Ch15 Business Ethics – Complete Test Bank – 6th Ed

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Student name:__________

1) _____ deals with the standards of conduct and morals in a particular society.

2) When one is trying to find an excuse for behavior that causes embarrassment, shame, anxiety, or pain, it is called _____.

3) _____ are defined as formalized sets of ethical guidelines developed by some companies for use at all levels of an organization.

4) _____ is the term used to refer to the practice of currying favor, or kissing up, with a manager to achieve your own goals.

5) _____ results when people encounter someone in need and look the other way because other people's goals or a group's pressures override the need.

6) Depending on the culture, those who are in the _____ could be family members, tribal members, or trusted friends.

7) _____ is a practice commonly seen in developing countries based upon mutual obligation and resulting in the exchange of favors over years and even generations.

8) In the context of global ethics issues, the practice of future favors is called _____ by traditional Japanese.

9) _____ means putting ethical standards to work in all areas of the global community in which you live.

10) According to _____, the government and general public are responsible for solving social problems, not companies.

11) The term _____ refers to any group that a business interacts with, such as customers, competitors, unions, suppliers, consumer groups, and government agencies.

12) According to _____, a company is responsible not just to make a profit, but also to answer to customers, competitors, unions, suppliers, consumer groups, government agencies, and so on.

13) _____ holds that companies are not just responsible to their profit margin and their stakeholders, but they are also responsible to the general public and society at large.

14) People who volunteer for beach clean-up activities, recycling centers, child mentoring activities, and so on, are demonstrating _____ at the individual level.

15) One strategy to counter unethical practices in the workplace is _____, which involves turning in an offending person or people and exposing the truth.

16) The first law passed to protect whistleblowers was the _____.

17) The ethical tone of an organization nearly always originates in _____ and moves downward.

18) _____ occurs when one employee is given extra privileges and allowances.

19) Managers should be careful not to set a bad example by engaging in _____, which refers to using company expense budgets for items of doubtful use for the company.

20) _____ is a newer form of whistleblowing that uses computers and computer networks to promote political rights, free speech, human rights, and freedom of information ethics.

21) Ethics:

A) merely deals with an organization's performance guidelines.
B) addresses the deeper issues of fairness, equity, and compromise than morality.
C) deals with how behavior should generally conform to cultural ideals.
D) refers to the disciplinary practices mandated by the safety requirements of a company.

22) _____ deals with how behavior should generally conform to cultural ideals of right and wrong.

A) Social responsibility
B) Fudging
C) Ethics
D) Morality

23) Laws are different from ethical standards because:

A) laws are based on common knowledge, whereas ethics is a subject of study and contemplation.
B) laws are specific codes of conduct, whereas ethics deals with how behavior should generally conform to cultural ideals of right and wrong.
C) law violations carry specific penalties, whereas ethics violations are not always punishable.
D) laws refer to specific acts, whereas ethics is more of a feeling.

24) The common perception that business and ethics do not go together is based on the misunderstanding that:

A) one cannot make money in business without being corrupt.
B) it is difficult to pin down when ethics violations occur.
C) one cannot mix ethics that is rooted in religion with business.
D) it is not always possible to punish ethical violations.

25) Identify an accurate statement about ethics.

A) Businesses generally uphold the highest ethical standards.
B) Businesses usually have written guidelines on how to act when ethics are violated.
C) Ethical guidelines are often present in a written format.
D) Ethical guidelines are narrower in scope than moral guidelines.

26) _____ are formalized sets of guidelines, which deal with the standards of conduct and morals in a particular society, developed by some companies for use at all levels of an organization.

A) Articles of association
B) Mission statements
C) Ethical codes
D) Value statements

27) The _____ is an ethical philosophy that holds that all decisions should be consistent, unbiased, and based on fact.

A) principle of justice
B) principle of utilitarianism
C) principle of individualism
D) principle of relativity

28) The principle of utilitarianism focuses on making sure that:

A) all decisions are consistent, unbiased, and based on fact.
B) all decisions do the greatest good for the largest number of people.
C) all primary goals should achieve long-term self-interests.
D) all employees have easy and fast access to legal assistance.

29) The principle of _____ holds that a person's primary goal is to achieve long-term self-interests.

A) utilitarianism
B) individual rights
C) relativity
D) individualism

30) Which of the following questions forms the basis for the categorical imperative?

A) What should I expect in return for a future favor?
B) What would the world—or my company—be like if everyone were to do this?
C) What is the right course of action in a situation like this?
D) What financial benefit will I receive if I go ahead with this decision or action?

31) According to Saul Gellerman, unethical behavior in the workplace can start with any of these rationalizations EXCEPT:

A) a belief that the unethical behavior is within ethical and legal limits.
B) a belief that because the chosen behavior will work for the best interest of either the individual or the company, the company would expect that it be carried out.
C) a belief that the behavior is the only course of action available for the situation.
D) a belief that because the chosen behavior helps the company, the company will go along with it and protect the person.

32) _____ is a term that means finding an excuse for behavior that causes embarrassment, shame, anxiety, or pain.

A) Whistleblowing
B) Rationalizing
C) Dissonance reduction
D) Social loafing

33) Identify a true statement about people with high self-esteem.

A) They are most likely to focus on the short-term benefits rather than the long-term benefits of rationalization.
B) They engage in rationalization to justify unethical behavior.
C) They engage in unethical behavior only when it is within legal limits and is helpful for the company.
D) They are most likely to act in a socially responsible way.

34) A piece of advice for people who find themselves having to employ "boss massaging" is to:

A) seek the short-term gains of unethical behavior.
B) remember that no one can force them to act unethically.
C) justify the action even though it seems unethical.
D) mentally manipulate the facts.

35) Which of the following statements is true of the influence of group goals?

A) People who have learned helping behavior in their families and communities do not face difficulties transferring those behaviors to the workplace.
B) There is no evidence suggesting that people change their ethical standards between home and work.
C) When encountering someone in need, many people look the other way because other people's goals or a group's pressures override the need.
D) Employees seldom need to examine how their personal ethics fit into the ethics of the firm.

36) _____ refers to a clique of trusted family members, tribal members, or friends who are at the center of power or influence.

A) Trust territory
B) Inner circle
C) Power group
D) Primary network

37) In the context of global ethics, which of the following is an example of an inner circle?

A) A company's agents and suppliers
B) A supervisor and his subordinates at a manufacturing firm
C) Head members of a tribe on an island
D) Members of a parliament

38) Which of the following statements is true of future favors?

A) This practice is called inner duty by the Kenyans and inner relationship by the Japanese.
B) This practice refers to the use of company expense budgets for items of doubtful use to the company.
C) This practice translates into "making decisions that promise to do the greatest good for the largest number of people."
D) This practice can be found in nearly any culture that respects the inner circle concept.

39) _____ is a practice seen in developing countries based upon mutual obligation and resulting in the exchange of privileges over years and even generations.

A) Laissez-faire
B) Future favors
C) Whistleblowing
D) The categorical imperative

40) Which of the following is most likely related to the concept of the inner circle?

A) Gift exchange
B) Laissez-faire system
C) Content conflict
D) Free-rein leadership

41) _____ means putting ethical standards to work in all areas of the global community in which an individual lives.

A) Social responsibility
B) Hacktivism
C) Best practice
D) Moral responsibility

42) Identify a true statement about traditional social responsibility.

A) It commits a company to having ethical responsibilities in making profit.
B) It holds that companies are responsible primarily to their stakeholders.
C) It focuses on customer satisfaction as its primary objective.
D) It states that an organization is responsible only to itself and to making a profit.

43) The _____ view of social responsibility is often criticized as selfish and destructive.

A) traditional
B) public
C) stakeholder
D) accountability

44) In the context of social responsibility, _____ emerged in the 1930s during the Great Depression, when views on employee rights and human relations underwent significant progress.

A) traditional social responsibility
B) affirmative social responsibility
C) stakeholder social responsibility
D) public social responsibility

45) Which of the following is the most broadly based perspective of social responsibility?

A) Traditional social responsibility
B) Individual social responsibility
C) Stakeholder social responsibility
D) Affirmative social responsibility

46) According to _____, companies should be expected to avoid creating social problems such as pollution and poverty, and to work toward goals that improve conditions for everyone.

A) reciprocal social responsibility
B) traditional social responsibility
C) affirmative social responsibility
D) private social responsibility

47) Which of the following refers to the practice of turning in or otherwise exposing people who behave unethically in your company?

A) Social loafing
B) Scapegoating
C) Ostracizing
D) Whistleblowing

48) Identify a true statement about whistleblowing.

A) Employees in the 21st century face very little resistance to whistleblowing.
B) The process of whistleblowing was simplified by the Lloyd–La Follette Act of 1912.
C) Most employees refrain from whistleblowing because of fears of retaliation at workplace.
D) Individual states have been denied the right to have their own whistleblower protection laws by the Supreme Court.

49) The best solution against whistleblowing is:

A) stating the terms of whistleblowing at the recruitment or induction stage.
B) having the kind of leadership that makes whistleblowing unnecessary.
C) declaring a moratorium on whistleblowing.
D) discouraging whistleblowing through posters opposing it.

50) _____ is a consequence of an organization's management having low ethical standards.

A) Striving for the benefit of stakeholders
B) The impostor phenomenon
C) The Aslan phenomenon
D) Fudging with the expense budget

51) Define morality.

52) How is ethics different from law?

53) What is the common view on ethics and business?

54) What are the two major misperceptions that affect people's understanding of ethics?

55) Briefly discuss the ethical challenges of the Internet.

56) Define ethical codes, and list the ethical philosophies that act as the basis for these codes.

57) Explain the principle of justice.

58) How is the principle of individual rights different from the principle of individualism?

59) What is the categorical imperative?

60) Illustrate the principle of utilitarianism with an example.

61) What are the four basic rationalizations that prompt unethical behavior in the workplace, as identified by management expert Saul Gellerman?

62) How does self-esteem affect ethical behavior?

63) When does "getting ahead in the company" become unethical?

64) Briefly discuss the roots of American values.

65) How does tradition influence the enforcement of law?

66) Describe the concept of "the inner circle."

67) Define the concept of "future favors." How is it different from the similar American concept?

68) Does gift exchange amount to bribery?

69) Describe the three views of social responsibility.

70) Define whistleblowing and hacktivism.

71) Ethics deals with how behavior should generally conform to cultural ideals of right and wrong.

⊚ true
⊚ false

72) Ethics often addresses deeper issues of fairness, equity, and compromise than does morality.

⊚ true
⊚ false

73) Morality deals with the standards of conduct and morals in a particular society.

⊚ true
⊚ false

74) Laws are different from moral standards because they are always set down in writing, and descriptions of them are available to the public.

⊚ true
⊚ false

75) The common public perception is that profit and morality simply do not mix, and that one can't make money without becoming corrupt.

⊚ true
⊚ false

76) A general fact about ethical problems is that they have simple solutions in which right and wrong are always obvious.

⊚ true
⊚ false

77) A common public misconception is that ethics is simply a matter of complying with a set of rules or regulations.

⊚ true
⊚ false

78) Ethics violations are always punishable by law.

⊚ true
⊚ false

79) Copyright infringement is one of the leading ethics issues in Internet ethics.

⊚ true
⊚ false

80) Value statements are formalized sets of ethical guidelines developed by some companies for use at all levels of an organization.

⊚ true
⊚ false

81) Codes of ethics are based on the principles of justice.

⊚ true
⊚ false

82) The principle of justice focuses on making sure that all decisions are consistent, unbiased, and based on fact.

⊚ true
⊚ false

83) The principle of individual rights focuses on basic human rights and the dignity of the individual.

⊚ true
⊚ false

84) The principle of utilitarianism means making decisions that promise to do the greatest good for the largest number of people.

⊚ true
⊚ false

85) The principle of justice is an ethical principle that results from the question, "What would the world—or my company—be like if everyone were to do this?"

⊚ true
⊚ false

86) Rationalizing is the preferred way to handle an unethical situation or incident.

⊚ true
⊚ false

87) One of the four basic rationalizations that lead to unethical behavior is that it is within ethical and legal limits.

⊚ true
⊚ false

88) One of the four basic rationalizations that lead to unethical behavior is the belief that nobody will notice.

⊚ true
⊚ false

89) Rationalization is often done with conscious thought.

⊚ true
⊚ false

90) People with high self-esteem are more likely to seek the short-term gains of unethical behavior.

⊚ true
⊚ false

91) People with high self-esteem are more likely to feel a healthy connection with others around them.

⊚ true
⊚ false

92) Most people do not judge those who practice "boss massaging" because it is so common.

⊚ true
⊚ false

93) People who find themselves in a "boss massaging" situation should remember that no one can force them to act unethically.

⊚ true
⊚ false

94) Research by social scientists shows that many people change their ethical standards between home and work.

⊚ true
⊚ false

95) If a compromise between personal ethics and the ethics of the firm you work for is necessary to continue as an employee, make sure that the compromise translates into a tangible gain for your personal or professional future.

⊚ true
⊚ false

96) The values and customs of countries other than those of the Western developed world are inferior, primitive, or degraded.

⊚ true
⊚ false

97) If the community is the enforcer of law, one can easily see why tradition would overcome any written law in most cases.

⊚ true
⊚ false

98) Future favors refer to the practice of currying favor with a manager to achieve one's own goals.

⊚ true
⊚ false

99) The practice of future favors can be found in cultures that ignore the inner circle concept.

⊚ true
⊚ false

100) Whistleblowing refers to the practice of turning in an offending person or people and exposing the truth.

⊚ true
⊚ false