Chapter 10: Understanding and Managing Chronic Illness

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. As compared to acute diseases, chronic diseases ______.

A. more often begin asymptomatically

B. develop more rapidly

C. do not last as long

D. more often have a single cause

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding Chronic Diseases

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Because Kai’s illness is one of the MOST common chronic diseases experienced during childhood, there is a fair amount of online and real-life support for caregivers and families, even though there is no cure for it. Based on this information, Kai MOST likely suffers from ______.

A. typhoid fever

B. nephitis

C. multiple sclerosis

D. cystic fibrosis

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prevalence of Chronic Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. As compared to its prevalence among European Americans, the prevalence of chronic disease among African American and Latinx people is ______.

A. lower

B. about the same

C. about 25–35% higher

D. about 65–75% higher

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prevalence of Chronic Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Chronic diseases constitute ______ of the top 10 causes of death.

A. some

B. half

C. most

D. all

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Costs of Chronic Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A medical research foundation is determining its priorities for funding. One of the directors advises the board that just over ______ cents of every health care dollar is spent on chronic diseases.

A. 65

B. 75

C. 85

D. 95

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Costs of Chronic Disease

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Alex has trouble keeping his balance. His tremors and occasional weakness are making it difficult for him to accomplish routine tasks and complete the activities of daily living. Alex is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ______.

A. epilepsy

B. cystic fibrosis

C. Parkinson’s disease

D. nephitis

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Common Types of Chronic Disease

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. About ______ million Americans have diabetes.

A. 5

B. 20

C. 30

D. 45

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diabetes

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Dr. Gifford is an environmental psychologist. She is collaborating with Dr. Clarke, a health psychologist. Gifford and Clarke should find a(n) ______ correlation between scores on measures of census tracts’ walkability and the prevalence of diabetes in those tracts. Higher scores on the walkability measure indicate that a census tract is more walkable.

A. negligible

B. negative

C. positive

D. variable

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Risk Factors for Diabetes

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Which disease is NOT in the arthritis “family?”

A. gout

B. nephitis

C. lupus

D. fibromyalgia

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Arthritis

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. If one extrapolated an age trend mentioned in the textbook, one would estimate the risk of Alzheimer’s disease at age 80 as ______.

A. 40%

B. 50%

C. 70%

D. 80%

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. According to the textbook, more than ______ of those with diabetes have some type of sexual dysfunction.

A. 65%

B. 75%

C. 80%

D. 90%

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. People with chronic diseases are especially likely to hide their condition from others if the disease is stigmatized. Stigmatized conditions include AIDS and ______.

A. epilepsy

B. multiple sclerosis

C. Parkinson’s disease

D. diabetes

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Loss of Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Ezzie is HIV+ and is experiencing suicidal ideation. Ezzie is not alone; one in ______ of those diagnosed with HIV has contemplated suicide.

A. eight

B. five

C. four

D. three

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Depression and Anxiety

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Cassileth and colleagues (1984).found that after about ______month(s) postdiagnosis, there is no differences in depression rates between healthy people and those with various chronic illnesses.

A. 1

B. 3

C. 6

D. 12

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression and Anxiety

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Collins and colleagues (2001) found that, as a rough approximation, about ______ of 3,000 people diagnosed with HIV made positive health changes following the diagnosis, such as quitting smoking, increasing exercise, or improving one’s diet.

A. 25%

B. 35%

C. 50%

D. 75%

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Positive Effects

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Maranda and Gupta (2016) found that children with diabetes who reported caring for one or more pets at home were 2.5 times more likely to have control over their glucose levels than those who did not care for a pet. This result MOST likely reflects ______ research.

A. archival

B. case study

C. experimental

D. survey

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Illness Intrusiveness

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Eddie has asthma. He knows that physical exercise is beneficial for not only his psychological well-being, but also the physical symptoms he experiences. Each day, he checks the pollen forecast on his weather app to see if it would be a good day for a brisk 30-min walk. Eddie’s strategy reflects a coping strategy that psychologists called ______.

A. religious belief

B. positive reappraisal

C. distancing

D. problem-focused

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Problem-Focused Coping

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Which emotion-focused coping strategy is correctly identified as generally positive or negative?

A. distancing--negative

B. positive reappraisal--negative

C. religious beliefs--negative

D. avoidance--positive

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denial and Avoidance

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Colin is HIV+. And the end of each day, Colin and his partner each tell the other at least one thing they are thankful for that day. This is an example of a(n) ______-focused coping strategy called ______.

A. emotion; distancing

B. emotion; positive reappraisal

C. problem; distancing

D. problem; positive reappraisal

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Positive Reappraisal

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Cotton and colleagues (e.g., Cotton, Puchalski, and colleagues, 2006) have found that ______ of adults diagnosed with HIV report that the condition has strengthened their faith.

A. 50%

B. 65%

C. 75%

D. 90%

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adopting Religious/Spiritual Beliefs

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Val has become diabetic. Her doctor gave her a lot of information about the psychological and physical symptoms of diabetes, and about how diabetes is treated. Val’s family can expect that this information will ______.

A. have little impact on Val’s condition

B. help Val feel in control of her condition

C. stress Val out and overwhelm her

D. plunge Val into despondency

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Provide Information and Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Wes is HIV+. As a client at a local nonprofit organization for HIV+ people and their families, Wes receives regular counseling, assistance in scheduling and transportation to medical appointments, and reminders to adhere to treatment regimens. This type of patient support program should ______.

A. improve not only Wes’s quality of life, but also reduce his physical symptoms

B. improve Wes’s physical symptoms, but do little for the quality of his life

C. improve Wes’s quality of life, but do little for his physical symptoms

D. do little for either Wes’s quality of life or his physical symptoms

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Provide Information and Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. In the management of chronic disease, modest amounts of exercise--say, 2.5 hr per week--can ______.

A. do little except break a sweat or make one short of breath

B. encourage weight loss, but that’s about it

C. encourage weight loss and relieve depression, but not affect disease progression

D. not only encourage weight loss and relieve depression but also slow disease progression

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Encourage Physical Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Combating irrational beliefs, relaxation and mindfulness training, and training in coping and stress management are all elements of ______ approaches to managing chronic disease.

A. psychodynamic

B. humanistic

C. cognitive-behavioral

D. biomedical

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Leake and colleagues (1999) randomly assigned patients with kidney disease to a group where they described their difficulties in coping with the illness, a group where people described the strategies they used to cope effectively with their disease, or to a control group where people saw a videotape on coping with dialysis. Results showed that with respect to relieving physical symptoms and depression ______.

A. neither experimental group was effective

B. both experimental groups were effective, and equally so

C. the “strategy” group was the most effective

D. the “difficulties” group was most effective

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Utilize Social Support Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Influenza is one example of a chronic disease.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Describe the prevalence and costs of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding Chronic Diseases

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. African Americans make up more than half of all AIDS deaths each year.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risk Factors for HIV/AIDS

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Alzheimer’s disease is among the top 10 causes of death in the United States.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alzheimer’s Disease

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. An HIV diagnosis is MORE stressful for those over 50 than for those under 50.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Loss of Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. There’s nothing good about developing a chronic disease.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Summarize the consequences of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Positive Effects

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Avoidance coping may be adaptive when one first learns one has an incurable disease.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Denial and Avoidance

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Researchers have established a causal link between coping styles and health outcomes for people with chronic diseases.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Explain factors influencing reactions to chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding the Mechanisms

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Thirty minutes of walking on a treadmill twice a week may be sufficient to reduce the symptoms of asthma.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Encourage Physical Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Create a flow chart depicting the four stages of HIV/AIDS described in the text. Name each stage and identify its key characteristics.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Compare the common types of chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Understanding HIV/AIDS

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Encouraging physical exercise is an inexpensive and effective way to manage chronic disease. Support this claim by describing how Dennis, who suffers from Parkinson’s disease, and Malik, who is HIV+, might benefit from physical exercise. Be sure to mention the type and amount of exercise, where applicable as well as the specific benefits Dennis and Malik might expect.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Describe strategies for coping with a chronic disease.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Encourage Physical Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium