Verified Test Bank Ch.14 Sexual Behaviours And Relationships

Chapter 14 | Sexual Behaviours and Relationships

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What features of sexual activity do the most heterosexual Canadians agree are necessary criteria if an encounter is to be defined as “having sex”?
   1. Mutual genital stimulation
   2. Penile penetration of any orifice
   3. Penile penetration of the vagina resulting in orgasm
   4. Penile penetration of the vagina
2. What is the most significant health benefit of sex educators teaching a very broad definition of “having sex”?
   1. It will reduce the likelihood of unintended pregnancy.
   2. It will encourage people to explore more sexual options than penile-vaginal intercourse.
   3. It will reduce the number of young people who want to consider themselves virgins from engaging in oral or manual sexual activity.
   4. It will reduce the likelihood of the spread of sexually transmitted infections through sexual activity other than penile-vaginal intercourse.
3. One-quarter of students identify which of the following as “having sex”?
   1. Kissing
   2. Oral contact with the partner’s genitals
   3. Touching the partner’s genitals
   4. Masturbating
4. Which of the following has NOT been linked to a later age of first intercourse?
   1. Academic achievement and participation
   2. Having an older partner
   3. Greater parental control
   4. Positive emotional connection with family members
5. You work for a blood donation clinic and screen potential donors for risks of infectious diseases. Your donor questionnaire asks, “In the past 12 months, have you had sex with a person who has hepatitis?” You are screening a 19-year old female. What should you keep in mind when analyzing her answer to this question?
   1. Many young people don’t consider oral-genital stimulation as having sex, so she may not report it even though she could have gotten infected that way.
   2. Many young people tend not to report sexual activity during which they used a condom since they assume there could have been no infection anyway.
   3. Females are generally ashamed of their sexual activity and tend to underreport it, so she might choose not to disclose a potentially risky contact.
   4. Both B and C
6. Joanne is a new mother and she worries about how to bring up her daughter in this increasingly sexualized world so that she doesn’t start having sex too early. How can Joanne try to achieve this?
   1. She can ensure that her daughter has positive emotional connections with her family.
   2. She can be open and positive about teenage sex and contraceptive use.
   3. She can make sure that her household is religion-free.
   4. Both A and B
7. At a Thanksgiving dinner you’re asked how school is going, and you say you’re taking a sexuality course. Later that night, your 14-year-old cousin wants to have a talk. He confesses he’s still a virgin and doesn’t have a girlfriend, and wants to know if that’s normal and if he should just sleep with anyone to lose his virginity. What advice can you give him?
   1. Men report more pleasure than women the first time, since women may feel pain, so when the time comes, think of your girlfriend’s experience as much as your own.
   2. People have a more positive experience of losing virginity with someone in a close rather than casual relationship, so it’s better to wait and do it with someone you care about.
   3. It’s fine to be a virgin at 14. In fact, only about 10% of people lose virginity this early.
   4. All of the above
8. Which of the following has been linked to the choice to have sex at an earlier age?
   1. Prior unwanted sexual contact
   2. Having a younger partner
   3. Parental disapproval
   4. Controlling parental behaviour
9. Which of the following has been linked to the choice to have sex at a later age?
   1. Academic achievement
   2. Prior unwanted sexual contact
   3. Having an older partner
   4. Parents who were not controlling
10. What percentage of female university students in a Canadian study reported having an orgasm during their first intercourse?
    1. 46 per cent
    2. 76 per cent
    3. 6 per cent
    4. 26 per cent
11. What percentage of male university students in a Canadian study reported having an orgasm during their first intercourse?
    1. 2 per cent
    2. 62 per cent
    3. 92 per cent
    4. 22 per cent
12. Which of the following has NOT been linked to an earlier age of first intercourse?
    1. Peer pressure to have sex
    2. Prior experience of unwanted sexual contact
    3. Parental disapproval of early sex and contraceptive use
    4. Substance use with friends
13. Your friend Jessica has just had her first intercourse, but she didn’t feel pain or bleed, so she’s wondering if something’s wrong with her anatomy and asks your opinion.
    1. Nothing’s wrong. She could have broken the hymen with a tampon or even by working out hard.
    2. Nothing’s wrong. In fact, only about 30% of women are born with a hymen, so she was probably in the majority without it.
    3. Something’s not right. In studies, 89% of women report substantial pain and bleeding at first intercourse, so maybe she’s lying to you about being a virgin.
    4. Both A and B
14. Which of the following is a possible ethical problem associated with hymen reconstruction surgery?
    1. It can cause problems during future childbirth.
    2. It is done in order to deceive other people.
    3. It is often associated with guilty feelings for women who have had it.
    4. It perpetuates discriminatory practices.
15. Sven and Nira are very intoxicated and engaging in foreplay. Sven asks Nira if she wants to have sex and Nira slurs “yes.” Based on how much consent Nira has given, should Sven proceed?
    1. Yes, all aspects of free consent have been met.
    2. No, only two aspects of consent have been met in this scenario.
    3. No, no consent has been given in this scenario.
    4. No, only one aspect of consent has been met in this scenario.
16. Saga had sex with Mark even though she didn’t really want to. Mark didn’t force her; she did it to make him happy. Which of the following took place in this situation?
    1. Sexual coercion
    2. Sexual deviation
    3. Rape
    4. Sexual compliance
17. Approximately what proportion of people report having completed sexual acts they didn’t really want to complete at some point in their lives?
    1. Very few
    2. One-quarter
    3. Half
    4. Almost all
18. Which of the following is a common reason why people participate in sexual acts they don’t wish to consent to?
    1. Promoting intimacy
    2. Peer pressure
    3. Threats by partner
    4. Substance use
19. Sexual compliance happens most often in which situation?
    1. When a male stranger attacks a female he does not know
    2. When a male threatens a female he knows with violence if sex does not occur
    3. In longer-term sexual relationships
    4. In casual sexual relationships
20. Alana and Marko just engaged in sexual activity for the first time. What is most likely true about the extent to which Alana and Marko followed the sexual script?
    1. The sexual script is varied, so it is impossible to know whether Alana and Marko adhered to all aspects or no aspects of the script.
    2. Alana and Marko followed the sexual script almost exactly.
    3. The sexual script is varied, so Alana and Marko likely followed some aspects of the script but not others.
    4. It is unlikely that Alana and Marko followed the sexual script at all as it has become very outdated in the twenty-first century.
21. Tabitha is in her early twenties and was discussing with her close friends the first time she had sex. Though their experiences varied, Tabitha recalled a positive emotional reaction to her first sexual experience. What type of relationship was she most likely in during her first sexual encounter?
    1. No-strings attached (NSA)
    2. Friends with benefits
    3. Casual sexual relationship
    4. Close/committed relationship
22. What is the most common method for giving sexual consent?
    1. Sexual signalling
    2. Text messaging
    3. Non-verbal communication
    4. Verbal communication
23. What term is used to describe the situation in which an individual freely gives consent to engage in sexual behaviour but does not actually desire the sexual activity?
    1. Sexual coercion
    2. Sexual reluctance
    3. Sexual signalling
    4. Sexual compliance
24. Which of the following are reasons people in committed relationships give for sexual compliance?
    1. Promoting intimacy
    2. Avoiding relationship conflict
    3. Making one’s partner happy
    4. All of the above
25. You are a counsellor at a university that recently had a big campaign about consent. Robert, a first-year student, comes to you concerned that he might have abused a classmate. They had been flirting for several weeks, and at a house party last night they were making out. They were tipsy but not drunk. He asked if she wanted to sleep with him, she said “Very much,” and they had sex. This morning, however, she texted him “I totally said yes, I know, but I didn’t really want it THAT much. Let’s stay friends.” You advise him that this was a case of ________ and ________.
    1. sexual compliance; it was abuse because he didn’t follow the rules of obtaining consent
    2. sexual compliance; he followed the rules of obtaining consent, so it was not abuse
    3. abuse; he shouldn’t have proposed sex to a girl who was already tipsy
    4. abuse; he should have made it clear that he meant a sexual intercourse by “sleeping”
26. The fact that you’re taking a course on sexuality is a big conversation starter whenever you go out with friends. This time someone asks you, “So what’s the most vanilla way that people have sex?” You reply, “Well, there’s this thing called ________ and it involves ________.”
    1. the common sexual script; kissing, then oral sex, then intercourse, then usually orgasm
    2. the traditional sexual script; kissing, then oral sex, then intercourse, then usually orgasm
    3. the common sexual script; kissing, then touching, then intercourse, then usually orgasm
    4. the traditional sexual script; kissing, then touching, then intercourse, then usually orgasm
27. Taylor has recently been fantasizing about sex with multiple people other than his partner. In these fantasies, there are sometimes male and females. Taylor revealed his fantasies to his partner recently. His partner should react __________.
    1. by immediately asking him to indulge all of his fantasies
    2. by breaking up with him because fantasies will ultimately lead to infidelity
    3. normally, recognizing that it is not abnormal for people to fantasize about sex with someone other than their primary partner, or sex with both male and female partners
    4. with worry, and ask Taylor to seek counselling because he may be confused about his sexual orientation
28. Rather than being indicative of activities individuals intend to pursue in real life, fantasies may be one way that people explore sexual desires and adapt sexual scripts. Which of the following characteristics allows for fantasies to do this?
    1. Imagination
    2. Privacy
    3. Freedom
    4. All of the above
29. Tim and Lesia are not a couple, but they often engage in casual sex. At what level does their sexual script develop?
    1. Spiritual
    2. Emotional
    3. National
    4. Individual
30. Canadian research has found that engaging in more frequent sexual fantasy is associated with all of the following EXCEPT __________.
    1. greater sexual satisfaction
    2. a greater number of sexual partners
    3. more positive emotions
    4. higher expectations about one’s partner’s sexual performance
31. According to the research on sexual fantasy, there are many similarities in men and women’s fantasies. What is the main difference?
    1. Neither men nor women fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex as well as about affectionate or foreplay activities
    2. More women than men fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex, and more men than women fantasized about affectionate or foreplay activities.
    3. More men than women fantasized about anonymous or impersonal sex, and more women than men fantasized about affectionate or foreplay activities.
    4. Men and women fantasized equally about anonymous or impersonal sex as well as about affectionate or foreplay activities.
32. Research has found evidence that men masturbate more than women. This finding is especially true in countries where there is a greater gender inequality. What is the best explanation for the difference in masturbatory patterns?
    1. Masturbation is not as pleasurable for women as for men.
    2. Women have low sex drives.
    3. Sexual double standards criticize women but not men.
    4. All of the above
33. In countries where the rights of men and women are more similar, the rates of masturbatory activity are more similar. What do some researchers conclude from this finding?
    1. Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of power they have in their culture.
    2. Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of domestic responsibility a person has.
    3. Masturbation rates in women are related to the amount of money a woman earns for her household.
    4. Masturbation rates in women are related to how much time women are allowed to be alone.
34. You are a sex therapist. A woman in her twenties comes to you with a problem of never having had an orgasm although she’s been having sex with her husband for two years. You soon find out she has never masturbated because masturbation was considered extremely immoral in her Catholic family. What can you tell her about masturbation?
    1. Masturbation can help her become more comfortable with her genitals.
    2. Masturbation can help her learn about her sexual response and preferences.
    3. Masturbation can interfere with achieving vaginal orgasm, which is the point of sexual intercourse.
    4. Both A and B
35. Cynthia was married to a man before she came out as lesbian. She now likes to joke that every woman who complains that she doesn’t get enough foreplay should turn gay because she (Cynthia) is now getting all of it and it’s so good. Aside from the fact that “turning gay” is a joke, does she have a point about “foreplay”?
    1. Studies suggest that same-sex couples spend less time on sensual touching, but it is more intense and satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.
    2. Studies suggest that same-sex couples spend more time on sensual touching, and it is more satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.
    3. Studies suggest that although same-sex couples spend more time on sensual touching, it is not as satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.
    4. Studies suggest that although same-sex couples spend less time on sensual touching, it is more intense and satisfying compared to heterosexual couples.
36. Both men and women report a desire to engage more in __________ during sexual encounters but follow the sexual script instead.
    1. oral sex
    2. kissing
    3. touching
    4. intercourse
37. What has been revealed by studies of oral sex rates in adolescents?
    1. Males are more likely to perform oral sex than females.
    2. Females are more likely to perform oral sex than males.
    3. Males and females are equally likely to perform oral sex.
    4. Adolescents are much more likely to engage in oral sex than in intercourse.
38. You overhear your younger sister, age 16, talking with her girlfriends about how unfair it is that they give blow jobs all the time and guys don’t always give back. Having recently read about a study on that very subject, you interject to tell them that ________.
    1. an American study from 2010 shows that the percentage of girls her age who gave oral sex was in fact two times lower than those who received it
    2. an American study from 2010 shows that the percentage of girls her age who gave oral sex was in fact almost the same as those who received it
    3. an American study from 2010 shows that the percentage of girls her age who gave oral sex was indeed two times higher than those who received it
    4. an American study from 2010 shows that the percentage of girls her age who gave oral sex was indeed three times higher than those who received it
39. What term is used to describe the sexual practice in which partners (clothed or not) rub or thrust their genitals against any part of the other person’s body?
    1. Cunnilingus
    2. Fellatio
    3. Frottage
    4. Interfemoral intercourse
40. What is the sexual practice in which a man moves his penis between his partner’s thighs without intromission?
    1. Fellatio
    2. Interfemoral intercourse
    3. Frottage
    4. Coitus
41. Despite often being listed as part of the traditional sexual script (TSS), which of the following is appropriately labelled as a sexual response?
    1. Oral sex
    2. Foreplay
    3. Cuddling
    4. Orgasm
42. Which of the following is a problem with making orgasm the goal of intercourse in traditional sexual scripts?
    1. It may increase performance anxiety and interfere with sexual arousal and orgasm.
    2. It may lead some to believe that they have a sexual dysfunction if they do not orgasm following intercourse.
    3. It may be a problem for individuals who do not regularly achieve orgasm during partnered sexual experiences.
    4. All of the above
43. Which of the following is one common element in the sexual script that is not actually a sexual behaviour?
    1. Kissing
    2. Touching
    3. Orgasm
    4. Arousal
44. When researchers read descriptions of orgasms written by males and females what do they find?
    1. Description of orgasm varies greatly from person to person in males and females.
    2. Orgasm is described as physiological and cognitive in males but only physiological in females.
    3. Orgasm is described as physiological and cognitive in females but only physiological in males.
    4. Researchers could not distinguish between a description of an orgasm written by a male and a description written by a female.
45. You are a sex therapist. A man comes to you with a concern that while he achieves orgasm during vaginal penetration, his wife doesn’t. He asks what is wrong with him or his wife. What can you tell him?
    1. Treating orgasm during coitus as the indicator of sexual functioning may cause his wife’s anxiety to perform instead of enjoying the intimate contact.
    2. Coitus followed by orgasm is just a social script, and there is no objective reason to abide by it. Achieving orgasm by oral or manual stimulation can also count as a satisfying sex life.
    3. If she achieves orgasm through stimulation of the clitoris, she is just like the vast majority of women. Vaginal-penetration orgasm is by far not the norm.
    4. All of the above
46. You’re at your best friend’s wedding and you’re having a little heart-to-heart with her. She and her partner are very happy in bed right now, but she’s concerned how to keep the satisfaction high as the years go by. What can you tell her about sexual satisfaction in a long-term relationship?
    1. Research suggests that they’ll be most satisfied if they have the same work schedules, no sexual problems, frequent orgasms, and good communication.
    2. Research suggests that they’ll be most satisfied if they constantly bring new elements into their love-making to stave off boredom in the bedroom for as long as possible.
    3. Research suggests that they’ll be most satisfied if they incorporate both partners’ sexual preferences into their love-making in such a way that maximizes pleasure and minimizes displeasure for both.
    4. Research suggests that they’ll be most satisfied if they constantly switch roles in their love-making in such a way that one time they focus on one partner’s pleasure and the other time on the other partner’s pleasure.
47. Which of the following is true about the correlation between sexual satisfaction and sexual problems?
    1. People who are satisfied sexually do not have sexual problems.
    2. The fewer the sexual problems, the greater the sexual satisfaction.
    3. The more the sexual problems, the greater the sexual satisfaction.
    4. Sexual problems are not predictive of sexual satisfaction.
48. According to the interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction, when is sexual satisfaction greatest?
    1. When there is neither a sexual reward nor a cost
    2. When there are both sexual rewards and costs
    3. When there are more sexual costs than rewards
    4. When there are more sexual rewards than costs
49. Lawrance and Byers define which of the following terms as “an effective response arising from one’s subjective evaluation of the positive and negative dimensions associated with one’s sexual relationship”?
    1. Sexual satisfaction
    2. Sexual functioning
    3. Sexual exchange
    4. Sexual reward
50. Members of which of the following group reports less use of sex toys and more focus on orgasm?
    1. Lesbian women
    2. Heterosexual men
    3. Heterosexual women
    4. Gay and bisexual men
51. Research has shown men masturbate more and use more explicit sexual materials than women do. Which of the following is a good explanation for this difference?
    1. It is easier for men to masturbate.
    2. Men have easier access to pornographic material.
    3. More pornographic material is marketed to men.
    4. There is a reporting bias because of the sexual double standard.
52. When comparing sexual preferences between men and women from the same culture, what do researchers find?
    1. There is more variability between sexes than within sexes in all cultures.
    2. There is more variability between sexes than within sexes in cultures where there is less gender equality.
    3. There is more variability within sexes than between sexes in all cultures.
    4. There is more variability within sexes than between sexes in cultures where there is more gender equality.
53. According to Byers and MacNeil, men and women in long-term relationships are most sexually satisfied when __________.
    1. their own sexual rewards exceed costs
    2. their partner’s sexual costs exceed rewards
    3. their partner’s sexual rewards exceed costs
    4. their own sexual costs exceed rewards
54. Tony and Judy are getting married this summer. They love each other very much and are willing to support one another in every situation. They want to cherish their relationship and not have sex at all before the wedding night. Judy has heard, however, that people must be “sexually compatible” to have a happy relationship, and she’s afraid to find out too late that she and Tony don’t match. She asks your advice.
    1. Judy can tell Tony about her concerns and start a conversation about their sexual preferences. If they find out that their sexual preferences differ, they should seriously consider the marriage as they risk conflict and dissatisfaction.
    2. She should start sleeping with Tony and seriously consider the wedding if it turns out that he likes having sex more often than she does.
    3. She knows how often and how long a typical man has sex, so she should consider that before deciding if she wants to marry Tony.
    4. Judy can tell Tony about her concerns and start a conversation about their sexual preferences. If they talk openly, they can negotiate potential differences without having sex before the wedding and continue the communication afterwards.
55. Tyler completes a questionnaire on a dating website detailing his exact sexual preferences, including how often he likes to have sex and the sexual behaviours he prefers. Tyler is matched with Chloe, who is, apparently, a perfect match. What is the likelihood that Tyler and Chloe will have a sexually satisfying relationship?
    1. Unlikely
    2. Somewhat likely
    3. Very likely
    4. Almost certainly
56. In general, it seems that partners sharing the same sexual preferences is only one of the factors contributing to greater sexual satisfaction among couples, meaning that it is unlikely that people develop sexually satisfying relationships simply by finding partners with sexual preferences that are exactly the same as their own. Given this supposition, what is the best way for partners to successfully navigate differences in their sexual preferences, maximizing sexual rewards and minimizing sexual costs?
    1. Hiding one’s true desires and beliefs for the sake of the relationship
    2. Finding sexual outlets outside the relationship
    3. Self-disclosure and communication
    4. All of the above
57. Which of the following is a reason people may introduce sex toys into their sexual repertoire?
    1. To enhance or “spice up” their sexual practices
    2. To enhance sexual pleasure
    3. Therapeutic reasons
    4. All of the above
58. Wendy has been asked to tell a researcher what she predicts her partner will report as his preferences for duration of foreplay and duration of intercourse. What can be predicted the researcher will find?
    1. Wendy will be good at predicting what her partner wants if they are in a long-term relationship
    2. Wendy will predict preferences similar to her own preferences, but those will be inaccurate.
    3. Wendy will predict preferences based on her own stereotypes, not on what her partner has told her.
    4. Wendy will predict preferences similar to her own preferences and they will be accurate.
59. Over drinks at a pub, your friend Rick confides in you that his wife doesn’t enjoy regular intercourse very much and he would like to use some sex toys to give her more pleasure during penetration. They’re a rather conservative couple and like to stick to basics. What would you recommend to Rick?
    1. A vibrator to stimulate the clitoris
    2. A penis pump to stimulate the clitoris
    3. A penis extender to stimulate the cervix
    4. Beads to stimulate the anus
60. Why do many non-heterosexual youth delay dating during adolescence?
    1. Rarely are non-heterosexual youth aware of their sexual/affectional orientation difference at this age.
    2. They are developmentally less suited for early dating.
    3. They could face repercussions in heterosexist and homophobic societies.
    4. Media depictions of same-sex relationships encourage youth to delay early dating experiences.
61. How do LGBTQ+ individuals typically deal with dating in adolescence?
    1. The majority are unaware of their same-sex attraction during adolescence and date opposite-sex partners, unaware that they will realize later that they are LGBTQ+.
    2. The majority date same-sex partners with few problems.
    3. The majority date opposite-sex partners or don’t date during adolescence, even though they know they are LGBTQ+, for fear of bullying or discrimination.
    4. The majority date same-sex partners and face bullying and discrimination.
62. Agnieszka has two choices for a new man to start dating. One is Leonel who was “matched” to her personality on an online dating website. The other is a friend, Marco, with whom she is able to communicate easily and resolve conflicts quickly. Who should Agnieszka try dating and why?
    1. Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because online personality matches have been proven as the reason why relationships that begin online are so successful.
    2. Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because if she was going to have a successful relationship with Marco it would have happened by now.
    3. Agnieszka should try dating Marco because open communication and good conflict resolution have been found to be at the core of successful relationships.
    4. Agnieszka should try dating Leonel because couples who meet online are more motivated to make relationships work and thus the relationship is more likely to be successful.
63. Among heterosexual two-person couples, what is the trend in rates of marriage in Canada?
    1. Fluctuating
    2. Stable
    3. Increasing
    4. Declining
64. Your friend Gillian wants to have a boyfriend, but she’s rather shy, and most of the students in her major at university are female, so she doesn’t get to meet many men in her daily life. You suggest online dating, but Gillian thinks online dating is good only for one-night stands, and she wants a serious relationship. What do the studies say about it?
    1. Surveys conducted for Tinder found that only 5% of people who met online were in a long-term relationship two years later.
    2. One study found that the majority of relationships that started online were relatively stable two years later.
    3. Surveys conducted for Match.com found that over a third of the couples married in the three years before the survey had met online.
    4. None of the above
65. You have been dating your partner for two years and think it’s time to move in together instead of renting two apartments. Your parents argue that you should consider getting married if you are serious about your relationship. You tell them that in this time and age you have a better chance of staying together without marriage. Whose position does research support?
    1. Cohabitating relationships tend to be more stable than marriage, and marriage is less likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.
    2. Cohabitating relationships tend to be less stable than marriage, but marriage is less likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.
    3. Cohabitating relationships tend to be less stable than marriage, and marriage is more likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.
    4. Cohabitating relationships tend to be more stable than marriage, but marriage is more likely to end when preceded by cohabitation.
66. Researchers have found that couples who have been married for a long time have sex less often. What is likely the reason?
    1. People who are married start out having sex more than unmarried couples but become bored with each other.
    2. People who have been married longer are older and the decline in sex is age related.
    3. People who are married longer are not as committed to the relationship as unmarried people.
    4. People who are married always have a lower frequency of sex than unmarried people.
67. Six couples got married this past summer. Based on statistics in Canada, how many of these couples will still be married after 20 years?
    1. Five
    2. Four
    3. Three
    4. Two
68. André and Veronica were married for 12 years and then divorced. Which of the following is true?
    1. They divorced four years sooner than the average length of marriage before divorce.
    2. They divorced two years sooner than the average length of marriage before divorce.
    3. They divorced two years later than the average length of marriage before divorce.
    4. They divorced four years later than the average length of marriage before divorce.
69. Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a “friends with benefits” relationship?
    1. Non-exclusive
    2. Monogamous
    3. Ongoing
    4. Sexual
70. Polyamorists generally describe their relationships as ____________.
    1. based more on love than sex
    2. egalitarian
    3. stable
    4. All of the above
71. What term is used to describe an egalitarian relationship which involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time?
    1. Swinging
    2. Polyamory
    3. Friends with benefits
    4. Semi-dyadic
72. What was found in an Internet study of people in “friends with benefits” relationships (FWBR)?
    1. Both males and females valued the sexual relationship more than the friendship.
    2. Females in FWBR desire sex less frequently than females in committed relationships.
    3. Both males and females valued the friendship more than the sexual relationship.
    4. Females may benefit from comfort and trust in FWBR, but there is no evidence that males do.
73. In a traditional North American polygamist marriage, which of the following wives would hold the highest status in her marriage to Benjamin?
    1. 30-year-old Rebekah who had an emergency hysterectomy after delivering her second child with Benjamin
    2. 34-year-old Hannah who is the third wife and who is pregnant with her third child with Benjamin
    3. 50-year-old Leah who is the first and “legal wife” and who has five grown children with Benjamin
    4. 45-year-old Sarah who is the second wife and who had no children with Benjamin
74. Which of the following is NOT typically associated with the lives of women in polygynous communities?
    1. Younger age of marriage and childbirth
    2. Higher levels of education
    3. Lack of social power
    4. Isolation from mainstream society
75. What is the main distinction between “polyamory” and “swinging”?
    1. Most swingers are in same-sex relationships.
    2. Sexual contact is allowed in swinging.
    3. There are no rules for swinging.
    4. Love is not a factor in swinging.
76. Which of the following types of sexually explicit material was LEAST popular with young heterosexual males who were surveyed in 2006?
    1. Internet pictures depicting nudity but not sexual activity
    2. DVD/video portrayals of sexual activity
    3. Television portrayals of sexual activity
    4. Internet written materials depicting sexual activity
77. Compared to women in non-polygynous marriages, women in polygynous marriages report which of the following?
    1. Psychological and financial distress
    2. Marital problems
    3. Domestic violence
    4. All of the above
78. What term is used to describe the practice of both partners in an emotionally committed or married couple agreeing to and participating in sex with other individuals, usually at the same time?
    1. Polygamy
    2. Swinging
    3. Polyamory
    4. Friends with benefits
79. Which of the following puts an individual at higher risk of extramarital sex?
    1. Having parents who divorced
    2. Marital dissatisfaction
    3. Having opposite-sex friends
    4. Having children
80. In 2008, Maxime Bernier, the star of Stephen Harper’s Quebec caucus, was forced to resign as foreign affairs minister after admitting he had left classified government documents at the home of his then-girlfriend, Julie Couillard, a woman who had previously dated two Hell’s Angel’s associates. Shortly after they broke up, Couillard gave a tell-all television interview about the relationship, which she followed up with a book. The intense media attention brought about public condemnation. Which theory best describes the media’s role in this excerpt?
    1. Social learning theory
    2. Marketing theory
    3. Social exchange theory
    4. Agenda-setting theory
81. Aubrie is 8-years-old and was watching television with her friends. The show depicted girl tweens dressing up and wearing make-up to meet boys from their school at the mall. When Aubrie got home she asked her mom if they could go shopping to buy similar clothes and make-up. When her mom asked why, she ultimately confessed that she had a crush on a boy and wanted to impress him. What theory related to the effects of media best describes this anecdote?
    1. Social learning theory
    2. Marketing theory
    3. Agenda-setting theory
    4. Social exchange theory
82. In recent years, media has begun to portray gay and lesbian characters in a positive light as a part of everyday society. Though the portrayals often feature stereotypes associated with gay and lesbian people, the impact has been generally positive. This is an example of which theory?
    1. Marketing theory
    2. Cultivation theory
    3. Social exchange theory
    4. Agenda-setting theory
83. Which of the following is a potential positive influence of sexuality in the media?
    1. Media characters allow individuals to vicariously practice sexual and relationship norms and ideals
    2. Diverse models of sexuality that may serve as guidance for relationships and interactions
    3. Quick access to reliable information on sexual health
    4. All of the above
84. Which term is used to describe erotically suggestive media without showing genitals or sexual penetration?
    1. Hard-core
    2. Soft-core
    3. Meta-analytic review
    4. Polymorphism
85. What is probably the most comprehensive, easily accessible, and continuously evolving medium for sexual information, expression, and encounters?
    1. The Yellow Pages
    2. Facebook
    3. Online textbooks
    4. The Internet
86. Jenny caught her boyfriend, Tom, watching porn. When she told him he was disgusting, he replied, “Oh, come on. Everybody watches it.” How many people actually watch it?
    1. In a 2013 study, a minority of respondents (12%) reported having seen sexually explicit materials on the Internet.
    2. In a 2013 study, all respondents (100%) reported having seen sexually explicit materials on the Internet.
    3. In a 2013 study, almost half of respondents (49%) reported having seen sexually explicit materials on the Internet.
    4. In a 2013 study, a majority of respondents (89%) reported having seen sexually explicit materials on the Internet.
87. At a dinner party your friends start a discussion about different configurations of modern families and their effect on children growing up in non-standard homes. They turn to you for an informed opinion. You tell them, “Well, there is some limited research that suggests that a __________ family may benefit children by providing diverse role models and shared resources. On the other hand, there is also research that suggests that children from __________ families tend to have more emotional and behavioural difficulties than kids from a two-parent family.”
    1. polygamous; polyandrous
    2. polyandrous; polygynous
    3. polyamorous; polyandrous
    4. polyamorous; polygynous
88. Your friend went with her husband to the Christmas party at his workplace. She found out that many of his colleagues are very attractive women, some single, and now she can’t shake off the thought that he may cheat on her. You bring up a study on risk factors for extramarital sex and tell her that __________ does not increase the chances that a spouse would cheat, but __________ does.
    1. being male; opportunity to meet potential lovers at work
    2. sexual dissatisfaction; opportunity to meet potential lovers at work
    3. opportunity to meet potential lovers at work; being male
    4. opportunity to meet potential lovers at work; sexual dissatisfaction
89. Your cousin Alex has just had his first child. Even though the infant son can’t even sit up yet, Alex is already planning no TV at home and no Internet for the kid until he turns 18. Alex wants to avoid the media’s negative influence on his son’s views on love, relationships, and sex. You argue that not all media influence is negative, for example __________.
    1. people exposed to more sexual content on TV and Internet tend to have their first intercourse later in life than those who aren’t
    2. media have been the most powerful force in breaking sex-related stereotypes
    3. he can learn from shows and movies about how to say “no” in a sexual situation
    4. All of the above
90. You’re meeting with your book club to talk about Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro. Someone mentions the scene where Kathy notices that the way older couples touch and talk to each other is a mimicry of what they saw on TV. They copy their “couple behaviour” from the fictional couples from TV dramas. You say, “Oh, that’s actually what we all do, according to the __________ theory.”
    1. social script
    2. cultivation
    3. agenda-setting
    4. social learning

Short Answer Questions

1. In a Canadian study of heterosexual first-year undergraduate students, __________ per cent respondents deemed penile–vaginal intercourse as “having sex.”
2. The practice of killing a female family member because she chose to have sex before marriage is called __________ __________.
3. Individuals who are unsatisfied with their virgin status are referred to as “__________ virgins.”
4. Most consent to engage in sex is given __________-__________.
5. In sexual research, “TSS” stands for __________ __________ __________.
6. When performed on a male, oral sex is referred to as __________.
7. When surveyed about using sex toys, the majority of women’s partners (male or female) express positive feelings toward their partner’s __________ use, and this support is in turn related to greater sexual satisfaction.
8. In Canada, the average length of marriage before a couple divorces is about __________ years.
9. __________ involves being in a romantic and sexual relationship with more than one person at the same time.
10. __________ __________ proposes that media portrayals create a shared set of values and expectations about reality among media consumers.
11. Parental control and parental disapproval of contraceptive use are linked to a(n) __________ age of first intercourse.
12. Women are more likely than men to experience __________ with first penile-vaginal intercourse.
13. An individual’s agreement to engage in sexual behaviour is referred to as __________ __________.
14. Hannah doesn’t feel like having sex with her boyfriend but she knows he really wants to, so she goes through the motions. This is an example of __________ __________.
15. Another term for penile-vaginal intercourse is __________.
16. The one part of the sexual script that isn’t actually a sexual behaviour is __________.
17. Younger age, few sexual problems, and greater frequency of orgasm are examples of __________ factors that contribute to sexual satisfaction.
18. Leandra and Eric both have low sexual satisfaction because they rarely have time to have sex because of their work schedules. Their sexual satisfaction is being affected by a(n) __________ factor.
19. Lilli is married to Dave but is also dating Philip, with whom she has an emotional and sexual relationship. Dave knows about Lilli and Philip’s relationship and supports it because it makes Lilli happy. These relationships are an example of __________.
20. The technical term for any motional or sexual behaviour outside of a monogamous relationship is __________ __________.

Essay Questions

1. Discuss the arguments for and against vaginal “revirgination” surgery.
2. Discuss the major differences between polyamory and polygamy.
3. Despite being a sexual response rather than a sexual behaviour, orgasm is often identified as a major part of people’s sexual scripts. What are the potential challenges that might arise from the pressure to have orgasm as the goal of a sexual encounter?
4. Describe three theoretical perspectives on how the media affects sexual behaviour.
5. Describe both possible positive effects and possible negative effects of online sexual activity on an intimate sexual relationship.
6. Describe the three factors that theorists believe make the Internet such a popular source for information about sex and sexuality and the three main types of sex-related activities that people use the internet for.