Chapter 13: Women Professionals and the Criminal Justice System

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ was the first woman admitted to the state bar in the United States in 1869.

A. Belle Mansfield

B. Charlotte E. Ray

C. Belva Ann Lockwood

D. Mary Florence Lathrop

2. Who of the following was the first African American woman admitted to the bar in District of Columbia in 1872?

A. Belle Mansfield

B. Charlotte E. Ray

C. Belva Ann Lockwood

D. Mary Florence Lathrop

3. ______ was the first woman to practice law before the U.S. Supreme Court.

A. Belle Mansfield

B. Charlotte E. Ray

C. Belva Ann Lockwood

D. Mary Florence Lathrop

4. In which year was the first woman admitted to the American Bar Association?

A. 1872

B. 1886

C. 1900

D. 1918

5. Woman make up ______% of all students enrolled in law school.

A. 23.4

B. 34.2

C. 49.3

D. 55.8

6. According to the American Bar Association, ______% of practicing attorneys in the United States are female.

A. 15

B. 24

C. 36

D. 42

7. All of the following were identified as barriers faced by women in the legal field EXCEPT for _____.

A. disparity in compensation

B. denial for promotion and partnership

C. challenges of balancing family and work

D. difficulties in finding employment at top firms

8. Within Fortune 500 corporations with in-house counsel, women make up only ______% of the positions.

A. 5.6

B. 8.7

C. 11.3

D. 24.8

9. Chicana attorneys define success by ______

A. promotion

B. social justice

C. financial success

D. number of cases tried

10. Female attorneys are more likely to be assigned cases involving ______.

A. intimate partner violence

B. gang violence

C. educational issues

D. white-collar crime

11. Which president appointed Sandra Day O’Connor as the first woman to grace the Supreme Court’s bench?

A. Richard Nixon

B. Lyndon Johnson

C. Ronald Reagan

D. George H. W. Bush

12. The first woman was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in ______.

A. 1964

B. 1972

C. 1981

D. 1995

13. The second woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court was ______.

A. Sandra Day O’Connor

B. Ruther Bader Ginsburg

C. Sonia Sotomayor

D. Elena Kagan

14. President Clinton appointed more ______ to judicial positions at the federal appellate level than any other president.

A. women

B. men of color

C. men

D. women of color

15. Female judges across the United States are disproportionately found in ______ courts today.

A. trial

B. general jurisdiction

C. appeal

D. district

16. Which of the following women was appointed by President Barack Obama?

A. Ruth Ginsburg

B. Sandra Sotomayor

C. Sandra Day O’Connor

D. Hillary Clinton

17. There are currently ______ women on the U.S. Supreme Court.

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

18. All of the following are factors affecting the representation of women at the appellate court level EXCEPT for ______.

A. number of available seats

B. number of female attorneys

C. type of selection process

D. number of trial court judges

19. Justice Sonia Sotomayor is known for her ruling out of New York regarding which of the following sports?

A. Basketball

B. Baseball

C. Soccer

D. Football

20. All of the following are stages of burnout discussed by the author EXCEPT for ______.

A. Emotional exhaustion

B. Depersonalization

C. Feelings of overcompensation

D. Reduced personal accomplishment

21. Which of the following has been found to serve as a protective factor against secondary trauma stress?

A. Organizational support structures

B. Female leadership

C. History of victimization

D. Size of service delivery area

22. All of the following are job duties of a rape crisis worker EXCEPT for _____.

A. interviewing the accused offender

B. community education

C. preparing victims for the legal process

D. hospital accompaniment

23. The services provided by victim services agencies vary by all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

A. population served

B. connection to other community agencies

C. types of services they provide

D. composition of staff

24. All of the following are challenges faced by rural victim services agencies EXCEPT for _____.

A. cultural factors

B. overstaffing

C. lack of transportation

D. privacy

25. All of the following statements pertaining to rape-crisis workers are true EXCEPT for _____.

A. rape-crisis workers also help to limit or prevent secondary victimization.

B. rape and sexual assault exists in every community

C. in rural communities, anonymity about people and their lives is common

D. victim blaming practices are heavily influenced by cultural factors

26. Female judges at the state Supreme Court level tend to vote more liberally on ______ case.

A. search and seizure cases

B. domestic violence cases

C. homicide cases

D. death penalty cases

27. Advocates for intimate partner abuse can suffer from stress which leads to ______.

A. burnout

B. depression

C. severe chronic illness

D. resignations

28. Which of the following is thought to limit opportunities for promotion based on their gender and ethnic identity?

A. Glass ceiling

B. Gender gap

C. Broken windows

D. Cultural norms

29. Advocates help victims obtain services from all of the following EXCEPT for _____.

A. Legal

B. Medical

C. Mental

D. Fiscal

30. In her study of women attorneys, Garcia-Lopez (2008) found that ______ were less likely to be viewed as valuable professional in their field.

A. Anglos

B. Chicanas

C. African Americans

D. Asians

31. Justice ______ was the first woman of color appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

A. Sonia Sotomayor

B. Ruth Bader-Ginsberg

C. Elena Kagan

D. Sandra Day O’Connor

32. The creation of the ______ in 1975 served to bring together victims’ rights groups across the nation and provide a voice to the needs of victims of crime.

A. Office for Victims (O4V)

B. National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)

C. Office of Victim’s Rights (OVR)

D. Office for Rights of Victims (ORV)

33. ______ is stress resulting from helping or wanting to help a traumatized or suffering person.

A. Physical stress disorder

B. Acute stress

C. Episodic stress

D. Secondary trauma stress

34. The proportion of female practicing attorneys increased from ______ to ______% between 2012 and 2017.

A. 25–30

B. 12–17

C. 31–36

D. 40–45

35. In 2015, female lawyers made ______% of the salaries of their male counterparts.

A. 25

B. 50

C. 75

D. 90

36. Which of the following states was the first in the nation to elect a woman to a state legislative position?

A. California

B. Texas

C. Nevada

D. Colorado

37. Women elected at the state level are more likely to be members of which of the following parties?

A. Democratic

B. Republican

C. Libertarian

D. Green

38. Today, women comprise ______ of the elected officials.

A. 10.1%

B. 18.3%

C. 19.6%

D. 25.7%

39. Which of the following Supreme Court justices was appointed by former President Barack Obama?

A. O’Connor and Sotomayor

B. Ginsburg and O’Connor

C. Kagan and Sotomayor

D. Sotomayor and Ginsburg

40. Which of the following are examples of self-care?

A. Meditation

B. Healthy living

C. Exercise

D. All of these

True/False

1. There is a high proportion of survivors accessing services that can potentially benefit from them.

2. The number of women in the legal field is decreasing.

3. Women judges support the women’s positions in cases that directly affect women’s lives.

4. Women are less likely to make partner in a legal firm than men.

5. Research has found that race and ethnicity do not impact the gendered nature of legal work.

6. Female attorneys are more likely than men to be assigned high-profile cases.

7. Research has found the women judges tend to be harsher in their sentencing decisions compared to their male counterparts.

8. A violation of the criminal law is considered a crime against the state, regardless of the offense or the harm to the victim.

9. Victims have historically played a minor role throughout the criminal justice process.

10. Women who have been victimized cannot work in victim services.

11. The emotional context of victim service work can lead to secondary victimization.

12. Rape and sexual assault exists in every community.

13. All victim services agencies are non-profit.

14. The purpose of victim advocacy is to create opportunities for women to be in control of their lives.

15. Rape-crisis workers also help to limit or prevent secondary victimization.

Essay

1. Describe the challenges faced by women working in victim services.

2. Discuss secondary trauma stress.

3. Describe the challenges faced by women working in the legal profession.

4. In what ways can advocates be a useful source of information?

5. Which types of services are provided by rape crisis centers?