Chapter 11: The Incarceration of Women

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. All of the following was a condition of early prisons for women EXCEPT for _____.

A. solitary confinement

B. physical and sexual abuse

C. unmonitored time with male inmates

D. availability of mental health services

2. The first female prison facility was opened in ______.

A. 1839

B. 1856

C. 1888

D. 1901

3. The first stand-alone prison for women was built in ______.

A. New York

B. Texas

C. Indiana

D. California

4. The use of custodial institutions was more prevalent in the ______.

A. South

B. West

C. East

D. North

5. ______ are superficial relationships that involve low levels of trust between inmates

A. Acquaintances

B. Girlfriends

C. Friends

D. Enemies

6. All of the following are female inmate relationship categorized by Severance EXCEPT for _____.

A. acquaintances

B. girlfriends

C. friends

D. enemies

7. Which of the following is used most often to treat mental illness among women prisoners?

A. Medication

B. Counseling

C. Cognitive–behavioral therapy

D. Recreation

8. Women in custodial institutions were typically convicted on _____.

A. Status offenses

B. Property crimes

C. White-Collar crimes

D. Victimless crimes

9. Reformatories offered women opportunities for ______.

A. mental health care

B. rehabilitation

C. restitution

D. community supervision

10. Which of the following is true about the prison nursery program at Bedford Hills Correctional Facility in New York?

A. The program includes parenting classes and support groups.

B. The program allows women to stay for up to 1 year.

C. The program offers overnight visits with children.

D. The programs offers programs for children.

11. The Adoption and Safe Families Act allows for the termination of parental rights after ______ months.

A. 6

B. 11

C. 15

D. 24

12. The Washington Correctional Center for Women allows children that are born in prisons to remain with their mothers for up to ______ years.

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

13. The Girl Scouts Beyond Bars (GSBB) program was offered at what institution in November 1992?

A. Maryland Correction Institution

B. Washington Correctional Center

C. Bedford Hills Correctional Facility

D. This program was never offered.

14. All of the following states integrates prison nurseries into their facilities EXCEPT for _____.

A. South Dakota

B. California

C. Tennessee

D. Ohio

15. ______% of women that are incarcerated communication with their children via letters.

A. 35%

B. 49%

C. 54%

D. 67%

16. In 2012, ______ states had policies that permitted women to be shackled while they were in labor.

A. 15

B. 25

C. 33

D. 41

17. Which states has the most comprehensive and liberal laws, in that they prohibit the use of restraints at any time during the second and third trimester, as well as during postpartum?

A. Florida

B. California

C. Oklahoma

D. Rhode Island

18. Which of the following is false regarding the Girl Scouts Behind Bars program

A. Mothers meet with their daughters twice a month.

B. Allows mothers to have an active role in parenting.

C. Girls learn antisocial behaviors.

D. There are more than 37 programs nationwide.

19. In what year did the Rachel Welch case take place?

A. 1815

B. 1825

C. 1832

D. 1837

20. At what state prison were women housed together in an attic space where they were unmonitored and received their meals from male inmates.

A. Auburn State Prison in New York

B. Sing Sing, Ossining, New York

C. Mount Pleasant Prison Annex

D. Philadelphia’s Walnut Street Jail

21. Women were sent to reformatories for crimes that were considered ______.

A. violent

B. drug induced

C. unladylike

D. all of these

22. The passage of which of the following aligned the mission of the state prisons with a retributive philosophy?

A. California's Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act

B. Maryland's Sentencing Reform Act

C. New York's Retributive Sentencing Act

D. Washington's Indeterminate Sentencing Act

23. Today Black women are being incarcerated at a greater rate than ______.

A. White females and Black males

B. Black males and Hispanic males

C. Hispanic females and Black males

D. White males and White females

24. Which of the following constitutional Amendments protects against cruel and unusual punishment?

A. First Amendment

B. Fourth Amendment

C. Sixth Amendment

D. Eighth Amendment

25. All of the following are true regarding women prisoner's participation in parenting programs based on research by Sandifer EXCEPT for _____.

A. Participation increased knowledge about childhood development.

B. Participation altered their attitudes about physical discipline.

C. Participation allowed women to develop an understanding about the needs of their children.

D. Participation taught women about abstinence.

26. Which of the following statements regarding the children of incarcerated mothers is true?

A. The children are at high risk for ending up in prison themselves as adults

B. The location of the prisons is usually in close proximity to where the children live

C. The majority of the women in prison get visits from their children

D. The majority of women entire prison already pregnant

27. All of the following statements pertaining to the incarceration of women EXCEPT for _____.

A. most states have at least one facility dedicated to a growing population of female offenders

B. women’s prisoners house offenders of all security levels

C. prison facilities are located in populated areas of the state

D. men are available to have visits from their family more often due to proximity

28. Females constitute ______ of inmates in the United States.

A. 3%

B. 7%

C. 1%

D. 1%

29. Which of the following has had an impact on the number of women incarcerated in the United States?

A. War on Drugs

B. Economics

C. Decriminalization of marijuana

D. Social and cultural changes

30. Much of the rise in female criminality is the result of _____.

A. prostitution crimes

B. violent crimes, such as homicide

C. status offenses and victimless crimes

D. minor property crimes

31. All of the following statements regarding women inmates are true EXCEPT for _____.

A. facilities are understaffed

B. women have lower rates of chronic illness than males

C. diagnostic tools for gynecological issues

D. women have a higher need for treatment than men

32. All of the following were identified as benefits of prison nursery programs EXCEPT for _____.

A. they help the mother and the children connect

B. they can lead to reduced recidivism rates

C. implementation is costly

D. they help end the cycle of incarceration

33. The Girl Scouts Beyond Bars (GSBB) program was funded by the ______ in 1992.

A. Bureau of Justice Statistics

B. Department of Justice

C. National Institute of Justice

D. Department of State

34. According to research, ______ of girls who participated in programs, such as the Girl Scouts of Beyond Bars (GSBB), had a closer bond with their mothers.

A. 75

B. 80

C. 85

D. 95

35. Due to California’s prison realignment efforts, there has been a ______% reduction in the number of women in prison.

A. 17

B. 23

C. 39

D. 47

36. The introduction of the Assembly Bill 109 reclassified all of the following felonies EXCEPT for _____.

A. Nonviolent

B. nonserious

C. nonsexual

D. violent and sexual

37. Children ______ deal with a variety of issues that stem from the loss of a parent, including grief, loss, sadness, detachment, and aggressive or at-risk behaviors for delinquency.

A. of college educated mothers

B. of stay at home mothers

C. from large families

D. of incarcerated mothers

38. The demands for these services significantly outweigh their availability, and the lack of accessible services ranks high on the list of inmate complaints regarding quality of life issues in ______.

A. prison

B. churches

C. schools

D. colleges

39. In ______, deposits to an inmate’s commissary account are taxed at 50% to satisfy any restitution orders with an additional 10% administrative fee.

A. New York

B. California

C. Florida

D. Illinois

40. Between 20–50% of women in prison are estimated to be affected by ______.

A. HIV

b. cancer

C. pregnancy

D. headaches

True/False

1. The Indiana Women’s Prison (IWP) is identified as the first stand-alone female prison in the United States.

2. Women have always been housed in separate prisons from men.

3. Women of color were more likely to be sent to reformatories.

4. Women in prison are more likely to be HIV+ than women outside prison.

5. Participants in gender-specific drug treatment programs are more likely to be successful.

6. Giving birth while incarcerated can be traumatizing experience.

7. Research shows that children who take part in prison nursery programs are more likely to be high risk educationally and emotionally.

8. The Girls Scouts Behind Bars program allows women inmates to visit with their children outside of prison.

9. The majority of women in the criminal justice system are the secondary custodial parents for their young children.

10. The American Medical Association has expressed concerns over policies that allow the shackling of pregnant women during delivery.

11. Most women will give birth and return to prison within a few months without their baby.

12. Female offenders are the fastest growing population in the U.S. prison system.

13. According to the Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics, the majority of women incarcerated are not mothers.

14. Most facilities are inadequately staffed or lack the diagnostic tools needed to address women’s gynecological issues.

15. Women sent to reformatories were given determinate sentences.

16. The practice of shackling can make child delivery traumatic for pregnant women.

Essay

1. Compare and contrast the custodial institution model to the reformatory model.

2. Describe the concerns pregnant women have when entering prison.

3. Describe how Elizabeth Fry reformed the prison system.

4. Explain the impact of overcrowding on inmates.

5. Identify and explain one to two contemporary issues for female inmates.