aversion techniques
    3. Satiation
    4. CBT

Short Answer Questions

1. Scott has an intense sexual attraction to feet (foot fetish). He derives sexual pleasure from looking at pictures of feet, particularly pictures of large feet. This type of sexual attraction is referred to as __________.
2. A person can be said to have a(n) __________ __________ when a person has a sexual interest in something unrelated to the genitals that causes them distress.
3. Any person with a paraphilic disorder acting out their fantasy with a __________-__________ partner is breaking the law in North America.
4. The __________ are the part of the body that is most commonly a source of a sexual fetish.
5. An autoerotic form of pedophilia is termed __________.
6. Andy has intense sexual interest in children. He has never touched a child for purposes of sexual gratification but he is constantly fighting off distressing urges to do so. The name of Andy’s disorder is __________.
7. Gerry is aroused when he receives an enema and he finds this distressing. The name of Gerry’s disorder is __________.
8. __________ theory of paraphilia places an emphasis on masculinity and femininity.
9. A measure that quantifies changes in penis size is known as a __________ measure.
10. The __________ movement led to surgical castration being a common treatment for pedophilia well into the twentieth century.
11. Dr. Singh defines a sexual behaviour as abnormal if it occurs very infrequently in a population. This is an example of a __________ definition of abnormality.
12. The key factor that distinguishes a paraphilia from a paraphilic disorder is whether __________ is involved.
13. When diagnosing a particular paraphilic disorder, Criterion A specifies the __________ __________ of the paraphilia.
14. When diagnosing a particular paraphilic disorder, Criterion B species the __________ __________ of the paraphilia.
15. Voyeuristic disorder and exhibitionistic disorder are both examples of __________ __________.
16. Toucherism is most closely related to the __________ disorder.
17. Tim is aroused by cross-dressing, but feels this pattern affects his ability to maintain romantic relationships. Tim may be diagnosed with __________ __________.
18. A person who intentionally tries to contract HIV/AIDS is called a(n) __________ __________.
19. A pedophile explains that when he abused his victims, he truly believed he was teaching them valuable lessons about sexual behaviour. This is an example of a __________ __________.
20. Penile plethysmography (PPG) is most likely to be used when assessing __________ interests in pedophiles.

Essay Questions

1. What are three methods of determining what is “normal” sexual behaviour?
2. Hypersexuality is not listed as a diagnosis in the DSM. Explain the controversy with a diagnosis of hypersexuality. What is required in other models for an individual to meet diagnostic criteria?
3. Discuss the difference between a paraphilia and paraphilic disorder. How can one differentiate between the two?
4. What are the three courtship disorders and why are they put in this category?
5. Describe three “arguments” made by pedophiles to justify pedophilic behaviour and explain what is problematic about each argument.
6. Compare the prevalence rates of paraphilias in males and females. What are two explanations for prevalence rates that are observed as a function of sex?
7. Describe cognitive behaviour therapies for treating paraphilias.
8. What aspects about making sex offender information available to the public may be problematic?