Ch11 – Urinary System | Test Bank – 16e

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Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 11 Urinary System

1) How are excretion and defecation alike?

A) Both are carried out by the urinary system.

B) Both eliminate waste from the body.

C) Both are carried out by the digestive system.

D) Both involve the kidneys.

E) Both involve the colon.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3) Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?

A) excretion of metabolic wastes

B) maintenance of water-salt balance

C) maintenance of acid-base balance

D) secretion of hormones

E) All of the answer choices are functions of the urinary system.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D, and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5) Why does urine frequently have an acidic pH?

A) The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood.

B) The kidneys produce H+ in the process of filtering the blood.

C) The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood.

D) There is a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the urine, making it highly acidic.

E) The kidneys absorb H+ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.03 Explain how the kidneys assist in the maintenance of the pH levels of the blood.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6) Which of the following is a metabolic waste product?

A) urea

B) ammonia

C) creatinine

D) uric acid

E) All of the answer choices are metabolic waste products.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8) Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine?

A) bladder

B) kidney

C) ureter

D) renal pelvis

E) urethra

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9) What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

A) skeletal muscle and mucous membrane

B) mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue

C) mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue

D) skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage

E) fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

E) five

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) The urethra is controlled by two sphincters, one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) The urethra in females is much longer than in males.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13) Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males?

A) bladder

B) ureters

C) kidneys

D) urethra

E) renal pelvis

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) Which of the following is part of the kidney?

A) cortex

B) medulla

C) pelvis

D) collecting ducts

E) All of the answer choices are parts of the kidney.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Identify the structures of a human kidney.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

A) renal cortex to the renal medulla

B) renal cortex to the renal pelvis

C) renal medulla to the renal cortex

D) renal medulla to the renal pelvis

E) renal pelvis to the renal medulla

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Identify the structures of a human kidney.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16) The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Identify the structures of a human kidney.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) The renal pelvis is continuous with the

A) renal cortex.

B) bladder.

C) urethra.

D) ureter.

E) nephrons.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Identify the structures of a human kidney.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18) Which of the following is part of a nephron?

A) glomerular capsule

B) proximal convoluted tubule

C) loop of Henle

D) collecting duct

E) All of the answer choices are parts of a nephron. 

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) Each nephron has its own collecting duct.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) What is located within the glomerular capsule?

A) the renal cortex

B) the loop of Henle

C) several collecting ducts

D) a knot of capillaries

E) the peritubular capillary network

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) A nephron is a two-way system with glomerular filtrate traveling back and forth within the nephron.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) Place the parts of the nephron in order of how filtration would occur.

1. ascending limb of loop

2. descending limb of loop 

3. proximal convoluted tubule 

4. glomerulus

5. collecting duct

6. distal convoluted tubule

A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 6, 5

B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

C) 2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

D) 1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 5

E) 6, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23) Which part of the nephron contains podocytes?

A) distal convoluted tubule

B) proximal convoluted tubule

C) ascending limb of loop

D) descending limb of loop

E) glomerular capsule

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24) Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.02.02 Identify the structures of a nephron and state the function of each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25) Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?

A) diffusion down the concentration gradient

B) glomerular blood pressure

C) active transport

D) secretion

E) diffusion against the concentration gradient

Section: 11.03

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.01 Summarize the three processes involved in the formation of urine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the afferent arteriole.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.01 Summarize the three processes involved in the formation of urine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order. 

1. tubular secretion 

2. tubular reabsorption 

3. glomerular filtration

A) 1, 2, 3

B) 3, 2, 1

C) 1, 3, 2

D) 2, 3, 1

E) 2, 1, 3

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.01 Summarize the three processes involved in the formation of urine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28) Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules?

A) water

B) salt

C) H+

D) nutrients

E) plasma proteins

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.04 Explain the substances that are removed from the blood by tubular secretion.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29) What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine?

A) glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

B) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption

C) tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption

D) glomerular secretion and tubular reabsorption

E) glomerular secretion and tubular secretion

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 11.03.01 Summarize the three processes involved in the formation of urine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) While glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus, none is excreted in the urine. What happens to the glucose?

A) It is reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule.

B) It is secreted at the proximal convoluted tubule.

C) It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.

D) It is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule.

E) It is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.03.03 Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrient and salt molecules.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) Approximately 99% of the water that is filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.03.03 Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrient and salt molecules.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) Why does glucose appear in the urine of a diabetic?

A) The volume of urine is too great to filter.

B) No glucose is filtered into the glomerular filtrate.

C) The kidneys produce glucose in diabetes.

D) The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport.

E) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle secretes glucose into the urine.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.03.03 Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrient and salt molecules.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33) Less than 50% of which molecule is reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?

A) urea

B) water

C) sodium

D) glucose

E) amino acids

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.03.03 Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrient and salt molecules.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) Tubular reabsorption requires both passive and active modes of reabsorption.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.03 Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrient and salt molecules.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35) How is penicillin removed from the blood?

A) glomerular filtration

B) tubular secretion

C) tubular reabsorption

D) phagocytosis

E) passive transport

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.04 Explain the substances that are removed from the blood by tubular secretion.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36) In the analogy where the liver is like the sewage treatment plant, the kidneys are like

A) the trucks that take the waste out of town.

B) the people who produce the waste.

C) trash cans where the waste is stored.

D) the trucks that carry the waste from the people who produce it to the treatment plant.

E) trucks that produce the waste.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) Which of the following assists the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes?

A) liver

B) sweat glands

C) muscles

D) blood

E) All of the answer choices assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) The kidneys interact with every other organ system of the human body in maintaining homeostasis.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39) The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40) What hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule?

A) creatinine and renin

B) renin and aquaporin

C) aquaporin and aldosterone

D) aldosterone and renin

E) creatinine and aldosterone

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) Which of the hormones involved in the regulation of water-salt balance is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) aldosterone

B) renin

C) ADH

D) ANH

E) testosterone

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) If you do not drink enough water, which hormone will the hypothalamus produce to regulate urine production?

A) renin

B) ADH

C) ANH

D) aldosterone

E) diuretics

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) What effect does ANH have on renin?

A) It inhibits its secretion.

B) It inhibits its production.

C) It promotes its secretion.

D) It promotes its production.

E) It produces additional hormones that accelerate the production of renin.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44) ANH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45) If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume, what hormone will correct this?

A) renin

B) ADH

C) ANH

D) aldosterone

E) testosterone

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.02 State the purpose of ADH and aldosterone in homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) The inner medulla of the kidney is ________ to the loop of Henle and therefore, water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct.  

A) isotonic

B) hypertonic

C) hypotonic

D) balanced

E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47) After running a marathon, it is best to drink water to restore what was lost due to heavy sweating.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Why do some people avoid drinking beverages with caffeine right before bedtime?

A) It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night.

B) It decreases the flow of urine and can cause kidney stones.

C) It may affect the ability to sleep, but caffeine has very little effect on the urinary system.

D) It can cause a headache if consumed late at night.

E) It can lead to diarrhea.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 11.04.01 Summarize how the kidney maintains the water-salt balance of the body.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49) What is the normal pH of blood?

A) neutral

B) slightly basic

C) slightly acidic

D) extremely basic

E) extremely acidic

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.04.03 Explain how the kidneys assist in the maintenance of the pH levels of the blood.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood?

A) It does not affect the pH.

B) It raises the pH.

C) It lowers the pH.

D) It decreases the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood.

E) It increases the amount of hydroxide ions in the blood.

Section: 11.04

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.04.03 Explain how the kidneys assist in the maintenance of the pH levels of the blood.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51) What is an infection of the urinary bladder called?

A) cystitis

B) urethritis

C) pyelonephritis

D) hemodialysis

E) uremia

Section: 11.05

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.05.01 List the major diseases of the urinary system and summarize their causes.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

A) burning upon urination

B) extreme pain

C) albumin or formed elements in the urine

D) the absence of urination

E) edema

Section: 11.05

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.05.01 List the major diseases of the urinary system and summarize their causes.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) An enlarged prostate gland can lead to kidney stones in males.

Section: 11.05

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.05.01 List the major diseases of the urinary system and summarize their causes.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54) In CAPD, what serves as the dialysis membrane?

A) the walls of the blood vessels

B) a filter inside the instrument

C) the kidneys themselves

D) the peritoneum

E) the pleural membrane

Section: 11.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.05.02 Describe how hemodialysis can help restore homeostasis of the blood in the event of kidney failure.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55) Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis?

A) to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood

B) because it is easily infected

C) because it enters the body and is absorbed

D) because it is lost by urination

E) because it biodegrades rapidly

Section: 11.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.05.02 Describe how hemodialysis can help restore homeostasis of the blood in the event of kidney failure.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56) The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low.

Section: 11.05

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.05.02 Describe how hemodialysis can help restore homeostasis of the blood in the event of kidney failure.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57) List the components of the glomerular filtrate and indicate where they can be found.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 11.03.02 List the components of the glomerular filtrate.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58) Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion?

A) H+

B) Na+

C) aldosterone

D) water

E) Cl-

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 11.03.04 Explain the substances that are removed from the blood by tubular secretion.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

59) List the functions of the urinary system.

1. excretion of metabolic wastes

2. maintenance of water-salt balance

3. maintenance of acid-base balance

4. secretion of hormones

5. reabsorption of filtered nutrients

6. synthesis of vitamin D

Section: 11.01

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

60) Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system?

A) synthesis of vitamin D

B) excretion of metabolic wastes

C) secretion of hormones

D) maintenance of acid-base balance

E) maintenance of water-salt balance

Section: 11.01

Topic: Excretory/Urinary System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

61) Explain the three steps involved in urine formation.

∙ Glomerular filtration: water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule.

∙ Tubular reabsorption: nutrient and salt molecules are actively reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules into the peritubular capillary network, and water flows passively.

∙ Tubular secretion: certain ions and molecules are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules.

Section: 11.03

Topic: Human Urinary System

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 11.03.01 Summarize the three processes involved in the formation of urine.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation