Ch14 | Diversity in Human Relations – Test Bank 6e

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Student name:__________

1) Older people, homosexuals, ethnic groups, women, and other minorities contribute to a(n) _____ society.

2) _____ are your thoughts or beliefs about specific groups of people.

3) _____ is the feeling that results from stereotyping.

4) _____ is your behavior, or what you do, as a result of your stereotypes and prejudice.

5) "Asians are good students and employees" is a belief that exemplifies a(n) _____.

6) _____ is a tendency to judge people before knowing them, basing the judgment only on their membership in some group or category of people.

7) _____ refers to the prejudice that is caused by policies in the workplace that are not intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups or to treat them differently, but which have that effect anyway.

8) The _____ was established to monitor the implementation of the Civil Rights Act that aimed to prevent discrimination at the workplace.

9) The origins of prejudice can be divided into three broad categories: social causes, _____, and emotional causes.

10) _____ is the practice of unfairly blaming others when something goes wrong.

11) _____ is a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.

12) _____ refers to considering one's own ethnic group as the most normal and believing that its way of seeing and doing things is the right way.

13) Prejudice and discrimination based on race are referred to as _____.

14) The resentment and struggle between the "haves" and "have-nots" are referred to as _____.

15) Male chauvinism is also known as _____.

16) In the context of the problems women face in the workplace, employees who choose the _____ are expected to work extra hours, ask for extra work, and work nights and weekends.

17) _____ is the negative attitude toward older people.

18) The overall purpose of the _____ is to allow people with disabilities to enjoy most of the benefits that everyone else enjoys.

19) _____ occurs when a person believes prejudicial remarks and assumptions, and in turn accepts being treated in a discriminatory manner—which may include falling for the self-fulfilling prophecy.

20) _____ is the condition that occurs when companies hire employees who are frequent targets of discrimination into all levels within the company.

21) _____ are your thoughts or beliefs about specific groups of people.

A) Prejudices
B) Discriminations
C) Self-fulfilling prophecies
D) Stereotypes

22) _____ is the way you feel as a result of the stereotypes you believe in.

A) Prejudice
B) Discrimination
C) A self-fulfilling prophecy
D) Perception

23) Identify a true statement about prejudice.

A) It is a behavior or act resulting from a person's beliefs or thoughts.
B) It is an intentional act to exclude members of a specific group.
C) It reflects how a person feels as a result of the stereotypes he or she believes in.
D) It occurs when two people, who know each other extremely well, begin to judge each other.

24) Institutional prejudice occurs when:

A) the employees of an organization are involved in groupthink because of time pressure, stress, and low collective self-esteem.
B) the policies in an organization that are not intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups have a discriminatory effect.
C) the employees of an organization turn an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
D) an organization deliberately hires more men as compared with women.

25) Which of the following statements is true of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A) It excluded as employers government and other public institutions.
B) It covered any employer who employed at least 15 people for at least 20 weeks per year.
C) It established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
D) It made it illegal to discriminate against anyone on the basis of age.

26) The _____ was established to monitor the amended Civil Rights Act of 1972 and related laws.

A) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
B) Better Business Bureau (BBB)
C) U.S. Merit System Protection Board
D) Human and Civil Rights Organizations of America (HCROA)

27) Cognitive origin of prejudice deals with prejudice that arises from:

A) the need to feel higher in status than others.
B) a high level of self-esteem.
C) the ability to categorize people quickly.
D) a belief in ethnocentrism.

28) Which of the following statements is a social theory of prejudice?

A) Prejudices arise because people look for a target to blame when frustrated.
B) Prejudices arise from the need to categorize people quickly.
C) Prejudices arise when people try to raise their own self-esteem.
D) Prejudices arise because people see their own ethnic groups as the most normal.

29) Cognitive categorization is best described as:

A) the process of identifying categories of stimuli before the mind starts processing any information.
B) the ability of some people to simultaneously process information belonging to different categories.
C) a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.
D) a psychoanalytic tool used to probe the unconscious needs underlying our statements.

30) Identify a cognitive cause of prejudice.

A) People need to feel accepted, leading them to rate other groups as inferior.
B) Sorting people quickly in order to function efficiently leads to prejudice.
C) People feel superior when they are able to identify other groups of people as inferior.
D) The struggle and resentment between the haves and the have-nots lead to prejudice.

31) Scapegoating refers to the practice of:

A) accepting defeat in an organizational conflict.
B) assigning people to cognitive boxes and then negatively evaluating them.
C) discriminating against people over the age of 40.
D) unfairly blaming others when something goes wrong.

32) Which of the following best exemplifies the practice of scapegoating?

A) Karl discriminates against African-American employees.
B) Rex passes lewd comments about his female colleagues.
C) Tina believes that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D) Carl unfairly blames his team members for his failure to meet a deadline.

33) Ethnocentrism is an emotional source of prejudice because of:

A) the ability of people to quickly sort information into categories to function efficiently.
B) the tendency of people to unfairly blame others (such as ethnic groups) when something goes wrong.
C) people's gut-level feelings about how right their group is and how wrong other groups are.
D) people's need to raise their self-esteem by identifying other groups as inferior.

34) Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?

A) Ethnocentrism is a cognitive source of prejudice.
B) It is the belief that people belonging to all ethnic groups are normal.
C) It is the belief that other ethnic groups are more normal than one's own ethnic group.
D) The phenomenon of ethnocentrism is not always intentional.

35) Which of the following is a social cause of prejudice?

A) The need of people to define themselves and conform to a group's standards
B) The tendency of people to view their own ethnic groups as the most normal
C) The tendency of people to quickly sort information into categories to function efficiently
D) The need of people to look for a target to blame when they are frustrated

36) Which of the following is a theory that has been put forth about how social factors cause prejudice?

A) People feel that their own ethnic group is the most normal.
B) People feel superior when they identify other groups as inferior.
C) People have the ability and the need to categorize other people quickly.
D) People look for a target to blame when they are frustrated.

37) Valencia is of the opinion that her culture is superior to other cultures. She criticizes the beliefs of people belonging to other cultures. Valencia's attitude best exemplifies:

A) ageism.
B) nepotism.
C) sexism.
D) ethnocentrism.

38) Which of the following is a result of choosing the mommy track over the fast track when climbing the career ladder?

A) Being asked to work extra hours
B) Fewer promotions or raises
C) Foregoing domestic responsibilities
D) Greater job satisfaction

39) Which of the following statements is true of homosexuality?

A) It refers to people who are sexually attracted to multiple genders.
B) There is reason to believe that homosexuals are less reliable than heterosexuals as homosexuality is genetically determined.
C) There is no reason to believe that homosexuals do their jobs any better or worse than anyone else.
D) It has been established in the United States that homosexuality is a chosen lifestyle and should be a protected category.

40) Prejudice and discrimination toward older people are referred to as:

A) procrastination.
B) ageism.
C) egocentrism.
D) nepotism.

41) Which of the following best exemplifies ageism?

A) Benson looks down on his female colleagues.
B) Lilac Star Inc. mostly hires white Americans.
C) Tara is of the opinion that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D) Blue Mark Inc. forces its employees to retire at 45.

42) In the United States, which of the following questions is most likely to be considered illegal in interviews when hiring?

A) "Susan, why should we hire you?"
B) "Susan, could you describe how you resolved any conflict, personal or professional, in your last organization?"
C) "Susan, you've been married for four years. So, when are you planning to have children?"
D) "Susan, what contribution would you make to our organization if given the job?"

43) When sexual harassment relates to indirect actions like posting pornography or talking about sex in a manner that makes others uncomfortable, this is called creating a(n):

A) open culture.
B) sexist stereotype.
C) hostile environment.
D) gender-neutral environment.

44) Greg, the manager of a retail store, puts up pornographic images on the walls of his office cubicle. This act of Greg can be construed as:

A) ageism.
B) sexual harassment.
C) racial discrimination.
D) ethnocentrism.

45) Janice's manager, Mr. Stone, makes it a point to compliment her every day and sometimes comments on her perfect figure. These comments make Janice uncomfortable. Mr. Stone's behavior could be construed as:

A) sexual harassment.
B) racism.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) institutionalized prejudice.

46) The worst reaction to incidents of sexual harassment is:

A) a violent response.
B) no response.
C) a lawsuit.
D) reciprocal harassment.

47) The simplest and most effective method to stop sexual harassment at a workplace is:

A) filing a suit.
B) reporting the incident to the top management.
C) threatening to inform fellow employees.
D) just asking or telling the person to stop.

48) Identify a true statement about sexual harassment.

A) The best response to sexual harassment is to create a hostile environment for the perpetrator.
B) Sexual harassment is limited to the harassment of female employees by male superiors.
C) Indirect actions like talking about sex in a manner that makes others uncomfortable are a form of sexual harassment.
D) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports that the most common type of harassment consists of showing sexually explicit material.

49) A general observation about extremely prejudiced people is that:

A) they may suffer from low levels of self-esteem.
B) they are least likely to have an ethnocentric view.
C) they are typically older people with dated views on life and society.
D) they often have little trouble accepting the basic humanity of others.

50) In his book on prejudice, Gordon Allport has stated that the effects of being victimized by discrimination fall into the two categories of:

A) violent responses and no responses.
B) internalized prejudice and internalized aggression.
C) ethnocentric view and egocentric view.
D) blaming oneself and blaming external causes.

51) A self-fulfilling prophecy is best described as:

A) a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.
B) the tendency for a prediction to actually occur once it is believed.
C) a calculated prediction regarding the behavioral tendencies of an employee.
D) a behavioral pattern that leads to a prediction of future behavioral tendencies.

52) Equal status refers to the condition that occurs:

A) when all employees feel equally discriminated within a company.
B) when employees of the same status within a company have to face discrimination of the same nature.
C) when different ethnic groups in a company cooperate with each other.
D) when companies hire employees who are frequent targets of discrimination into all levels within the company.

53) Which of the following is an important ingredient for reducing prejudice?

A) Competition
B) Proximity
C) Filtering
D) Compensating

54) Which of the following terms is defined as a relationship in which members of different groups not only must cooperate but also must rely on each other to reach common goals?

A) Relatedness
B) Groupthink
C) Interdependence
D) Incrementalism

55) Give an example each of a positive and a negative stereotype.

56) Discuss prejudice and bias.

57) What are the measures taken by the U.S. government toward eliminating discrimination in the workplace?

58) What are the three categories of origins of prejudice?

59) List the various theories that have been put forth about how social factors cause prejudice.

60) What is cognitive categorization?

61) What is ethnocentrism?

62) What leads to ethnocentrism?

63) Describe racism.

64) What is economic prejudice?

65) Discuss sexism.

66) What are the two tracks women have to choose from when climbing the career ladder in most companies?

67) Discuss the controversy regarding homosexuality in the workplace.

68) List three myths concerning hiring people with disabilities.

69) Discuss pregnancy as a cause of discrimination in the workplace.

70) Define sexual harassment.

71) What is a hostile environment?

72) Suggest steps to stop sexual harassment at a workplace.

73) Discuss Gordon Allport's stand on the victims of discrimination.

74) Define self-fulfilling prophecy.

75) What are the important ingredients that help reduce prejudice and discrimination in a workplace?

76) List three steps that a manager can take to prevent sexual harassment in the workplace.

77) According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of American companies engaging directly in competition with overseas companies will decrease in the coming years.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Prejudice is one type of attitude.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) All attitudes have three parts: what you think, feel, and do.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination form the three parts of a prejudiced attitude.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) Prejudice is the way you behave as a result of your stereotypes.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) For a belief to be termed a stereotype, it has to be a negative belief about members of a given group.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) Whether positive or negative, a stereotype is potentially damaging because it lumps everyone into one group without recognizing his or her individual characteristics.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) Stereotypes hurt minorities, women, men, and members of other groups.

⊚ true
⊚ false

85) Hiring, promotions, and job evaluations are areas where stereotypes can affect who is accepted or passed over.

⊚ true
⊚ false

86) A bias is a tendency to judge people before one knows them, basing the judgment only on their membership in some group or category of people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

87) Discrimination is acting or intending to act, or being inclined to act, on a prejudicial attitude.

⊚ true
⊚ false

88) Discriminatory policies in the workplace that are intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups or to treat them differently are known as exclusionary policies.

⊚ true
⊚ false

89) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate against anyone in the workplace because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

⊚ true
⊚ false

90) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established to monitor the laws laid down by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

⊚ true
⊚ false

91) Ethnocentrism is one of the social sources from which prejudices originate.

⊚ true
⊚ false

92) It's easier for people to feel superior when they are able to identify other groups of people as inferior.

⊚ true
⊚ false

93) One of the theories on prejudice states that prejudice helps people define themselves and feel socially accepted.

⊚ true
⊚ false

94) Scapegoating is the practice of blaming yourself unfairly when things go wrong.

⊚ true
⊚ false

95) Selective perception is a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.

⊚ true
⊚ false

96) One way of avoiding prejudices is to assign people to cognitive boxes and then evaluate them.

⊚ true
⊚ false

97) Ethnocentrism is an emotional source of prejudice because of people's gut-level feelings about how right their group is.

⊚ true
⊚ false

98) One of the theories about the emotional causes of prejudice is that people look for a target to blame when they are frustrated.

⊚ true
⊚ false

99) Ethnocentrism is making it easy to overcome racial prejudice.

⊚ true
⊚ false

100) Economic prejudice is defined as prejudice and discrimination by someone toward people who are poorer or wealthier than him or her.

⊚ true
⊚ false

101) One of the theories of prejudice is that competition leads to frustration and aggression.

⊚ true
⊚ false

102) Unlike other prejudices, economic prejudice typically goes one way as it usually involves the rich looking down on the poor.

⊚ true
⊚ false

103) Sexism is the response to male chauvinism in organizations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

104) Prejudice and discrimination based on gender are known as sexism.

⊚ true
⊚ false

105) Placing a woman on a pedestal is the solution to the sexist attitude of considering her as being of less worth.

⊚ true
⊚ false

106) A key ingredient for people to begin to understand and appreciate members of other groups is contact.

⊚ true
⊚ false