Muscular System | Ch13 – Complete Test Bank – 16e

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Human Biology, 16e (Mader)

Chapter 13 Muscular System

1) What do smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle all have in common?

A) They are all uninucleated.

B) They are all striated.

C) They are all found in the walls of blood vessels.

D) The cells of these muscles are all called muscle fibers.

E) They all interlock at intercalated disks.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) Of the three types of muscle tissue, which has multinucleated fibers?

A) smooth muscle

B) cardiac muscle

C) skeletal muscle

D) both smooth and skeletal muscles

E) both cardiac and smooth muscles

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.; 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3) Of the three types of muscle tissue, which is voluntary?

A) smooth muscle

B) cardiac muscle

C) skeletal muscle

D) both smooth and skeletal

E) both cardiac and skeletal

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) Skeletal muscle contractions play a role in returning the venous blood to the heart.

Section: 13.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.05.01 Summarize the role of the muscular and skeletal systems in movement.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5) What is found within the intercalated disks of cardiac muscle?

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum

B) gap junctions

C) dense connective tissue

D) bone

E) myoglobin

Section: 13.01

Topic: Cardiac Muscle

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6) List the functions of the skeletal muscles.

1. Support of the body.

2. Movement of the bones and other body structures.

3. Maintenance of fluids in the cardiovascular and lymphatic system.

4. Maintenance of a constant body temperature.

5. Protection of the internal organs and the stabilization of joints.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) Because the heart beats continuously, cardiac fibers never relax completely.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Cardiac Muscle

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.01.01 List the three types of muscles and provide a function for each.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8) Explain the structural differences between the thick and thin myofilaments.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 13.02.01 Identify the structures of a muscle fiber.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9) Explain the differences between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Slow-twitch muscle fibers have motor units with fewer muscle fibers. They have stamina and are useful in endurance activities. The energy is produced aerobically. They have many mitochondria and are dark in color because they contain myoglobin. These have a high resistance to fatigue due to their reserve of glycogen and fat.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 6. Create

Learning Outcome: 13.03.04 Distinguish between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) From the outside of a muscle coming in, the first thing encountered would be

A) fascia.

B) fascicle.

C) dense connective tissue.

D) muscle fiber.

E) myofibril.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) What structure attaches a muscle to a bone?

A) ligaments

B) tendons

C) bursae

D) sarcolemma

E) sarcoplasm

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) What muscle works in a pair with the biceps brachii?

A) the triceps brachii

B) the trapezius

C) the masseter

D) the pectoralis major

E) the sartorius

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

13) Muscles can only pull; they cannot push.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) The origin of a muscle is on a stationary bone.

Section: 13.01

Topic: Skeletal Muscle Structure

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.02 Describe the general structure of a skeletal muscle.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) What is the deltoid muscle shaped like?

A) a long thin line

B) a square

C) a triangle

D) a circle

E) a trapezoid

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16) What does the word brevis mean when referring to a muscle?

A) large

B) small

C) huge

D) long

E) short

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) What is the name of the muscle that is responsible for blinking and winking?

A) latissimus dorsi

B) trapezius

C) pectoralis major

D) orbicularis oculi

E) extensor digitorum

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

18) What information does the word rectus give you about a muscle?

A) the size of the muscle fibers

B) the attachment of the muscle fibers

C) the action of the muscle fibers

D) the shape of the muscle fibers

E) the direction of muscle fibers

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) Which of the following does not attach to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A) rib

B) clavicle

C) sternum

D) mastoid process

E) skull

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) Which way does the adductor longus move the thigh?

A) away from the midline

B) toward the midline

C) in a circle

D) in a cone

E) towards the back

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) What is the biggest muscle (in terms of mass) in the body?

A) gluteus maximus

B) sartorius

C) stapedius

D) quadriceps femoris

E) latissimus dorsi

Section: 13.01

Topic: Muscle Names

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.01.03 Recognize how skeletal muscles are named.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) What does the word sarco mean?

A) large

B) short

C) muscle

D) tubule

E) smooth

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.02.01 Identify the structures of a muscle fiber.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

23) Several of the structures in the muscle cell are given special names. For example, the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called the sarcoplasm. Which of the following is truly a unique structure to muscle cells (not just a renamed one)? 

A) cytoplasm

B) nucleus

C) endoplasmic reticulum

D) transverse (T) system

E) plasma membrane

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 13.02.01 Identify the structures of a muscle fiber.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24) A muscle fiber is made up of many

A) muscle cells.

B) T tubules.

C) myofibrils.

D) fascicles.

E) bursa.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.01 Identify the structures of a muscle fiber.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

25) One sarcomere

A) extends from Z line to Z line.

B) is composed of many myofibrils.

C) contains only actin fibers.

D) is composed of many muscle fibers.

E) surrounds each muscle in the body.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.01 Identify the structures of a muscle fiber.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) What ion is responsible for initiating muscle contraction?

A) Mg2+

B) Ca2+

C) H+

D) Cl-

E) Na+

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.03 Summarize how activities within the neuromuscular junction control muscle fiber contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) When a muscle contracts, the H band almost disappears.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.02 Explain how the sliding filament model is responsible for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

28) What happens to the actin and myosin filaments when a muscle contracts?

A) Both of them shorten.

B) Both of them lengthen.

C) Both stay the same length.

D) Actin shortens, while myosin lengthens.

E) Myosin shortens, while actin lengthens.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.02 Explain how the sliding filament model is responsible for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29) What supplies the energy for muscle contraction?

A) actin

B) myosin

C) tropomyosin

D) ATP

E) Ca2+

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.02 Explain how the sliding filament model is responsible for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) Each actin molecule is shaped like a golf club, with a straight portion ending in a globular head.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.02 Explain how the sliding filament model is responsible for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) What does troponin bind to, and what happens when it binds?

A) Ca2+; tropomyosin shifts

B) tropomyosin; the sarcomere relaxes

C) acetylcholine; the sarcomere shortens

D) ATP; tropomyosin returns to normal position

E) T tubules; the sarcomere shortens

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.02 Explain how the sliding filament model is responsible for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) What is the name of the small gap that separates the axon terminal of a nerve from the sarcolemma?

A) T tubule

B) sliding filament

C) synaptic cleft

D) synaptic vesicle

E) sarcoplasmic reticulum

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.02.03 Summarize how activities within the neuromuscular junction control muscle fiber contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33) When the nerve signal reaches the axon terminal, what happens next?

A) The muscle contracts.

B) The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter.

C) An electrical signal is formed that jumps the synaptic cleft.

D) H+ is pumped into the synaptic cleft.

E) Myosin is released from the axon terminal.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.03 Summarize how activities within the neuromuscular junction control muscle fiber contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) One motor neuron activates one muscle fiber.

Section: 13.02

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.02.03 Summarize how activities within the neuromuscular junction control muscle fiber contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35) One motor unit obeys a principle called the all-or-none law.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.03.01 List the stages of a muscle twitch and explain what is occurring in each stage.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36) Why is the innervation ratio in the ocular muscles one motor axon per 23 muscle fibers, whereas in the gastrocnemius muscle, it is one motor axon per 1,000 muscle fibers?

A) There are more nerves in the upper body than in the lower extremities.

B) The ocular muscles require finer control than moving the legs.

C) The innervation ratio has to do with the overall size of the muscle—the bigger the muscle, the fewer the muscle fibers per motor axon.

D) The gastrocnemius muscle contracts much harder than the ocular muscles do.

E) There are fewer muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle than in the ocular muscles.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 13.03.01 List the stages of a muscle twitch and explain what is occurring in each stage.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) What is happening during the latent period of a muscle twitch?

A) The muscle relaxes and returns to its former length.

B) Fresh ATP binds to the myosin, causing it to return to its resting position.

C) ADP and phosphate are released, and the power stroke of the contraction occurs.

D) The myosin-actin cross-bridges are broken and the sarcomere shortens.

E) The neurotransmitter is diffusing across the synaptic cleft, causing an electrical signal in the muscle cell.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.03.01 List the stages of a muscle twitch and explain what is occurring in each stage.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Which of the following occurs when a muscle fatigues?

A) Its energy reserves are depleted.

B) Stimulation discontinues.

C) Tetanus is achieved.

D) Acetylcholine bypasses the synaptic cleft.

E) The muscle contracts.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.03.02 Explain how summation and tetanus increase the strength of whole muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

39) In good muscle tone, how many motor units are contracted?

A) none

B) some

C) all

D) 5–10% of the motor units

E) 10–15% of the motor units

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.03.02 Explain how summation and tetanus increase the strength of whole muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

40) Contraction of a muscle requires all the motor units to be undergoing tetanic contraction.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.03.02 Explain how summation and tetanus increase the strength of whole muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) Of the three pathways for obtaining ATP for muscle contraction, which one requires oxygen?

A) only the creatine phosphate pathway

B) only fermentation

C) only respiration

D) fermentation and respiration

E) the creatine phosphate pathway and fermentation

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.03.03 Summarize how muscle cells produce ATP for muscle contraction.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) Of the three pathways for supplying ATP to the muscle, which pathway(s) do slow-twitch fibers prefer?

A) the creatine phosphate pathway

B) fermentation

C) aerobic respiration

D) the creatine phosphate pathway or fermentation

E) the creatine phosphate pathway or aerobic respiration

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.03.04 Distinguish between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) Jillian is a top-level cross-country runner due to her having predominantly slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 13.03.04 Distinguish between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44) Why are slow-twitch muscles darkly colored?

A) They have many more myofibrils per motor unit than fast-twitch fibers.

B) They are designed for strength and explosions of energy.

C) They need less blood than fast-twitch fibers.

D) They contain myoglobin.

E) They have fewer mitochondria.

Section: 13.03

Topic: Muscle Physiology

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.03.04 Distinguish between fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

45) What is the name of a sudden and involuntary muscular contraction, often accompanied by pain?

A) bursitis

B) sprain

C) strain

D) tic

E) spasm

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.04.01 Distinguish between common muscle conditions, such as strains and sprains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) What is the difference between a tic and a spasm?

A) A tic is a spasm that can be controlled voluntarily.

B) A tic is a strong and very painful spasm, especially of the leg and foot.

C) A tic is caused by stretching or tearing of a muscle, while a spasm is just an involuntary contraction.

D) A tic is caused by the inflammation of a tendon, while a spasm is just an involuntary contraction.

E) A tic refers to achy muscles, usually due to overexercise, while a spasm is just an involuntary contraction.

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.04.01 Distinguish between common muscle conditions, such as strains and sprains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

47) Which of the following injuries is most likely to happen to the ankle?

A) sprain

B) strain

C) convulsion

D) bursitis

E) muscular dystrophy

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 13.04.01 Distinguish between common muscle conditions, such as strains and sprains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Fibromyalgia is a temporary condition of achy muscles, usually due to overuse.

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.04.02 Summarize the causes of fibromyalgia, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and muscle cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49) Which muscle injury is characterized by a twisting of a joint leading to swelling and injury?

A) sprain

B) strain

C) tendinitis

D) bursitis

E) myalgia

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.04.01 Distinguish between common muscle conditions, such as strains and sprains.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) Which disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by weakness that especially affects the muscles of the eyelids, face, neck, and extremities?

A) myalgia

B) muscular dystrophy

C) myasthenia gravis

D) tendinitis

E) bursitis

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.04.02 Summarize the causes of fibromyalgia, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and muscle cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51) Leiomyomas are a type of smooth muscle cancer that occur in the uterine wall.

Section: 13.04

Topic: Human Muscular System

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.04.02 Summarize the causes of fibromyalgia, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and muscle cancer.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) What is the reservoir for Ca2+ in the body?

A) muscles

B) bones

C) liver

D) brain

E) blood

Section: 13.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 13.05.01 Summarize the role of the muscular and skeletal systems in movement.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) What happens when the arrector pili muscles contract?

A) Your head nods "yes."

B) Your leg kicks out.

C) The hairs on your skin stand on end.

D) The blood from your skin is rerouted to your core.

E) You tap your finger.

Section: 13.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 13.05.02 Summarize the role of the muscular system in body temperature homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54) Temperature-sensitive neurons in the skin are responsible for initiating shivering.

Section: 13.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 13.05.02 Summarize the role of the muscular system in body temperature homeostasis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55) If you lock your knees while standing, you may pass out because of the lack of venous return to the heart.

Section: 13.05

Topic: Homeostasis

Bloom's: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 13.05.01 Summarize the role of the muscular and skeletal systems in movement.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation