Ch11 Dna Technology Verified Test Bank

Chapter 11

DNA Technology

True / False Questions

1. A GMO is a transgenic organism.

True False

1. When the genetic material of multiple organisms has been combined, it is called recombinant DNA.

True False

1. Bacterial plasmids are small units of self-replicating DNA that can be used as cloning vectors in genetic engineering.

True False

1. Unlike in plants, the production of transgenic animals commonly relies on viruses as cloning vectors.

True False

1. In current biotechnology (DNA technology) advancements, scientists ensure that the methods used have no risks or unethical procedures.

True False

1. DNA polymerase is a protein used in many biotechnology methods that cuts DNA sequences into fragments that can then be pasted into vectors.

True False

1. The method of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make enough exact copies of DNA for researchers to use in analysis.

True False

1. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis uses DNA testing to examine the genes in sperm, egg, or embryo cells.

True False

1. The desired outcome of human gene therapy is to find substitute genes from other organisms to cure a disease condition.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In medicine, agriculture, and conservation applications of biotechnology, the common genetic unit used is the
2. allele.
3. gene.
4. centromere.
5. nucleotide (nitrogen base).
6. chromatid.
7. DNA probes and primers, related to specific locations on the DNA sequence, are made of
8. nucleotide (nitrogen base) sequences.
9. None of the answer choices is correct.
10. one or more gene locations, for genetic traits.
11. wide number of similar genes among other organisms.
12. number of chromosomes in the organism.
13. An ill or injured patient may have suffered from damaged tissues that the cell cycle, including mitosis, won't naturally repair or replace. This may include damaged nerves, or skin, or muscle. A form of biotechnology that attempts to stimulate new cell divisions with application of cells that are genetically unspecialized, is
14. cloning.
15. preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
16. DNA profiling.
17. stem cell research.
18. genetic engineering.
19. Advancements in many fields of biology, agriculture, conservation, and medicine benefit from DNA technology because
20. researchers have gained understanding of how the DNA structure relates to many traits and diseases.
21. the genes among sometimes diverse organisms can produce favorable traits when transferred from one to another.
22. even DNA replication and cell divisions can produce point mutations and gene abnormalities affecting traits of interest.
23. All of the answer choices are correct.
24. each organism, especially among the eukaryotes, inherits a mix of variable genetic information from previous generations.
25. The genetic molecular material that has been spliced together from multiple organisms is
26. any specific protein produced from a gene.
27. a zygote.
28. RNA transcriptase.
29. both (either) RNA transcriptase and any specific protein produced from a gene.
30. recombinant DNA.
31. All of the following are examples of traditional breeding techniques except
32. breeding decorative flowers which are modified, from their wild-type, to produce showy versions.
33. All of the answer choices are correct.
34. creating a transgenic plant that has an insect-killing protein from a bacterium.
35. breeding agricultural crops and livestock which are selectively produced to have desirable nutrition and yield.
36. breeding favorite dog and cat breeds that exhibit desired traits of appearance and behavior.
37. The first organism produced as a transgenic organism was
38. a virus.
39. corn.
40. bread yeast.
41. Dolly, the cloned sheep.
42. a bacterium.

In 2008, a DNA technology company, Florigene, Ltd., a Japanese subsidiary from Australia, claimed the production of a genetically blue rose. This was a great success since roses have no natural gene for producing blue pigments; further, roses do have a gene that controls the destruction of blue pigment molecules. To obtain the blue color, researchers had to inject genes from pansies and other flowers to counteract the natural chemistry of the plant.

1. Florigene, the rose plant that produces blue flowers, is an example of
2. applying gene therapy.
3. a clone.
4. stem cell research.
5. a transgenic organism.
6. traditional breeding.
7. Because the rose is a plant, the likely cloning vector used to introduce necessary genes was a
8. chromatid.
9. virus.
10. bacterial plasmid.
11. cloned nucleus.
12. fish genome.
13. Once the cloning vector was formed, injecting it into the rose cells could be done by
14. enclosing it in a membrane-bound liposome that fuses with the cell membrane.
15. attaching it to a virus that will infect the plant cell.
16. attaching it to a small bead, and shooting it into the cell with a gene gun.
17. All of these options are possible, but depend on the vector and the receiving cell's properties.
18. electrifying the cell membrane to open a temporary hole among the phospholipids.
19. Before a desired gene can be spliced into a bacterial plasmid cloning vector, the gene must first be from the original DNA.
20. precisely cut, with a restriction enzyme,
21. glued, with ligase,
22. injected into a bacterial cell or a virus, having different sequences
23. injected into a stem cell, to determine any unwanted traits
24. All of the answer choices are correct.
25. Who was the first researcher to establish the method for DNA sequencing?
26. Rosalind Franklin
27. Frederick Sanger
28. James Watson
29. Ian Wilmut
30. Gregor Mendel
31. For DNA sequencing, a technique called separates the isolated and cut DNA fragments into different lengths.
32. restriction enzyme cutting
33. the polymerase chain reaction
34. binary fission
35. electrophoresis
36. translation
37. DNA sequences that do not code for proteins
38. All of the answer choices are correct.
39. are nonfunctional pseudogenes.
40. are structural, with repeated and translocated sections.
41. regulate gene expression.
42. transcribe mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
43. The value of applying DNA profiling to tandem repeat sequences is that
44. they serve as DNA probes, which indicate where disease-causing alleles are found.
45. the tandem repeat sequences are those that can be made into recombinant DNA.
46. None of the answer choices is correct.
47. a more efficient analytical focus is made on small portions of highly variable DNA sequences.
48. they signal to researchers where there are genes that can be more easily cloned, or grown in stem cells.
49. Examine this diagram of short tandem repeats found in DNA profiling of three suspects in a crime. Man 1 shares the same number of STRs as 1 in 5,000 people. Man 2 shares the same number of STRs as 1 in 10,000 people. Man 3 shares the same number of STRs as 1 in 3,500 people. DNA extracted from samples at the crime scene found 6 STR repeats, based on the data provided, it can be interpreted that

1. it is more rare to have six STRs than five or seven.
2. Man 2 must be guilty, based on this proof.
3. no conclusion can be made, because the STRs all repeat the same sequence of C-T-A.
4. Man 2 is likely guilty, considering that he has a rare STR profile that matches crime scene samples.
5. STR numbers match Man 2.
6. The two categories of stem cells in the human body are embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Therefore, stem cells can be found in
7. embryos, after division of the original zygote.
8. skin cells.
9. All of the answer choices are correct.
10. adults, in several specialized tissues.
11. the bone marrow.
12. When comparing the genetic characteristics between embryonic and adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells
13. are collected from the testes and ovaries, while adult stem cells are collected from other tissues.
14. are produced naturally in human development, while adult stem cells are from cloning.
15. There is no real genetic difference between embryonic and adult stem cells, except how they were collected.
16. can't differentiate into any specialized cells, while adult stem cells can.
17. can differentiate into any specialized cells, while adult stem cells can't.
18. is having the genetic ability of embryonic stem cells to differentiate into specialized cell.
19. Pluripotent
20. Recombinant structuring
21. Totipotent
22. Transgenic production
23. DNA profiling
24. Some plants, fungi, and animals can asexually reproduce new genetically identical copies of themselves. This is a natural version of
25. meiosis.
26. recombination.
27. mutation.
28. transgenic organisms.
29. cloning.
30. The method used to produce the cloned sheep, Dolly, was
31. embryonic stem cell transplantation.
32. short tandem repeats.
33. polymerase chain reaction.
34. somatic cell nuclear transfer.
35. transgenic recombination.
36. A(n) _cell was used as the donor cell to provide genetic material that produced the cloned sheep, Dolly.5_QC_CS-34450
37. germ-line
38. undifferentiated somatic
39. mammary gland
40. embryonic stem
41. egg
42. As a result of being cloned, Dolly exhibited abnormalities not seen in normally reproduced sheep. One of these abnormalities was she
43. developed arthritis in her hind legs.
44. was able to reproduce asexually, without requirement of a male sperm.
45. developed lung disease at a young age of six years.
46. developed arthritis in her back.
47. gave birth to healthy lambs through normal sexual reproduction.
48. After identifying a specific protein associated with a medical problem, the corresponding gene can be identified with a , which is radioactively or fluorescently tagged.
49. DNA probe
50. short tandem repeat
51. heterozygous genotype
52. pseudogene
53. homologous chromosome
54. If disease symptoms are associated with a genetically inherited allele, tests can be performed
55. on the fetus, during pregnancy.
56. during the in utero fetal stage or any stage of life after birth.
57. during adulthood.
58. on the embryo prior to implantation.
59. during childhood.
60. A couple, both carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) alleles, can decrease their odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles. This process is called
    1. polymerase chain reaction.
    2. gene therapy.
    3. genetic typing.
    4. preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
    5. cloning and testing the unborn child.
61. If your physician suspects you have symptoms of a genetic disease, he can collect cells for genetic testing by
62. sampling your blood cells.
63. sampling cells that line your mouth.
64. sampling cells in your saliva.
65. All of the answer choices are correct.

E. sampling the tissue which is observed to be affected.

1. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is one form of biotechnology associated with the fertility technology of
   1. adult stem cell research.
   2. the polymerase chain reaction.
   3. embryonic stem cell research.
   4. in vitro fertilization.
   5. cloning.
2. In the process of in vitro fertilization, after a cell has been removed from an embryo for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the embryo
3. will continue to produce new cells through meiosis.
4. will then be placed in a cloning chamber.
5. cannot develop into a fetus or baby.
6. will continue to grow and develop.
7. will be used for gene therapy on parents or siblings.
8. Although uses of gene therapy are greatly anticipated, a medical, technological limit to the application is that
   1. only diseased cells can be targeted.
   2. there are no technological limits, but rather ethical ones.
   3. although suitable genes can be identified, there is no way to know the nucleotide sequences.
   4. only healthy cells can be targeted.
   5. researchers have difficulty finding useful genes, from other species, to use.

True / False Questions

1. If farmers use glyphosate-resistant crops, they can spray their fields with a herbicides and it will not harm the plant.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Superweeds result from
2. cross-pollination of cultivated and non-cultivated plants in the field.
3. cross-pollination of cultivated and non-cultivated plants in the laboratory.
4. cross-pollination of two cultivated plants in the field.
5. cross-pollination of two cultivated plants in the lab.
6. cross-pollination of two non-cultivated plants in the field.